V-22 Osprey First V-22 Osprey First Flight on Unpaved Flight on Unpaved

SurfacesSurfaces

V-22 Osprey First V-22 Osprey First Flight on Unpaved Flight on Unpaved

SurfacesSurfaces

PURPOSE OF TESTPURPOSE OF TESTV-22 Landing Gear:V-22 Landing Gear:

Previous EMD testing Previous EMD testing only done between 5-20 only done between 5-20 knots on “benign” knots on “benign” surfacesurface

No Testing outside of No Testing outside of paved surfaces. paved surfaces.

Small nose gear Small nose gear capabilities unknown.capabilities unknown.

User (USMC / AFSOC) User (USMC / AFSOC) desire as much desire as much capability as possible. capability as possible.

Tiltrotor has unique Tiltrotor has unique capabilities that result capabilities that result in a large scope of tests.in a large scope of tests.

DefinitionsDefinitionsSemi prepared Semi prepared runway runway operationsoperations

Landing Landing zones/areas zones/areas where fixed wing where fixed wing aviation aviation operations are operations are intendedintended

Grass stripsGrass strips

Unpaved/gravel/Unpaved/gravel/dirt runwaysdirt runways

DefinitionsDefinitionsUn-prepared Un-prepared field operationsfield operations

Landing zones Landing zones not intended for not intended for fixed wing ops fixed wing ops but may be but may be suitable for a suitable for a smaller envelopesmaller envelope

Athletic fieldsAthletic fields

Agricultural areasAgricultural areas

Cleared LZs/DZsCleared LZs/DZs

DefinitionsDefinitionsSTOLSTOL

Short Take Off and Short Take Off and LandingLanding

6060˚̊ or 75 or 75˚̊ Nacelle Nacelle9090˚̊ Helicopter Mode Helicopter Mode

6060˚̊ for Heavy GW for Heavy GW

7575˚̊ for Tactical Mid GW for Tactical Mid GW

Can increase take off Can increase take off capability by up to capability by up to 5000 lbs5000 lbs

Test MethodologyTest MethodologyFixed Step Obstacle TestFixed Step Obstacle Test

Grass Field TestingGrass Field TestingTaxi/STO/ROLTaxi/STO/ROL46K, 49.5K, 52.6K46K, 49.5K, 52.6K

Semi-prepared Field Semi-prepared Field Testing (CBR 20+)Testing (CBR 20+)

Taxi/STO/ROLTaxi/STO/ROL46K, 52.6K, 57K46K, 52.6K, 57K

““Un-prepared” Field Un-prepared” Field Testing (CBR 7.5-20)Testing (CBR 7.5-20)

Taxi/STO/ROLTaxi/STO/ROL46K, 49.5K, 52.6K46K, 49.5K, 52.6K

Identify RisksIdentify RisksStructural FailureStructural Failure

Excessive LoadsExcessive LoadsAirfield not to Airfield not to specified valuesspecified values

Loss of Situational Loss of Situational AwarenessAwareness

Brown out / DUCEBrown out / DUCE

Loss of Directional Loss of Directional ControlControl

Hard LandingHard Landing

FODFOD

Blown TiresBlown Tires

Risk MitigationRisk MitigationBuild up Build up

Gross WeightGross Weight

Ground Speed Ground Speed Brown out Brown out considerationsconsiderations

Build downBuild downCBRCBR

Higher CBR = “harder Higher CBR = “harder field” (CBR 20+)field” (CBR 20+)

Lower CBR = “softer Lower CBR = “softer field” (CBR 7.5 – 20)field” (CBR 7.5 – 20)

Test PreparationTest PreparationPre-test TrainingPre-test Training

Engineer training with Engineer training with MAWTS-1 AGSMAWTS-1 AGS

DCP trainingDCP trainingAirfield assessmentAirfield assessment

US Army Engineering US Army Engineering Research and Research and Development CenterDevelopment Center

Test plan reviewTest plan reviewSite survey DCP data reviewSite survey DCP data reviewComputer Computer analysis/predictions/model analysis/predictions/model correlationcorrelation

Test PreparationTest PreparationC-17 SPRO TestingC-17 SPRO Testing

Engine FOD damage Engine FOD damage due to reverse thrustdue to reverse thrustLG damage due to LG damage due to short landingshort landingRunway deterioration Runway deterioration due to max brakingdue to max brakingAvionic fans dust Avionic fans dust ingestioningestion

Testing on going at Testing on going at multiple off-sites to multiple off-sites to evaluate multiple evaluate multiple surface surface types/conditionstypes/conditions

Test PreparationTest PreparationC-130J TestingC-130J Testing

Similar to C-17 Similar to C-17 LLLL

Erosion of Erosion of underside of AC underside of AC and antennasand antennas

FOD APU/EnginesFOD APU/Engines

Brown out on Brown out on decelerationdeceleration

Runway Runway deteriorationdeterioration

Test PreparationTest PreparationMV-22 Austere Ops MV-22 Austere Ops TestingTesting

VTOL landings in VTOL landings in DUCEDUCE

Maintenance IssuesMaintenance Issues

FODFOD

AVIONICS FILTERSAVIONICS FILTERS

GEAR BOX TEMPSGEAR BOX TEMPS

POST FLIGHT POST FLIGHT REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTS

Fixed Step Bump Fixed Step Bump TestingTesting

AM-2 MattingAM-2 MattingShimmed to 2” and Shimmed to 2” and 4”4”

Anchored to runwayAnchored to runway

GW 46K, 52.6K & GW 46K, 52.6K & 57K57K

GS 10-70 (+/- 5 KGS)GS 10-70 (+/- 5 KGS)

1600-2400 ft 1600-2400 ft remaining after remaining after bumpbump

Fixed Step Bump Fixed Step Bump TestingTesting

07FA04 NLG DSRA Load vs Ground Speed

-40,000

-30,000

-20,000

-10,000

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Ground Speed (kts)

07F

A0

4 N

LG

DS

RA

Lo

ad (

lb)

46k lbs GW 2"53k lbs GW 2"57k lbs GW 2"46k lbs GW 1.5"53k lbs GW 1.5" Flt 91053k lbs GW 1.5" Flt 91153k lbs GW 1.5" Flt 91257k lbs GW 1.5"53k lbs GW 1.5" Flt 914Tension AlertComp Alert

NLG DSRA LOAD 22 NLG DSRA LOAD 22 KnotsKnots

Alert -Compression Exceedance

25 to 35 knots required 25 to 35 knots required to touchdown with no to touchdown with no brown outbrown out

Semi Prepared Semi Prepared Austere EvalAustere Eval

Minimum Landing Speed

20

25

30

35

40

45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59

Gross Weight (1000 lbs.)

Gro

und

Spee

d (k

nots

)

Semi-Prepared LZSemi-Prepared LZ

High CBR 25-100High CBR 25-100

Very low loads on all Very low loads on all structural structural componentscomponents

C-17 STO VideoC-17 STO Video

C-17 ROL VideoC-17 ROL Video

Unprepared DZ Unprepared DZ

10 Knot 49K LB GW10 Knot 49K LB GW

What Happened?What Happened?

Airfield Post Airfield Post Collapse SurveyCollapse Survey

NLG Collapse Local Survey

1M

4M

13M

5M

2M

11M

6M

7M

12M 9M8M 10M

11 CBR

60 CBR

4”

20”

8 CBR

37 CBR

4”

20”

12 CBR

50 CBR

4”

20”

6 CBR

15 CBR

4”

20”

10 CBR

15 CBR

4”

20”

9 CBR

12 CBR

4”

20”

10 CBR

20 CBR

4”

20”

6.5 CBR

15 CBR

4”

20”

7 CBR

20 CBR

4”

20”6 CBR

28 CBR

4”

20”

7 CBR

50 CBR

4”

20”

6 CBR

55 CBR

4”

20”

WIT

HIN

LIM

ITS

BE

LO

W M

IN L

IMIT

S

CB

R IN

AC

CU

RA

TE

Lessons LearnedLessons LearnedUnprepared surfaces Unprepared surfaces have features that are have features that are not identifiable by not identifiable by standard surveysstandard surveys

Flight test requires very Flight test requires very specific conditionsspecific conditions

Onsite subject matter Onsite subject matter experts can be valuableexperts can be valuable

Full scale structures tests Full scale structures tests (load cart with landing (load cart with landing gear) in controlled gear) in controlled environments can reduce environments can reduce problems down the roadproblems down the road

Despite all the planning Despite all the planning in world, Flight Test is in world, Flight Test is Unpredictable and Risky!!Unpredictable and Risky!!