Vacuum-energy Colour-slide presentation, O. and C. Turtur, page 1

Vacuum-energy Colour-slide presentation, O. and C. Turtur, page 1 of 35

Do you know the joke: Two planets meet at infinity. One planet asks the other: “How are you doing?” The other one answers: “Lousy, really bad. I am suffering on Homo sapiens.” Says the first one: “Oh, this is not really a problem. You will overcome it soon.” ---------------------------- But this is not a joke; this is a serious problem for us, the Homo sapiens. So: If we want to survive on our planet, we will have to stop destroying it. Therefore we must organize our energy-production in a clean way.

At the beginning, the void was the empty space, so it got the latin name “vacuum”. As you can see, you only see nothing.

It is not yet half a millennium ago, namely in 1643, when a man named Evangelista Torricelli managed to prove that the void was not empty, but it contains a gas, called “air”. If you regard the void as drawn now, you should have said: “As you can see, you only see nothing.” To understand that the air is a medium, was not very easy at the beginning, so Torricelli had to remove the air in order to make it understandable as a medium to his contemporaries. The result was again a vacuum, a void containing less than the void before. Only the absence of the omnipresent substance helped us to understand the existence of the omnipresent substance.

14 years later, Otto von Guericke demonstrated the force of the vacuum in Magdeburg, using his famous both hemispheres, which have been pressed to each other by the surrounding air, as long as the space between them has been evacuated. Even two horses could not pull strong enough that the hemispheres had been disconnected from each other. The name for the pressure, as for instance the pressure of the air was chosen “Torr”, following the name of the scientist Torricelli. From there on, the “vacuum” was the space free of visible matter.


But the “vacuum” was not really empty, it still contained invisible matter. In 1948 Hendrik Brught Gerhard Casimir said, that the vacuum still contains some “Zero-point waves” of quantum-theory. If I would have asked you a bit more than 100 years ago, you should still describe the picture here with the words: “As you can see, you only see nothing.”

Same as Torricelli removed the air in order to help people to feel their pressure, Casimir wanted to remove the Zero-point waves in order to help people to feel their pressure. But people did not believe him . . . .

. . . . until finally Steve Lamoreux from the Elite University Yale verified the pressure of the Zero-point waves by an experiment. And this the principle of his experiment: Some of the Zero-point waves are removed in order to help people to take notice of the omnipresent waves by missing them. Two metallic plates, oriented parallel to each other have the characteristic to remove some of the Zero-point waves in between them (namely the stationary waves), so that a pressure will press the plates towards each other. The plates are pressed by the force of the quantum-vacuum against each other. This is also the case, when the plates are electrically neutral and connected to ground. Thus the force is called Casimir-force nowadays.

And suddenly there is a little bit of light in the darkness of the vacuum.

Finally the Zero-point waves go back to the fathers of quantum-theory, such as Werner Heisenberg, Nils Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger and others. They found many important things, also the fact that oscillations can never come to standstill. A pendulum as we know it for instance from a wall clock could simply hang down, if the wall clock would be a quantum-clock, but it has to oscillate forever. If cannot stop oscillating. This is one of the topics of quantum-theory.

We can regard this as a standstill-forbiddance. But the question is: Is the standstill only forbidden for oscillations or also for waves - as for the electromagnetic waves of the quantum-vacuum. Fact is: These waves are the Zero-point waves of the quantum-vacuum as we spoke about in connection with the name of Casimir.

The force and the pressure of Torricelli’s gas are utilized to drive a steam-engine, as it has been invented by James Watt. But this was invented already a quarter of a millennium ago – thus it is not brand new – although we drive our cars according to this principle today and we make our electrical current using this principle rather often. But now we want to utilize also the pressure of the Zero-point waves. This is not yet a quarter of a millennium old, but it is brand new.


The steam-engine is known rather well, but the Zero-point energy motor is not yet known by very many people. And it is a pity that only very few people know it, because the Zero-point engine has the great advantage in comparison with the steam-engine that it does not need to combust visible matter. It is driven by the Zero-point energy of the quantum-vacuum. Thus Zero-point energy motors do not produce any waste, no exhaust gas, no radioactivity. Furthermore, the Zero-point waves are for free, we do not have to pay for them, such as for oil or gas. Zero-point energy motors work on the empty vacuum and leave back the empty vacuum. Zero-point energy motors produce an extremely small alteration of the curvature of the relativistic spacetime, which is flowing with the speed of light into the universe.

Richard Feynman, who received a Nobel Prize for his theory of Quantum-Electrodynamics described some of the invisible matter of the vacuum with the means of the so called “vacuum-polarization” and therefore he developed a notation called his “Feynman-graphs”.

But not only in microscopic physics, such as quantum-theory, the energy of the quantum-vacuum plays a role, but also in Astrophysics with regard to the whole universe. From measurements of Astro-physics, analyzing the speed of expansion of the universe, we know, that our world consists only by 5% of visible matter, these are things which we can touch with our fingers such as planets, stars, humans an all those things of our everydays life. But about 25-30% of our world is invisible matter, such as for instance elementary particles not yet being discovered. But the main part of our world, namely 65-70% is so called “dark energy”, and part of it is the Zero-point energy of the quantum-vacuum, which are the main topic of the presentation here. It is unbelievable, but two thirds of the mass of our complete universe is vacuum. Yes – the vacuum has much more weight than all visible matter together.

And the invisible matter of the vacuum is what we utilize, when we drive a Zero-point energy motor.

But why did mankind nut utilize this energy for such a long time ?

It is inner temptation, which we had to overcome, in order to find out, that there is something within the nothing of the vacuum, which we can use. Unfortunately the topic of vacuum-energy is still known only by few people, and this explains, why it is not included into the scientific community properly.


Let us not regret the problems, but let us tend our attention towards creative work to find out, how we can utilize this energy of the quantum-vacuum.

For this reason, I performed an experiment, which I did as a guest at the Otto-von-Guericke university of Magdeburg. By the way, I saw the original hemispheres of Otto-von-Guericke in this university.

But in this presentation, I do not want to tell about Otto von Guericke’s experiment, but I want to tell about my experiment. We will come to this point later. At first we want to have a look to the literature and see, what other colleagues somewhere on our earth did.

An example therefore is the Zero-point energy converter by Hans Coler. He was captain of a ship, and he did not any knowledge about the terminology of the scholarly textbooks of Physics.

Nevertheless he was able to build two types of Zero-point energy converters, which he called “Magnet-stromapparat” und “Stromerzeuger”. An example of the “Magnetstromapparat” can be seen in the picture, whereas we do not have samples of the “Stromerzeuger” nowadays. Hans Coler began his work in 1923, continued in the Second World War, but after the war, he did not do much scientific work. The “Magnet-stromapparat” is said to be unusable in internet, but the “Stromerzeuger” is not commented in internet today, so that mankind nearly forgot its existence. Hans Coler explained that the “Magnetstromapparat” was only for the purpose of testing, but the “Stromerzeuger” is the powerful Zero-point energy converter. Despite all modern criticism, Coler’s results have been confirmed by the English Secret service as well as by Professors from the universities at Berlin, Munich, Trondheim and Copenhagen.

Another example for a ZPE-converter goes back to the legendary Nikola Tesla. He worked on a system for wireless electrical power distribution, but he was stopped by J. P. Morgan, because the wireless electrical power distribution would does not have a possibility to connect a wattmeter to measure how much people would have to pay for electricity. This was Tesla’s famous project at Wardencliff Tower. But from where did Tesla want to get the energy, which he intended to distribute ? Tesla had had a ZPE-converter to convert ZPE-energy into electrical energy. In the internet, this fact is often regarded to be a fairy tale, but in reality it is true.


In reality, Tesla built a prototype of this ZPE-converter and demonstrated its functionality by driving a car with a maximum speed of 140 km/h. He did his demonstrations in the North of the USA, in the region of the city Buffalo and to the Niagara Falls. He used this car for several weeks, and then a regional newspaper reported about his demonstrations. But soon has car disappeared together with the ZPE-converter. Normally I would prefer to be careful and not speak about this topic, because in internet many people doubt that it might be true. But in this special case, I heard rather directly that this is not a phantasy story but reality. I spoke with Klaus Jebens, who is 86 years old now and had been the owner of an inventor-company in Hamburg, which is now driven by his sons.

He is of importance for our presentation here, because his father Heinrich Jebens has been President of the National German Inventor Office in 1930. And in his official function he was in America to give a medal of honor to Thomas Alva Edison. On this trip to America he visited Nikola Tesla and Tesla allowed him to drive with his ZPE-car and to see the ZPE-converter. But Jebens had to promise Tesla that he will never tell this to anybody as long as Tesla was living. After Tesla’s dead he told few words to his son Klaus Jebens, but he was not able to reproduce Tesla ZPE-converter, although he tried hard.

Heinrich Jebens wrote short protocol of this, which has been copied to the book “Die Urkraft aus dem Universum” by Klaus Jebens. By the way, this book is very interesting for those who can read the German language, because it gives a wonderful overview over several dozens of ZPE-converters reported worldwide. The little book is not very expensive and gives newcomers a good introduction into the topic of zero-point energy conversion.

In reality there are much more ZPE-motors on our earth. The problem of several ZPE-motors is, that in some cases, the inventors dream about becoming rich when bringing their invention to the market. In these cases they do not present their invention to publicity, and then their inventions disappear after some time. The eldest ZPE-converter-construction from which I have heard goes back to the 13th century, to Pater Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt. A trial of reproduction by Lee Bowman is reported in 1954 and another report is given by John Bedini in 1996, but I could not evaluate clear results when looking in the internet.

For all those who do not like unclear reports, but who prefer hard facts, I want to give the hint to a ZPE-motor by “Terawatt”, which has got certificates by the highly respected TÜV-organization coming from Germany and additionally as a confirmation by the highly respected Underwriter Laboratories of the United States. Scientists are used to believe in results only after independent reproduction – and so we see to independent certificates here.


The enumeration of ZPE-converters might be prolonged for many further converters, but probably this would be boring soon. Thus I prefer to give the resume: The zero-point energy of the quantum-vacuum exists and it can be utilized after conversion into a classical type of energy such as electrical or mechanical energy. It is not a problem to drive powerful motors with the zero-point energy of the quantum-vacuum, without pollution of our environment, without paying for energy. The zero-point energy of the quantum-vacuum is an inexhaustible and free source of usable energy.

The question whether the zero-point energy of the quantum-vacuum is really inexhaustible can be answered rather easy:

If we perform an extremely cautious estimation of the total zero-point energy available in the universe, following measurements of Astrophysics, we estimate the zero-point energy of the universe as printed on the screen now. And this energy is flowing with the speed of light all over the universe, so that always new energy passes the earth. Other estimations within scholarly Physics come to much larger amounts of energy within our universe. So it is clear, that mankind will never be strong enough to extract a noticeable percentage of energy from the universe.

So: The zero-point energy of the quantum-vacuum is a wonderful source of energy – no problems for our environment, no pollution, inexhaustible, free for everybody. I don’t see anything which is missing. The only disadvantage of this source of energy is, that still some scientific work is necessary to build useful engines for series production, as they are necessary to supply machines for technical application.

Up to here, I spoke about things which are already reported in literature in ZPE-research. This was work on literature. Now I want to start to speak about my own way into ZPE-research, which actually is scientific work. For I came with the standard knowledge of scholarly Physics, I am used to ask about a theoretical fundament first. From there I came to the point, that I have to prove my theory experimentally, otherwise nobody would believe what I found.

Let us start up with this way by regarding an electrostatic charge “Q” or a permanent magnet. Both is acceptable for the introduction into theory. The electrostatic charge “Q”, produces an electric field which propagates into the space during time. The magnet produces a magnetic field which propagates in similar way. For Physicist-colleagues I give the following remark: We know an argument from theoretical Physics, according to which the electrostatic field fulfills the whole space since the moment it began to exist. Only the alteration of the field strength is restricted to the speed of light, following the Theory of Relativity. This argument is compatible with our considerations, because we only regard the propagation of the field strength with the speed of light, or at least with a finite speed.


With regard to a magnet, this argument is the same, whereas the moment when the field begins to exist is the moment, when the magnet is magnetized. From the moment of magnetization on, the magnetic field is produces and propagates into the space during time with finite speed. As an example let’s look to a magnet, which was magnetized one year ago. The field of the magnet now fills a sphere with a radius of one light-year. In the outside of this sphere, the field did not yet arrive, due to its finite speed of propagation, due to the Theory of Relativity.

During time, the field propagates into the space and thus fills a steadily growing sphere, whose diameter increases with the speed of light. This field contains a well-defined energy-density and thus a well-defined total energy, which can be calculated according to the standard formulas from Physics textbooks. And due to the fact that the sphere is continuously growing, the total energy of the field is continuously growing. This means, that every electrical charge as well as every magnet emits energy into its field growing steadily. This sound really strange, because it gives us the impression, electrical charges and magnets should create permanently energy from somewhere. But this is of course nonsense, because it is impossible to create energy from anywhere. This would be like a perpetuum mobile, which is of course nonsense. A simple electron can not be a perpetuum mobile.

Of course the reality is, that the electrical charge or magnet has to be supported with energy from somewhere. And this “somewhere” has to be in contact with the charge or magnet in order to transfer the energy to it. For the charge or magnet produces the field also in the vacuum, this somewhere is the space itself. With other words: The charge or magnet has to be supplied with energy from vacuum surrounding the charge or magnet. This means that the charge or magnet converts energy from the quantum-vacuum, with which the charge or magnet is in contact. So every charge or magnet has to be regarded as a vacuum-energy converter, which permanently convers vacuum-energy into electrical or magnetical field energy. But then we face the question: Does the charge or magnet pump out the space ? It permanently extracts vacuum-energy from the space in order to convert it into field-energy. The answer is rather simple: Yes – it does, because the sum of all field-energies in the universe permanently grows, because the field-volume of every charge or magnet permanently grows. But there is another additional fact preventing that the space will lose all of its vacuum-energy very fast. During the propagation of the field, the space gets back some vacuum-energy from the field-energy. With other words: The propagation of the field is a vacuum-energy converter by itself, converting field-energy back into vacuum-energy. This can be illustrated by regarding a spherical shell around an electrostatic charge “Q”. Now let us concentrate this well-defined field-package, which is a closed volume. We follow the propagation of this spherical shell, so that the shell expands from the small inner radius to the large outer radius during time. We now calculate the energy within this closed package of field, as I showed it in scientific publication by the use of the appropriate volume-integrals, and we surprisingly find that the energy within this closed volume is definitely not constant.

Let us compare the situation with an air-balloon, which we blow up. And if we believe in rubber-conservation, the total amount of rubber should be constant during the expansion of the balloon. But the energy within this spherical shell is not conserved, but it is decreasing. This means that the field gives energy to the vacuum during propagation. From there we understand a circulation of energy: The electric charge or magnet converts energy from the quantum-vacuum into field-energy, and the space re-converts field-energy into vacuum-energy during the propagation of the field. Nevertheless this circulation is not completely closed, because the volume filled by the field is increasing during time permanently, and the


total field-energy is increasing during time, indicating that the energy-circulation as explained permanently loses some vacuum-energy into field-energy. This means that the total energy of the quantum-vacuum is permanently decreasing, a fact which perhaps might later be brought into combination with the accelerated expansion of the universe. By the way, it should be emphasized that Classical Electrodynamics, with Coulomb’s law as well as Biot-Savart’s law can only can only be as we know them, because there is the interaction with vacuum-energy.

This brings us to the question, whether we can find a method to extract some energy from the circulation between vacuum-energy and field-energy.

Before we soon bring our attention to an answer of this question, I first want to show an example how the circulation can work in the case of the magnetic field. The field flux lines of the magnetic field are to be constructed in a different way than the field flux lines of the electrostatic field, thus they have different shape. But the principle calculation of the energy-circulation can be done rather similar in both cases. Let us demonstrate this with the example of a straight conductor of infinite length. As soon as there is an electric current in this conductor, the field flux lines will follow the geometry as indicated in the picture.

Because the field flux lines have different shape, than in the electrostatic case, and because the propagation of the field follows cylindrical symmetry, the volume-integrals for the computation of the energy-circulation look different than in the electrostatic case. But the principle of the energy-circulation remains the same as in the electrostatic case. The volume-integrals are presented in some publications for Physicists. What we see is, that the magnet has to be supplied permanently with energy in order to be able to produce its magnetic field, and that the propagating field has to give energy permanently back to the vacuum, in order to allow the field strength to fulfill the law of Biot-Savart.


Those who enjoy the volume-integral can have a look to the example of the magnetic case. But those who enjoy to see the complete calculation can look into publications for Physicist-colleagues. Again we want to emphasize, that this energy-circulation of field-energy and vacuum-energy is also present at each permanent magnet. This makes it clear, that the energy-supply of the magnetic field does not depend on an electrical power supply activating an electrical current.

So we do not need to search for a vacuum-energy converter – we already have found it. Electrostatic charge as well as permanent magnets are vacuum-energy converters. All we have to search is a construction or an engine which allows us to extract some of the energy from the energy-circulation describe up to now. What we need is an answer to the question: Can we build a practical apparatus which extracts some energy from the described circulation ?

One of the most easy ways towards the solution can be achieved when we imagine the energy-flux of the circulation as some flow of streaming energy. Just compare it with an air-stream as it is produced by a propeller. The red field source, which is a flat disc containing some electrical charge on its surface, can be compared with a vacuum cleaner attracting air and dust. And the air-flux is going into the vacuum cleaner. This causes an attractive force bringing the blue rotor into rotation as indicated with the blue arrows. And the force of the electrostatic charge on the field source is the attractive in the same way as the force of the air-flux of the vacuum cleaner, so that the rotor rotates counter-clockwise.

The produced torque in the electrostatic case is rather small: If you look to the dimensions in the picture, you see a rotor of nearly half a meter of diameter, but the torque is only 12µNm. If you compare this with the wheel of a car, the geometrical dimension is in the same order of magnitude, but the torque is smaller by several orders of magnitude. I checked this torque with two different computer-programs of the “Finite Element Method”, one was a self-made algorithm and the other one was the commercial program ANSYS, and both came to the same result, which was also confirmed in the experiments reported soon. The fact that the torque is very small is not a problem for our first scientific experiment within fundamental Physics. But for technical applications we will have to find some different principle which produces much more torque and power-extraction from the vacuum-energy.

The attractive force is of course produced in a different way than the vacuum cleaner does. In the electrostatic case there is no air-blower. The attractive forces in the electrostatic case are to be understood by a method, which electrical engineers call the “image-charge method”. This is classical computation-method for engineers. Because Coulomb’s law already contains the conversion of vacuum-energy, this classical engineering computation can be used for our example. And due to the same reason, ANSYS also calculates the conversion of vacuum-energy.


We now want to illustrate the image-charge method. Just imagine an air-balloon which we can rub with a piece of leather in order to bring electrical charge onto the surface of the balloon. If we now approach the charged balloon towards the ceiling of the room we are sitting in, the balloon will be attracted when it is close enough to the ceiling, such as for instance with a distance of not more the 10 cm. The attraction comes from electrostatic forces, which can be calculated by the use of the image-charge method. The electric field flux lines are drawn in blue color, and they have to go into the surface of the ceiling always perpendicularly. And from this condition we can calculate the attractive Coulomb-forces.

If we use the image-charge method for this calculation, we can construct the mirror-image of the existing electrical charge as it drawn in green color, and then we construct the field flux lines for the configuration of charge and image-charge. Because the field flux lines between the original charge and the ceiling look the same, the Coulomb-forces between the original charge and the ceiling are also the same, so that we can calculate the Coulomb-forces between the air-balloon and the ceiling as the Coulomb-forces between the air-balloon and its mirror-image. This principle is, what electrical engineers call the image-charge method.

Many of us know this principle from childhood, when we rubbed a ruler to charge it electrically and then to attract little pieces of paper.

The rotor as shown above has a diameter of 46 cm, and this was my very first one to convert vacuum-energy. Because the calculations told me to expect very a small torque, I had to develop a very special type of bearing with very small forces of friction, so that the small torque will be large enough to rotate the rotor. A hydrostatic bearing is a very good choice for this purpose, so I put the rotor which some pieces of polystyrene on the surface of water. It is known that the friction of water will be very small, when the rotation goes not too fast.

Question: How can I get a hydrostatic bearing large enough for a rotor with a diameter of nearly half a meter with my extremely small financial budget, which I had to get from my private money. Answer: I put water into the shower base. This can be seen in the right side of the picture.

Because the forces and the torque are very small, the rotor had to be built very light-weighted. It was made of aluminum-foil on frame of Balsa-wood and had a weight of 8.7 metric Gramms. Three polystyrene floating-bodies have a weight of 0.56 metric Gramms per each.


When I put electrical charge on the field-source (I applied a voltage of 7000 Volts), the rotor adjusts its position in the minimum of the electrostatic potential below the field source, and then the rotation begins. I measured this rotation rather often. My historically first measurement is shown in the picture, which takes about one hour for about 10 turns of rotation. During this measurement, that self-made electrical power-supply could not keep the voltage constant, so that it began with 7000 Volts and came down to 4500 Volts during the hour of observation. This explains, why the rotation decreases its speed during the hour of observation.

Rotors with toe bearings have higher speed of rotation. The rotor shown in the picture here has a diameter of 15 cm and makes 4 rounds per minute with a voltage of 1100 Volts and 15 rounds per minute with a voltage of 1400 Volts.

Very small rotors with few centimeters of diameter can easily speed up to several rounds per second. And how about the reaction of the colleagues Physicists or Engineers ? They ask me to prove, that the rotation is not caused by the recoil of ionized gas atoms of the air. Such recoil is known under the name of Biefeld-Brown effect, and the opinion is, that I first have to demonstrate that my rotor is not driven by the Biefeld-Brown effect.

My very first and simple test was an alteration of the rotor-blades. Gas ions are generated in region of strong electrostatic field, this is close to the sharp edges of the rotor-blades. And from there they would be accelerated into the direction of the field flux lines. If I bend the edges of the rotor-blades into the opposite direction, the Biefeld-Brown effect should accelerate the rotor into the opposite direction. I tried it, but the rotor was accelerated into the normal direction, not confirming the Biefeld-Brown effect.


Thus a serious proof must be done: A vacuum-chamber is necessary, which allows to remove the gas ions. This can exclude the Biefeld-Brown effect for sure. This is the moment, when I visited the Otto-von-Guericke University in Magdeburg, because there I was allowed to use a laboratory with good vacuum-equipment. The picture shows a vacuum-chamber with a diameter of 10 cm and a rotor with a diameter of 51 mm, swimming on a special vacuum-oil with a very low vapor-pressure. This allowed us use a hydrostatic bearing inside the vacuum-chamber. The viscosity of the vacuum-oil is rather large, so that the rotor could rotate only very slow. But this is not a problem for the experiment, which was designed to an experiment of fundamental scientific analysis.

The field-source was mounted on the top-flange of the vacuum-chamber. And the top-flange was transparent, so that we could see the rotation with the eyes. The measuring-procedure is the following:

- Mount the rotor

- Close the vacuum-chamber

- Switch on the voltage to feed the field source

- Test the rotation with air inside the vacuum-chamber

- Switch on the vacuum-pumps

- Keep the voltage switched on

- At about 10 … 0.1 mbars we see many gas-ions (lightening) but

the rotors does not continue its rotation. The ions disturb the

rotation. This is in contradiction to the Biefeld-Brown effect. The

gas-ions are known from Paschen’s law.

- Further evacuation to 6∙10-5mbars. There the rotor will rotate

again.

At very low pressure, there are very very few gas atoms in the vacuum-chamber, so that there are almost not gas ions. Under this condition the rotation was verified. So the rotor works without the classical Biefeld-Brown effect. This is a clear disproof of the objections made by the colleagues. And do the colleagues react now ? Again they express doubt. They do not accept to reproduce my experiment. They do not accept to publish my results. They tell me, that I now have to prove that the rotor is not driven by any classical type of energy. I shall prove that driving by classical energy is impossible by principle – even if the effect responsible for the transportation of some driving classical energy is not yet known in Physics.

Who of you has an idea, how I can bring such a proof ? PAUSE – WAIT A BIT It is not as difficult as it sounds. PAUSE – WAIT A BIT I can perform a measurement of the power being supported and extracted.


If the power going into the rotor is smaller than the power of the mechanical rotation, the proof is clear. In principle the rotor should not take up any power at all, because it is not connected with the field source. But in reality the isolation is not perfect and thus some electrical charge might flow from somewhere into the rotor – using some path however. With an extremely sensitive Pico-Amperemeter, we can count how many electrons are flowing into the rotor. This leads us to a measurement of the electrical power-loss, due to imperfections of the real isolation. And this power will be compared with the mechanical power of the rotation of the rotor in the vacuum-oil. If the mechanical power is larger than the electrical power-loss, it is clear that the rotation does not have a classical source of energy. Finally we could prove this, so that the driving force coming from the vacuum-energy was verified. This will be described now as following:

With a fine torsion-balance, the mechanical power as a function of the speed of rotation, which is called the angular velocity, was measured. The practical realization of the torsion-balance had to be done with very low budget again, but a careful measurement was no problem, because I had holidays at this time. So after several weeks the results came to good precision.


The plot shows the mechanical power of the rotor as a function of the time per each rotation on the vacuum-oil. All the measuring-points have been taken independently from each other, and fit together to give a steady and smooth curve. The blue rectangles display the measuring uncertainty, which is indeed satisfactory. Please also take notice of the logarithmic scale. Obviously the power has a scale from about 100nanoWatts up to several hundred microWatts.

In the next picture you can see the original of the electrostatic rotor, which has been used in the experiment at the University of Magdeburg.

If we now plot the electrical power being applied versus the mechanical power being produced, we immediately see the conversion of vacuum-energy. The rotor is turning once per hour, and the electrical power-loss is 3 nanoWatts, but the mechanical power of the rotation is 150 nanoWatts. Please regard the logarithmic scale.


This means: If we need only 3 nanoWatts to drive the rotor which produces 150 nanoWatts, it is clear, that the rotor is not driven by any classical energy. The power-measurement is the proof for the exclusion of artifacts of classical energy supply. This is the verification of vacuum-energy.

By the way, it is interesting to speak about the demands to the electrical measurements. We had to measure an electrical power of remarkably less than 150 nanoWatts at a voltage of 30kV. So the current must be in the Pico-Ampere range. This is of course only possible in the vacuum, because under such conditions the conductivity of the air will disturb the proper isolation. Just keep in mind that the electrical current has to be kept remarkably below 5 picoAmperes.

That the reality of the measurement brought us down to less than 0.1 picoAmperes fulfuils this condition is a very satisfactory way. PAUSE – WAIT A BIT

When we do the usual Gauß’ian computation of the measuring uncertainties, the verification of the conversion of vacuum-energy is absolutely significant – far away from any doubts. PAUSE – WAIT A BIT

After I had verified the conversion of vacuum-energy with my own hands in a laboratory, I began to understand, that this is a new source of energy, which should be used by mankind, if we want to keep our planet “earth” as our habitat.

You remember the joke at the very beginning of this presentation: “Homo sapiens – this is not really a problem. You will overcome it soon.”

If we do not want to go this way, we will have to use vacuum-energy.


At least now I expected that the scientific community would try to work on this new knowledge. But the reality is different. There are no more colleagues who contradict, because the results are absolutely clear.

Instead of doubt I now experience phantastic suggestions how I should continue my work in order to find acceptance by the scientific community: - I should reproduce my experiment at temperatures below 1 Kelvin, in order to be sure that there are no thermodynamic effects driving the rotor.

- I should reproduce my experiment in „Space Shuttle“ in order to be sure that there are no effects of gravitation driving the rotor.

- Of the same reason, I should reproduce my experiment under enhanced gravity, for instance on the surface of the planet “Jupiter”. - There are plenty of further creative suggestions And all these experiments should be done first, before a publication at an approved Journal can be taken into consideration. Before such a publication can be done, it is also necessary, that some colleagues do some independent reproduction of all these experiments. Now I want to ask: How can colleagues get the information, that they can reproduce my experiments, if do not publish ? The goal of these grandiose suggestions is always the same: Just enhance the requirements so high, that no human being can ever achieve it. And if nevertheless any human being would achieve the goal – just further enhance the requirements, and the game will start again at its beginning. This is really grandiose: The vacuum-energy scientist can run endlessly in the gear-box, without getting any serious response – without producing anything useful – without help mankind to come out of the dilemma of energy supply. Sometimes I got the answer, that my work the usual professional styling, because I financed it from my small private budget. Colleagues do not like experiments without commercial styling. Well: Madame Marie Curie, did her discovery of the new chemical element, which she called Polonium at home in her kitchen. She put her nasturan into her cooking-pots at home to isolate radioactivity. It was not a commercial styling, so she got blood-cancer. I decided, not to follow the plan to build a Jupiter-station, because we do not need the solution of the energy-problem on the Jupiter. Thus I began to construct a clean vacuum-energy motor for the use on the planet “earth”. We need to get away from radioactivity and from oil and gas. We need to get away from combusting matter for energy-supply. The Jupiter-solution is not urgent. Now I did the theoretical construction of a clean and powerful vacuum-energy motor. At this point there are many possible investors, who offer help to me, such as following: I should away from my stable and permanent working-position in order to get the time to build a prototype of my vacuum-energy motor. And when the whole development will be ready, I am invited to present my complete results, so that the investor can get the patent for it, in order bring it to the market and profit on his own. The fact that I would be unemployed under such help is not important for the investor, because he does not need, he only needs my technology. For me this is very easy: I decided to pause or to cancel my work on vacuum-energy research, so that I have the time and the power to continue my permanent job, which I have now to earn the money to buy some food.


Now we come to the third part of the presentation.

I have been asked rather often, whether is would be possible to scale up my electrostatic rotor in order to produce a utilizable amount of power. The answer is a „YES“, but this doesn’t help very much, because the rotor would have to be extremely large, if we want to extract a useful amount of power.

With an electrostatic rotor of a diameter of 10 cm, driven with a voltage of 10 kiloVolts, we could produce about 1µWatt. Of course we could enhance the voltage remarkably, and rotor-diameter also, and we could pile several rotors on top of each other. For all these actions the table regards how they enhance the mechanical output-power. The values are estimated according to the fundamental proportionalities of theory, where the output-power “P” is proportional to the square of the voltage “U” and proportional to the square of the rotor-radius “R”. The last line, which comes to a power of about 100 kW, would request a rotor with a radius of 10 meters, this corresponds to a diameter of 20 meters, requesting a vacuum-chamber of about 40-50 meters. And the necessity to pile up 10 rotors on top of each other will cause a height of the vacuum-chamber of about 40-50 meters. Although it is possible to scale up the electrostatic rotor, it would be rather useless to build such a huge engine to produce only 100 kW. This does not look like the solution of the energy-problem of mankind. Thus I regard the electrostatic rotor as was designed from the very beginning: It is a fundamental experiment of basic physics. Its purpose is, to show to everybody, that vacuum-energy is definitivley existing and can be utilized.

Practical applications for technical purpose do not request an electrostatic principle but a magnetic principle. This has a rather obvious reason: An electrostatic field, with a field-strength as it can be made practically for technical applications of about 30kV/cm has an energy-density of only 40 J/m³. A magnetic field, with a field-strength practically achievable, such as for instance 2.0 Tesla has an energy-density of about 1.6 millions of J/m³.

The consequence is: If the energy-density of the magnetic field compared to the electrostatic field is stronger by a factor of about 40000, a magnetic rotor would need less volume by a factor of about 40000. Instead of a volume of 45 × 45 × 45 m³ for an electrostatic system with 100 kW, a comparable magnetic system would only need a volume of

1.30 × 1.30 × 1.30 m³ to produce 100 kW. This is only a bit more volume than a refrigerator, but the power is very

useful.

Not to forget: These are the values for the energy-density of the electrostatic and magnetic field for practical engines.

The power-density is very large, because the given energy passes the engine with the speed of light.


A completely different question is the energy-density of the electromagnetic zero-point waves of the quantum-vacuum. This is the energy of these waves within the vacuum.

I calculated this energy-density in one of my publications of Physics on the basis of quantum-electrodynamical considerations. The result can be traced back to fundamental constants of nature. The formula on the screen uses “me“ as the rest mass of the electron, “c” as the vacuum speed of light, „α“ as the constant of hyperfine-structure and „ħ“ as Planck’s quantum / 2π.

An energy-density of 1029 J/m³ makes clear, that every practical setup can only extract a very very small part of the zero-point energy of the quantum-vacuum. This extraction is so small, that the amout we take is far too small to be noticed within the universe.

Now we know, where we have to go: The presented electrostatic rotor is a fundamental experiment of physics, but for technical applications we have to invent a magnetic rotor. This will be our way towards to clean, inexhaustible und free energy-supply for everybody.

Therefore we want focus our attention to some considerations of quantum-electrodynamics regarding the propagation of the photon within electrical and magnetic fields. Here we can use the Lagrange’ian according to Heisenberg and Euler. This is not really understandable for laypersons, but physicists can derive from this expression, that photons do propagate a little bit slower in fields than in the vacuum without a field.

We now postulate that not only photons as excited quantum-states of electromagnetic waves follow this formula, but also the quantum-groundstates of electromagnetic waves, which are the zero-point waves, defining the vacuum-energy.

With other words: The larger an electrostatic or magnetic field-strength, the slower the electromagnetic zero-point waves within the region, where we have the field-strength. We can illustrate this at the example of an electrically charged sphere, of which the field-strength decreases with the square of the distance to the center of the sphere. With decreasing field-strength, the speed of propagation of the zero-point waves is less reduced, so that the zero-point waves are faster, if they run more distant to the center.


We can apply this knowledge to the electrical field strength in the picture, where the charge “Q” produces an electrical field. The field is only between the charge “Q” and the metallic plate, because the metallic plate shields the electric field. On the right side of the metallic plate, there is no field.

Consequently, the reduction of the wave-length as well as the enhancement of the frequency is not to be observed on the right side of the metallic plate. This causes a difference of the zero-point waves between the left side and the right side of the plate. On the right side, the wave-length is larger, so that the waves coming from the charge “Q” give energy to the metallic plate. The enhancement of the energy of the zero-point waves within the field relatively to the energy of the zero-point waves without any field corresponds to field’s energy, so that the metallic plate absorbs the field’s energy, when the field is passing by. This absorption of energy causes forces, which can be calculated by the use of the image-charge method and Coulomb’s law.

So we summarize:

Inside an electric or a magnetic field, the zero-point waves of the quantum-vacuum are less fast then in the vacuum without field.

This is the crucial point, which helps us to find a possibility, to take influence on the electrostatic and on the magnetic interaction between electrical charges resp. between magnets. And this influence will allow us to convert vacuum-energy.

To understand this, let us regard a sphere, drawn in green color, which might keep an electrical charge on its surface, but in the moment now there is not yet any electrical charge on this green sphere. The electromagnetic zero-point waves pass by without being influenced at all, because the green sphere does not yet produce any electrical field.

Now we bring some electrical charge on the surface of the green sphere, and of course the electrical charge is distributed homogeneously on the surface of the green sphere. From the moment on, when the sphere has some electrical charge, it produces a field and thus the zero-point waves go slower. Accordingly the frequency of the zero-point waves is enhanced. This is illustrated in the picture, as we see the blue wave, passing by when the field is present, goes with reduced wave-length. The fact that the blue wave goes slower causes a gap between the red wave and the blue wave. The red wave has the field-free speed of light, whereas the blue wave has the speed of light within a field.

Due to the difference of speed, the gap between the blue wave and the red wave grows as a function a time and propagation of the waves.

Now we remove the electrical charges from the sphere and then we regard the situation somewhat later. The zero-point waves now go with the field-free speed of light, what I illustrated again by the use of red color. This is the reason, why the gap is growing on the right side, whereas on the left an overlap between the red and the blue wave is occurring. The red wave simply is the faster one and begins to overtake.


And this is now the central important explanation: The gap between the red and the blue wave indicates, that there are no zero-point waves of the quantum-vacuum. There the Coulomb-field is missing totally. On the other hand, there is region, where we face a red and a blue wave, this is two zero-point waves of the quantum-vacuum at the same moment. At this moment, the Coulomb-field is doubled.

Here the gap between the red and the blue wave already has run out of our picture, but the overlap is increasing during time and propagation of the waves.

Finally we see the last moment, where the slow blue wave has nearly run out of our picture, but not completely. In this moment we see a rather large overlap between the red and the blue wave, because the red wave runs faster than the blue wave.

The crucial point is, that we take finiteness of the speed of propagation of the interacting fields into account. This is nothing very complicated, and we only follow the Theory of Relativity and the Lagrange’ian of Heisenberg and Euler. The consequence is, that Coulomb’s forces as well as the magnetic forces according to Biot-Savart and Lorentz do not only depend on the positions of the interacting partners, but also on their velocities. By the way, the forces of gravity have the same aspect. Physicists and engineers indeed know this, but normally they ignore it because of a simple approximation:

If we regard a classical engine, with a typical distance of interaction of few centimeters, we can calculate the time necessary for the propagation from one partner of interaction to the other one. The numerical example on the screen does this for a distance of interaction of 10 cm. The duration of propagation is only a fraction of a nanosecond in this case. This is so fast, that physicists and engineers say, it does not play a serious role when they construct practical engines.

This approximation is quite good for classical engines, but due to high-speed micro-processors, this approximation is not good for the design of modern micro-processors, where the signal speed in circuit has to be taken into account, even for the technology of fabrication.

Although the approximation has been regarded to be good during the past centuries, it has a tremendous and fatal consequence: It circumvents our view to vacuum-energy conversion. Vacuum-energy conversion needs to take the finite speed of propagation of the interactions into account. And as long, as we do not do this, we will not find vacuum-energy conversion at all.

This is a small approximation with a large consequence – because we first have to overcome it, before we find the way to build vacuum-energy converters.

Now we understood the crucial point, this means we can construct vacuum-energy converters as we like them.

We now want to regard two examples on this background, which allow us to understand the importance of the finite speed of propagation of the fields interaction.

The first example describes two electrical charges, which are moving towards each other in the one case and away from each other in the other case. We want to discuss both cases explicitly.

The second example describes two electrical charges, which are moving into some arbitrary directions relatively to each other. This has the consequence, that the force of interaction even can deviate from the line connecting both partners of interaction.


Please have a look to two partners of interaction which we enumerate by the numbers “1” and “2”. At the moment ta, partner no.1 is at the position x1,a and partner no.2 is at the position x2,a. This part of the interaction-field emitted from partner no.1, which is running towards partner no.2 at the moment ta is marked with a red arrow. It will reach partner no.2 at the time tc .

If we would calculate the force of interaction using the static law, not taking the finite propagation-speed of the interaction into account, partner no.2 at the moment tc would feel a distance of interaction according to the green arrow. But in reality, partner no.2 at the moment tc feels a distance of interaction according to the blue arrow, because this is the real distance, which the interaction-field had to pass.

Because the forces of interaction depend on the distance of propagation, the exact consideration with finite propagation-speed of the interaction leads us to force different from the result of the approximation.

The forces of gravitation as well as electrostatic and magnetic forces decrease with the square of the distance between the both interacting partners. For such type of forces an exact consideration will lead for our two bodies approaching to each other to reduced interaction-forces in comparison to the static approximation.

The opposite case is seen, when the partners of interaction are moving away from each other. When the field of interaction of partner no.1 (red arrow) is moving to the right side, partner no.1 runs to the left side. At the moment tc the static approximation of infinite propagation-speed of the interaction leads to a distance of interaction according to the long green arrow, whereas the exact consideration leads to a distance of interaction according to the short blue arrow. In this case, the fact that the partners are moving away from each other, enhances the forces of interaction.

The second example, which we want to regard, allows motions of the partners of interaction into arbitrary directions, not necessarily parallel to each other. This makes us understand the importance of the considerations taking the propagation-speed of the interactions into account.


The very simplest case within this example is the static case, where the partners of interaction are in rest. I use the expression “static” for the approximation neglecting the propagation-speed of the interactions. This simple approximation is the contents of Newton’s law of gravitation and it is the same approximation within Coulomb’s law.

A more precise consideration is given by Nikolai Kozyrev, who did not speak about “vacuum-energy” as a property of space, but about time-energy as a property of time. I am not going to discuss the details of Kozyrev’s model here, but I want to mention one of his many results. The vectors of the forces of interaction do not necessarily point to each other, but they can be parallel to each other.

The third case, which I explained here, is the most universal description, which can lead to the consequence of vectors of interaction even not parallel to each other. This finally gives us the possibility to convert vacuum-energy.

In order to illustrate my conception, I invite you to look to two partners of interaction, which produce fields with spherical symmetry. This means the fields of interaction are emitted homogeneously into all directions. Now let us regards the example that the left partner moves straight upward and the right partner moves straight downward, and they do this with different absolute values of their speed. And please keep the red arrows for one part of field of interaction in remembrance.

Now let some time pass by and look to the situation a little bit later. The left partner has moved downwards and the right partner upwards. The red arrows indicating a special part of the field of interaction already did some way away from their source, but they did not yet reach the other partner of interaction.

If we regard the situation even more later, we come to the moment, when both red arrows arrive at their partners.

Now we can see, which force of interaction each partner experiences. Obviously the forces do not point into the directions, at which the partners are in this moment. But the force of interaction depends not only on the position of the partners like it would be in the static consideration. Also the trajectory of the partners have to be taken into account.

We now want to think, whether we can find a way, to use our dynamic laws of interaction, taking the finite speed of propagation of the interactions into account, to help us to convert vacuum-energy into interaction-energy.


Nikola Tesla said with regard to the construction of a vacuum-energy converter:

“It is not difficult – you just have to know exactly how to build it.”

Indeed it is not difficult. You just have to take two electrically charged bodies or two magnets and connect them with a spring.

If the both bodies move towards each other, we have the reduction of the Coulomb-forces or magnet-forces as explained above. But if the both bodies move away from each other, the Coulomb-forces or magnet-forces are enhanced – in comparison with the static consideration that is not taking the propagation of the interacting fields into account.

The trick is now:

If we strain the spring and then allow an oscillation, they would not be harmonic due to magnetic of electrostatic forces. This is even the case under static consideration, but under dynamic consideration we have an additional possibility. We can adjust the stiffness of the spring in such a way, that the speed of motion of the bodies corresponds to the speed of motion of the interaction-fields, so that both of them come into resonance in the same moment. The adjustment has to be done very carefully and very precisely, and then we can achieve the situation, that during those moments, when the spring force is attractive, the attractive magnet-force is enhanced, and during those moments, when the spring force is repulsive, the attractive magnet-force is reduced. (The magnet-force is always in the same direction.)

By this trick it is possible to enhance the amplitude of the oscillation without giving classical energy into the system. The energy within the oscillating system permanently increases, being supplied from the vacuum-energy.

In the static consideration, without the finite propagation-speed of the electric or magnetic field, the deflection would be periodically. In the plot we have to imagine the bodies moving along the blue and red curve, whereas the spring goes straight upward between the both bodies. Obviously the static classical approximation follows the conservation of classical energy perfectly.

In the dynamic consideration, taking the finite propagation-speed of the electric or magnetic field into account, the deflection can gain energy from the vacuum and enhance the amplitude without being supplied with classical energy. When the oscillating bodies reach a speed which interferes with the speed of interaction in some special way, the gain of vacuum-energy can run into saturation.


In the opposite way around, the dynamic consideration can have the consequence, that classical mechanical energy of the oscillation is converted into vacuum-energy. The decrease of the amplitude in our numerical example can be achieved without any mechanical friction. This is not the mode of operation of a useful engine, but it is only a demonstration, that the conversion of energy between vacuum-energy and classical energy can be done in both directions.

The computation-method, which I called DFEM, „Dynamic Finite Element Method“, due the dynamic behavior of the interaction-fields is demonstrated in several publications in Physics. It goes back to a coupled system of inhomogeneous differential equations, which are of second order for our oscillations. The solution can not be done analytically but only numerically by iteration.

The problem with regard to the conversion of vacuum-energy is, that the speed of propagation of the interaction is much larger than the speed of the mechanical motion of the bodies, so that the mechanical parameters and magnetical parameters can hardly be adjusted to each other. Thus the converted power is only in the range of picowatts, maximum in the range of few nanowatts.

Obviously the system needs some changes. We need an additional good idea and invention.

This good idea comes from the control of the speed of propagation of the interaction.

When we take electrically charged spheres and connect them not only with a spring but also with a conductive wire, which can be formed as a coil, we can make the electrical charge oscillate between the both bodies.

For the theoretical simulation this is not very complicated, because the both bodies just are the plates of a capacitor. And the capacitor-plates are connected with a coil. This is an LC-oscillation-circuit. The computation of an LC-oscillation-circuit is topic of lectures for beginner students. You see, it is not complicated.

But now there is a complication: The capacity is not constant, because the capacitor-plates oscillate relatively to each other. This makes the coefficients of the differential-equations for the description of the oscillation time-dependent. But only the mathematical treatment will become complicated. The conversion of vacuum-energy will become possible. In the moment the coefficients of the differential-equations become time-dependent, we get this possibility.

I want to summarize this with simple words: The mechanical connection between the capacitor-plates allows the conversion of vacuum-energy.

For the practical operation, that adjustment of the mechanical resonance to the electrical resonance is not very easy, but both resonances must coincide for proper operation to convert vacuum-energy. For this reason, I gave the system the name “EMDR“ for “Electro- Mechanical Double Resonance“ converter, just because two resonance have to be adjusted to each other.

The control of the propagation-speed of the interaction is done by the means of the electrical oscillation-circuit.


The enhancement of the amplitude without classical energy-supply is very clear in this example. But we see, that the electrical amplitude is enhanced much more than the mechanical amplitude. The problem is the stiffness of the spring connecting the capacitor-plates. This restricts the conversion of vacuum-energy to the nanowatt-range, maximum to few Microwatts, depending on the dimension of the system-parameters.

At first I thought, that I could solve the problem by finding a new method to extract energy from the electrical circuit, but I found that this was not practicable. The problem really comes from the limitation of the mechanical oscillation.

The solution to the problem is astonishingly easy: If something is disturbing, we have to remove it. Our disturbing component is the spring – so remove it. But we have to adopt the other parts of the system.

If we remove the spring within the capacitor, we will no longer have the variable capacity. Nevertheless we need the time-dependency of the coefficients in the differential-equation-system, otherwise we could not have an influence on the vacuum-energy.

Removing the disturbing spring makes it necessary to find some other component to realize the variability of the coefficients in the differential-equation-system.

There are not many components which could this job. Our whole setup consists only of one capacitor and one coil. We cannot use the capacitor, so we have to use the coil. So the question is: How can we influence the coil ?

The variability of the coil can be made with the use of a magnet, rotating inside the coil. Different from the oscillation, the rotation does not need a spring, and the frequency of the rotation can be change more easily the frequency of an oscillation. Nevertheless the rotation is nothing more than two superposed oscillations in more than one dimension.


The enhancement of the amplitude without classical energy input is now very efficient. We start the rotation with an initial value, coming from a starter-motor, and then we disconnect the starter-motor and allow the system to increase the amplitude by alone. The plot demonstrates, how the electrical current increases within the very first second of operation of the ZPE-converter.

Please do not forget, that all diagrams from EMDR-converters presented here are theoretical results. I do not have a possibility to build a prototype of an EMDR-converter, because I do not have the infrastructure to begin such a work. Although I am experimentalist, I do not have technical equipment or time for an experiment not. By the way, the quick alteration of the electrical current shoes us, that we have a very special AC-generator. If your computer-screen has resolution high-enough, and I would plot the diagrams with the same resolution, you could see the quick oscillation of the current.

But not only the electrical energy within the system increases during the operat-ion, but also the mechanical speed of rotation. You can see this when you regard the angular velocity of the rotating magnet.

Very impressive is the enhancement of the energy-sum of the total classical energy within the system.


The coil, within which the magnet rotates, has a diameter of 9 cm and a height of 6.8 cm. This is not very much if we know, that the converted power is in the range of 1 kilowatt. This shows us, that the power-density of the vacuum-energy motor is quite good. Thus we can say: This is now the design for practical applications. Furthermore the setup is developed with realizable system-parameters, so that it is indeed possible to build up a prototype. It is not important, that I do not have the possibility to realize this prototype. Important is only that somebody will do it, because mankind needs vacuum-energy.

In order to enhance the precision of the computer-simulation, I further developed my DFEM-algorithm in a way, that it allows to simulate every vacuum-energy motor by principle. I gave a source-code and demonstrated its use in scientific publications, and the demonstration with an example of magnet-converter as shown in the picture now. There a cylindrical bar magnet is rotating between two coils.

In meantime, I did my theoretical developments so far, that I have the complete theory of vacuum-energy conversion. It is published in scientific articles. On the basis of this theory it is possible to simulate arbitrary ZPE-converters and to calculate how they can be used for the conversion of zero-point energy. The algorithm which I developed on the basis of my theory is the DFEM-algorithm as described above. If can simulate converters with motion as well as motionless-converters.

I also simulated my EMDR-converter with the DFEM- algorithm. The picture see now is such a converter with a bar magnet and a coil consisting of 9 windings. The setup has practical reasons for the efficient realization as a prototype. The bar magnet has a length of 10 cm, which can be bought rather inexpensive. The coil has a cross-section of 10 cm x 12 cm. The copper wire is drawn in blue color with a material thickness of 10 mm, because the Ohm’s resistance has to be really small and the electrical current is rather large. To use only 9 windings will restrict the voltage-amplitude to about 200 Volts, and the current to about 60 Amperes. Therefore, the copper wire is thick enough.

The technical data of the system are: capacitor: 101.7 μFarad load resistor 640 milliOhm rotation: 30000 rpm for the starter, 30100 rpm in operation electrical power extraction 52 Watts mechanical power extraction 528 Watts The complete set of system-parameters consists of several dozens of values, which are written in scientific publications.


One of the results of the DFEM-simulation is the fact, that the EDMR-magnet-converter needs mechanical load in order to become able to convert vacuum-energy.

Without mechanical load, no conversion of vacuum-energy. Without mechanical load, the system runs into saturation at a constant speed of rotation, and this speed is kept even under mechanical load, so that the converted power is just as much as the mechanical load requires. Only if the mechanical load would be too large, the system would be damped down to standstill.

The reason for the necessity of a mechanical load is, that the system needs a phase shift between the electrical oscillation and the mechanical rotation. This phase shift is necessary, that the magnetic field produced by the coil will accelerate the rotating magnet just in the moment, when the coil’s field is especially strong, but it will decelerate the rotating magnet in these moments, when the coil’s field is especially weak.

This explanation can not be understood without graphical help. Thus I prepared a series of pictures to make the explanation understandable. The oscillation within the electrical circuit, consisting of one capacitor and one coil makes the electrical energy within the electrical circuit move back and forth between the magnetic field of the coil and the electrostatic field of the capacitor. This is done exactly two times per each period of oscillation, because the capacitor-plates are charge alternating positive and negative, and the magnetic field of the coil is alternating “North” and “South”-poles.

In those moments, when the field-energy is within the coil, the magnet is accelerated remarkably. But in those moments, when the field-energy is within the capacitor, the deceleration of the magnet is weak.

Let us first regard the case of optimum beneficial phase-shift, which causes a strong rotation. We can understand this operation, when we regard a series of eight moments following after each other. They are shown in pictures with numbers from 1-8.

The capacitor is drawn in purple color, and the electrical charge on the capacitor-plates is marked with positive and negative algebraic signs. We will use the convention to draw the more algebraic signs the more charge we have in the capacitor. If the charge is flowing within the LC-circuit, a black arrow shows the direction of the flux, where the charge has to flow through the coil drawn in blue color. This causes an electric current, which produces a magnetic field, which is symbolized with letters in red and greed, „N“ and „S“. The number of letters again represents the field-strength. Now let us begin our explanation with picture no. 1. At the moment t1, the capacitor still contains a little bit of electrical charge, but another part of the electrical charge is flowing through the coil, producing a slight magnetic field. Following the polarity of the magnetic field of the coil and of the permanent magnet, there is a torque, accelerating the permanent magnet clockwise.

In picture no. 2., the capacitor is completely discharged, so that the field-energy is completely in the coil. The magnetic field has its maximum now. Thus the torque accelerating the permanent magnet is rather strong now with an acceleration also clockwise.


In picture no. 3, the magnetic field begins to decrease, but due to the orientation of the permanent magnet there is not torque and acceleration of the rotation at all.

If the magnetic field would not be decreased down to zero in picture no.4, there would be a torque to decelerate the rotation of the permanent magnet. But this does not happen, because the field-energy is completely within the capacitor. The fact that the coil has no magnetic field now can be seen from the missing letter “North” and “South” at the coil.

In picture no.4, the capacitor was charged maximal. Now in picture no.5, we can see that the capacitor already discharge a little bit. The situation reminds to picture no.1, but the electrical current is flowing into the opposite direction. Thus the magnetic field of the coil has the opposite direction than in picture no.1, same as the rotating permanent magnet has the opposite direction than in picture no.1. So the permanent magnet is also accelerated clockwise now. In picture no.5, the magnetic field of the is increasing, and it comes to its maximum in picture no.6.

Picture no.6 corresponds to picture no.2, and due to the orien-tations of the magnet and the field, the accelerating torque is clockwise also now.


Picture no.7 corresponds to picture no.3. There is still a small magnetic field in the coil, but it makes no torque due to the orientation of the magnet.

In analogy to picture no.4, we see picture no.8. There is no decelerating torque, because the electrical charge is now completely in the capacitor and no charge is in the coil. The complete series of moments now will come back to picture no.1 after picture no.8, so the operation continues cyclically. The acceleration of the rotation of the permanent magnet will be continued as long as the phase-difference between the position of the magnet and the oscillating fields in the LC- oscillation-circuit is existing.

The opposite way around is the operation without any conversion of vacuum-energy. This will happen, when the phase-shift has a disadvantageous value. We want to regard this now. Please start with picture no.1, where the permanent magnet experiences a slight acceleration clockwise. But this acceleration is compensated in picture no.3 exactly. Furthermore we see picture no.2 without acceleration because of the orientation of the magnet, and picture no.4 without acceleration because the coil does not produce any magnetic field in this moment. Finally we see, that the total acceleration in sum over pictures no.1-4 is zero.


The same argumentation as we had over pictures no.1-4, comes again for the pictures no.5-8. Finally we conclude, that this operation does not provide any accelerating torque to the rotating magnet. The magnet has the same frequency and phase as the electric LC-circuit, and now we have the situation, that the magnet can not overtake. In this operation, there is no conversion of vacuum-energy.

The fact that the rotating magnet can never overtake the electrical oscillation, even without mechanical load, gives security to the operation, because it is not possible that the magnet comes to too fast rotation. As soon as the magnet would enhance its speed of rotation, the phase-shift would disappear, and the rotating magnet will no longer be accelerated. The optimum phase-shift for a maximum of power being converted from vacuum-energy is 45°. But this will not be kept constant if the EMDR-converter is loaded only electrically. A phase-shift can only be maintained by the application of mechanical load.

The fact that the system indeed converts vacuum-energy, and the classical energy is not constant, can be proven most easily by setting up and solving the system of differential-equations. Because we have time-dependent coefficients, a gain of amplitude is possible without supply of classical energy. This means, that the system can only be understood, as soon as the energy-conservation is calculated, taking classical energy in to account as well as vacuum-energy.

The mathematical background with all the differential-equations is published in scientific articles. Here we only speak about few of the central results.

The starting procedure of the EMDR vacuum-energy converter is done by bringing the rotating permanent magnet into an initial rotation. From there, some electrical voltage is induced into the coil, so that some energy is inserted into the electrical LC-circuit. From there on, the system is self-running, without classical energy being necessary.

Angular velocity of the rotation of the permanent magnet, this is the speed of rotation. At the beginning we see how the electrical LC-circuit extracts energy from the rotation of the magnet. But soon the conversion of vacuum-energy will bring the system into stable rotation.

As can be seen, the starter motor has to initialize the motion with a speed of rotation not far below the operational speed of rotation. The conversion of vacuum-energy is efficient enough that even after a bit more than half of a rotation, the magnet is faster than at the beginning and additional it gave some energy into the electrical LC-circuit. The operation with constant speed of rotation is observed under a constant mechanical load.


A control of the mechanical load allows the rotor to come into stable operation very quick.

If we plot the value of the electrical charge in the capacitor, which is proportional to the voltage over the capacitor, we see the AC-voltage, with the frequency of the mechanical rotation. This frequency is so high, that we can see only the envelope of the curve. But if we plot the time-scale with high-resolution and with a zoom, we see a clear AC-shape. A charge amplitude of 0.02 Coulomb at a capacity of about 100µF leads us to a voltage of about 200 Volts over the capacitor. By the way, the voltage over the coil has a rather similar amplitude.

The current in the coil has an amplitude of about 60 Amperes, the frequency is the same as the frequency of the rotating magnet with a bit more than 500 Hz. Obviously the transient part of the operation is only of short duration, so that the system goes rather fast into a stable mode of operation.


The total energy within the system, as the sum of the electrical energy and of the energy of the rotation of the magnet, represents the transient part of the operation very clearly, as we know it from the angular velocity. The fact that the speed of rotation goes to a constant value has its reason in the fact, that we permanently extract mechanical and electrical energy from the system. In the stable operation, the extracted mechanical and electrical power is constant during time, as well as the amount of vacuum-energy being converter per time interval.

With the system presented here, containing a magnet with a length of 10 cm and a coil of a geometrical dimension compatible to the magnet’s length, the DFEM-computation example makes us expect a mechanical power extraction of about 530 watts and an electrical power extraction of about 52 watts. All together we see the concept of a vacuum-energy motor with a diameter of about 10 cm and a power conversion of a bit less the 600 watts. For the motor is a self-running engine, the power is completely extracted from the quantum-vacuum.

In principle it should be possible to manufacture an EMDR-converter as presented here – if the infrastructure and the conditions are available, such as for instance: - the necessary time to work - a mechanical workshop - tools to manufacture the electronic components - skilled coworkers for mechanical and electronical work - an equipped laboratory with measuring devices and und facilities for research - personal support at practical work - a budget for the necessary material For I do not have any of these components, I am not in the situation to build a prototype of my EMDR vacuum-energy converter. Of this reason, I can only hope, that some of my colleagues will bring my theoretical concept into praxis. Therefore I will now speak about some practical hints to make the work of my colleagues easier.

One of the problems of the practical manufacturing of a prototype is the high speed of rotation. In our example here we have a rotating bar magnet with 30100 rounds per minute. For all components besides the coil and the magnets must be non-ferromagnetic and non-conductive, it is not trivial to organize an appropriate bearing.

An strong reduction of the speed of rotation can be achieved, if the bar magnet is replaced by an array of many single magnets, so that each mechanical turn causes many oscillations of the magnetic pole close to the coil. This gives us the possibility to have the mechanical frequency much smaller than the electrical frequency in the LC-circuit. A bar magnet has two changes of the pole (north and south) per each turn, but a ring with 40 magnets has 40 or 80 changes of the pole per each turn (depending on the orientation of the magnets). The speed of the mechanical rotation is reduced by the same factor, so that an electrical frequency of 30100 rpm would be in agreement with a mechanical frequency of 30100 / 40 = 752.5 rpm only. This should solve the problem of high frequency rotation.


The single magnets can be fixed

with special units, which allow

a geometrical adjustment in the

experiment.

Details are also written in

scientific publications.


Now, that I show concrete technical drawings to everybody, I hope

very much, that some colleagues, who have the possibility, will build

a prototype. I don’t have the time to give individual advice to people

asking technical or physical details, but I would be very glad, if

colleagues who have some results will let me know.

I have worked on the fundaments of physics, but I also made plans

for a technical construction. If there will not be any colleague

building a prototype of the vacuum-energy converter, I will not feel

guilty because of unclean energy supply in technical praxis.

Resumée --> The result of the work is:

- Mankind can utilize vacuum-energy.

- A fundamental proof for the usability of vacuum-energy is

presented on university level.

- Working prototypes of vacuum-energy motors already exist on our

earth. We have even heard of one sample with certificates of

honorable institutes such as German TÜV and American

Underwriter Laboratories. But these engines are still not ready for

series-production to supply mankind. But it should be possible to get

this last step of development now.

- In ordert to find a way to handy and powerful vacuum-energy motors, we developed a theory of vacuum-

energy conversion. On the basis of this theory we developed the theoretical construction of a powerful vacuum-

energy motor.

- Furthermore we took care, that our construction, which we call EMDR-converter is not much more expensive

than a normal electromotor as you can buy it in every supermarket.

- Thus the way into the utilization of the zero-point energy of the quantum-vacuum is visible.

- Vacuum-energy is clean, does not pollute the environment at all, is free for everybody and is inexhaustible.

- Its only disadvantage is, that it is not expensive like classical conventional energy-sources, such as gas, oil and

nuclear energy. Thus its exploration is not endorsed by the energy-industry.

- Consequently its exploration can only be done by independent researchers of by private inventors.

- Only if a majority of people ask for the clean and free energy, it will be possible to get enough support for

scientists, that its utilization can be made possible. If people do not ask for clean and free energy, nobody will

get it. The market only produces, what people are asking for.

- By the way: For those branches in industry who have to buy energy, vacuum-energy will be a tremendous push

for economic growth. This is the main part of industry. So we can conclude that vacuum-energy will bring

many new places of work for many people. This is also a realistic goal: Everybody will have work if vacuum-

energy will come to be breakthrough technology.

Thus the way towards the sustainment of our planet is much easier than many people can imagine today:

- Tell you friends what you have seen now. Spread the knowledge of free and clean energy everywhere.

- When a majority of people will know about the free and clean energy, we will get it, and then we will not have to pay

for electricity or gasoline any further, and not for heating of rooms. Than pollution of our environment will become a

topic of history.

Documents

Vacuum-energy Colour-slide presentation, O. and C. Turtur, page 1