V Seminário Internacional Sobre Remediaçaoseminario.ekosbrasil.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/5... · 2018-02-23 · V Seminário Internacional Sobre Remediaçao e Revitalizaçao

DR. EISELE

Investigation of ground water contamination

2007-11-07 page 1

Aspects of investigation and remediation of ground water contamination in connection with brownfield

revitalization

Götz Heckmann

Environmental and Engineering Consultants Dr Eisele, Germany

V Seminário Internacional Sobre Remediaçaoe Revitalizaçao de Áreas Contaminadas

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 2

• Short presentation of Dr Eisele group of companies

• Methods of ground water investigation

• Examples (case studies) for hydraulic remediation in connection with brownfield revitalization

Structure

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 3

Environmental and

construction engineering consultants

Dr. Eisele mbHEngineering consultants

Dr. G. Hafner mbH

Operating and holding companyDr. Eisele mbH & Co. KG

Planning and project

development companyDr. Eisele

mbH

Dr Eisele group of companies (1)

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 4

Dr Eisele group of companies (2)

USA

Mexico

Europe

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 5

• A lot of large-scale brownfields can not decontaminated completely due to costs

• The revitalization of such brownfields can be achieved if the remediation measures are limited to the prevention of hazards

Statements (1)

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2007-11-07 page 6

• In the majority of contamination cases, ground water pollution causes the need for action

• The prevention of hazards concerning the ground water only is achievable if the transport mechanisms and the distribution of contaminants in the water logged zone is clarified

Statements (2)

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 7

This presentation deals with methods of ground water investigation and the implementation of hydraulic remediation methods (safeguarding and decontamination) in connection with brownfield remediation.

Subject of presentation

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 8

• Detailed investigation of the aquifer

– aquifer structure

– aquifer boundaries

– hydraulic parameters

• Detailed investigation of groundwater contamination

– contaminant concentration distribution

Investigation steps (1)

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 9

• Validation by numerical groundwater flow and transport modeling

– verified information of groundwater contamination (immission)

– verified information of contaminant mass fluxes (emission)

– base for the calculation of hydraulic remediation scenarios

Investigation steps (2)

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 10

Hydraulic tests like• pumping tests

• injection tests

• slug & bail tests

• borehole tests with packers (slug-, drill-stem- or pulse-tests)

Tools for detailed investigation of the aquifer (1)

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2007-11-07 page 11

Tools for detailed investigation of the aquifer (2)

Aquifer diagnostics by interpreting the test draw-down or build-up data using the most modern methods of oil industry

• plot of draw-down or build-up data within double logarithmic scale

• identification of the aquifer model using the typical gradient of the first derivative

• accurate determination of hydraulic parameters by type curve fitting

• determination of well quantities (well bore, storage, Skin)

• determination of aquifer boundaries

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 12

Principle of aquifer diagnostics (1)

log time

log

draw

-dow

n

draw-down data

first derivative

Horizontal line indicates infinite acting radial flow in an ideal aquifer

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 13


log time

log

draw

-dow

n

draw-down data

first derivative

The typical slope in late time data with the gradient of -1 indicates the influence of a recharge boundary like a river or lake

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 14


log time

log

draw

-dow

n

draw-down data

first derivative

Typical slopes in late time data with the gradients up to +1 indicate barrier boundaries, parallel barrier boundaries (like channels) or closed groundwater reservoirs

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 15

Classical approach: groundwater samples out of observation wells

advantages: - fast, direct

disadvantages: - many observation wells needed

- for the gaps between wells only interpolation possible

Variants for a detailed investigation of groundwater contamination (1)

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2007-11-07 page 16

Variants for a detailed investigation of groundwater contamination (2)

Modern approach: determination of contaminant mass fluxes by integral pumping test analysis

advantages: - total mass flux and concentration distribution can be obtained

- no interpolation of point scale concentration measurements is needed

- fewer observation wells necessary

disadvantages: - pumping tests and - if necessary -- cleaning of the discharge needed

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 17

0

5

10

15

20

0 1 2time [d]

Cp

plume

wellcatchment area

Principle of integral pumping tests

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 18

enbQtrπt)( =;

)()(arccos2

)()(arccos

)()(arccos2

1

1

1

1

−

−

=−

−

=

−∑

i

i

i

k i

k

i

kki

i

trtr

trtr

trtrCxCp

Cxπ

020406080

100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10r [m]

Cx

0

5

10

15

20

0 1 2t [d]

Cp

Analytical inversion for infinite radial flow, groundwater velocity negligible, after TEUTSCH et al. (2000)

Result: plume with a concentrationof 90 in a distance 5-8 m form the pumped well

Principle of analytical inversion

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 19

source

control plane 1 control plane 2groundwaterflow

Principle of source detection

well1

well2

well3

well4

plume

integral pumping tests

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 20

Case study: integral groundwater investigation Ravensburg (SW-Germany) (1)

Project data• 1,000,000 m² area, recently or formerly used by industry

(engine construction industry, gas plant, metal working, chemical industry), gas stations, dry-cleanings, disposal sites, residential areas

• known and assumed ground water contamination by HVHH, PAH, HC, BTEX, phenol, cyanide and heavy metals

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 21


Tasks• detection and assessment of ground water contamination

in connection with urban planning and site revitalization• evaluation of contaminant emission (ground water)• discrimination of contaminant plumes • allocation of plumes to potential impact-areas and

pollution emitters• identification of areas without ground water impact

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 22


Methods• numerical ground water flow and transport model for

planning the investigations, validation of the results and backtracking the determined groundwater pollution to emitters

• integral pumping tests and test analysis tools

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 23Schussen riv

er

Engine construction industry(known pollution)

Chemicals stock(unknown pollution)

Dry cleaner(unknown pollution)

How the method works ...

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 24

050

100150

200250

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7time [days]

C [µ

g/l]

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7time [days]

C [µ

g/l]

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7time [days]

C [µ

g/l]

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7time [days]

C [µ

g/l]

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50

100

150

200

250

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C [µ

g/l]

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50

100

150

200

250

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7time [days]

C [µ

g/l]

0

200

400

600

800

1000

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C [µ

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0

50

100

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C[µ

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0

50

100

150

200

250

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7time [days]

C [µ

g/l]

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7time [days]

C [µ

g/l] 0

50

100

150

200

250

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7time [days]

C [µ

g/l]

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40distance from well [m]

C [µ

g/l]

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 5 10 15 20 25 30distance from well [m]

C [µ

g/l]

0

50

100

150

200

250


C [µ

g/l]

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500


C [µ

g/l]

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500


C [µ

g/l]

0

50

100

150

200

250


C [µ

g/l] 0

50

100

150

200

250


C [µ

g/l] 0

50

100

150

200

250


C [µ

g/l]

0

50

100

150

200

250


C [µ

g/l]

0

50

100

150

200

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C [µ

g/l]

0

50

100

150

200

250


C [µ

g/l]

Engine con-struction industr(known pollution

Chemicals stock(unknown pollution)

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 25

Case study: revitalization of a former industrial site in Romania (1)

• 197.000 m²• Former use as fuel storage site• Located in the northern part of

Bucharest• Close to lakes• Close to the Airports• Future development area

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2007-11-07 page 26


Aerial view

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2007-11-07 page 27


Bombardment 1944 duringWorld War II

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 28


Grid of ground water model

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2007-11-07 page 29

Ground water treatment plant

Hydraulicbarrier

Groundwater flow direction

Contaminated groundwater

Infiltrationline of treatedgroundwater

Air-injection lines


DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 30

Air-injection to provide enough oxygen to enhance naturallyexisting biological degradation

Installation of pump system in at least 15 wells in the ground water run-off

Pump-and-treat system: prevention of contaminant movement off BANEASA-site

Infiltration of cleaned waterinto inflow for enhancement of biological degradation


DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 31


mode of operation of withdrawal (blue dots) and infiltration (red dots) of ground water (particle tracking)

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 32

Petrom City – Draft The closed oval solitaire buildings group themselves radial around the Petrom Plaza. The Solution Center is divided in two connected solitaires.


DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 33

former KIENZLE-site, Schwenningenformer fabrication of watchesarea: 47,000 m²location: city centernot used for 18 years

Case study: revitalization of a former industrial site in SW-Germany (1)

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 34

0,6n.n.

n.n.

37,4

42,3

22,7

13,2

1,4

8,6

207

21000

91,048,9

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Lösemittel-abfüllstation

Erdtanks4x5m3

Kellertanks6x3m3

Lösemittel-lager

Entfettungs-anlage

Entfettungs-anlage

vermutetesEntwässerungsrohr

landfill with radioactive components

HVHH contamination


ground water flow

max. conc.: > 20 mg/l HVHH

mass flux:

> 2,5 kg/d

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 35

0,6n.n.

n.n.

37,4

42,3

22,7

13,2

1,4

8,6

207

21000

91,048,9

13,0

71,6

1,8

7584,2

16,0

4,31,8

6,2 52,6

129,2

75

123,7

64,1

58,4

106,4

7,1

58,5

30,452,6

0,6

42,1

22,2

0,6

20,524,2

15,125,5

12,7

1,5n.n.n.n.

0,8

n.n.

n.n.20,9

1,1

0,7

n.n.

n.n.14,0

n.n.

0,4

1,2

n.n.

1,31,1

7,5

n.n.

4,4

0,5

10,5

33,20,2

2,3

5,7

2,7

n.n.

0,7

0,9

1,5

4,4

2,7

1,6

10,039,1

6,9

n.n.

24,1

6,8

1,1

149,20,4

2,4

2,4

13,3 63,2

10,8

0,7

1,2

1,29

0,9

129,4

310

60,5

0,2

n.n.

5,8

0,4

1,0

4,3

Lösemittel-abfüllstation

Erdtanks4x5m3

Kellertanks6x3m3

Lösemittel-lager

Entfettungs-anlage

Entfettungs-anlage

vermutetesEntwässerungsrohr

GeplantesBereitstellungslager

2,5

1,0

2,6

2,01,02,0

0,8

1,0

1,5

1,0

1,5

1,32,0

1,3

2,4

1,02,5

2,5

0,5

2,7 2,7 1,9

0,80,8

SB6

SB5SB1

SB2

SB3 SB4

Austraße

683.3

683.3

683.5

683.5

683.5

683.7

683.9

removal of contaminant sources

hydraulic ground water safeguarding

(pump and treat)

technical safeguarding of disposal site


DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 36


supermarket

parking area

administration building

residential area

lake

DR. EISELE


2007-11-07 page 37

Eu agradeço pela atençao!

Documents

V Seminário Internacional Sobre Remediaçaoseminario.ekosbrasil.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/5... · 2018-02-23 · V Seminário Internacional Sobre Remediaçao e Revitalizaçao