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VACciNES
VACCINES
• Substance that upon injection into an animal, stimulate an immune response
• 2 main types– Modified-live– Killed
MODIFIED-LIVE
• Altered forms of specific antigens that are similar enough to the original disease-causing agent to cause a strong immune response without causing the disease
KILLED
• Disease-causing agents that are inactivated by heat, chemical or mechanical means.
• Immunity developed is generally weaker than a modified-live
• Possibility that animal is allergic to compound used to destroy the disease-causing agent
DISEASES TO VACCINATE FOR
• DOGS– Bordetella (kennel cough)– Coronavirus– Distemper– Infectious hepatitis– Leptospirosis– Lyme disease– Parainfluenza– Parvovirus– rabies
• CATS– Feline calicivirus– Feline leukemia virus– Feline viral rhinotracheitis– Panleukopenia– rabies
MEDICATION
ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION
• Different ways of administering based on type of medication and how fast the animal needs to get it
• Pill for heartworms can be given orally; drug to prevent shock should be given IV since it is a life or death situation
COMMON ROUTES
• Oral• Nasal• SubQ-subcutaneous (under the skin)• IM-intramuscular (in the muscle)• IP-intraperitoneal (in the abdominal cavity)• IV-intravenous (in the vein)
• Most are given SubQ or IM
Oral
Sub-Q (subcutaneous)
IM (intramuscular)
Nasal
IP(intraperitoneal)
IV (intravenous)
Routes of Administration
NEEDLES & SYRINGES
NEEDLES & SYRINGES
• Come in many shapes & sizes
• Need to be familiar with them so the appropriate type and size are used for every procedure
NEEDLES
• Different sizes called, gauges– Smaller the gauge, larger the needle
• Common gauges– 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27
• Large gauge (16, 18, 20)– Horses, Swine, Cattle
• Small gauge (21, 22, 23, 25, 27)– Cats, Dogs, Exotics
SYRINGES
• Come in various sizes, most common– Insulin, 1, 3, 5, 12, 20, 35, 60 ml
• 1 ml are called tuberculin syringes• Smallest syringe is the insulin-comes with
attached needles and are measured in units
SYRINGE TIP
• Leur-Lok tip-has a threaded tip to hold needle securely
• Slip tip-this is the standard syringe tip• Eccentric tip-used to administer angle for
IV injections• Catheter tip-used to administer oral
medications and liquefied food
FILLING A SYRINGE
• Should have no air bubbles (can cause disturbances in blood circulation and even death)
• Should be filled to correct amount