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UYlfl2
I f
i V ,
I iimjvnmTrmsnal' TpioKuYiinyitTUjj^" wii'eji^nuifiufiQiiQntn? ^iwiflmmsjviqtig
vimmvm
1. vmntfasnaWiismiiimnmiJifi'i-aitasnifr
2. vuvysfmfta
3.wiusnirwfl
5. wamjqviSvn^niiiimms^ninfleJYHnen'tm-a flinaasmaem'i'uehw'u
1. ManffmnaWiismiiiawf/nwifl'i^ibsniff
mm UfiSINaJVnfni'Ue-aiTfilieJV! (proficiency - based) llliJfhfmj (niJJl^imi, 2544, VIWI 2)
Ipie)Wlll)-3l9u 4 -JZ^M ft@
1.1 'ib-W'U lLl-3 ?S^UlP11JUfmuni0U (preparatory level)
1.2 ^l-3^V!lJ.4-6 IS^llll'U (beginner level)
1.3 T3WUU.1-3 IS lini^TOVn (developing level)
1.4TOWD.4-6 TS^UmTH 141 (expanding level)
^nif fiiJifil' 'U HQ^till'iinfni^n^Tuniio'ui'U'ilQ-a^w^ 2
2. lara'na'Mue^nauani^mtiiiiwfinuieii 'iJ^smfi
mili'pimiii)wmitT0uniinpii^il5smfr1'U'HanOTifn5nnijn i^v!|TU Sfnm
1lJ^^flJjIcinl^0t]i-3ITl'l-3Sri7^(fl13Jl'!tfnni5, 2551,'H'UI 2 - 3)
viafigpiimi^fitjn iJ'MU^Tuil'niviUfiiiiinisfniiio'uifidjjT^Tint/'
@ii^ziy\ i&\ f{i?zmiiw\ ?m?tiiitihwm')\ f\ iiMfi\ iiiiw imsmfi-mnejfi'm Turnip
@uQ-jMangfiimn ife)V!fniJiPi'i-3iJi;s;mfrDs5KQfjiM'uniiE)'uSQdi'yiT'ff\ 'fiii-3ifici imsinflfmuilu'h
li4fni^ s;^9fn?nui T3piniJisjivifr 5Quin-3ti-3infii!)^fiS^^0fnTynufis'3aj\ 5ii:Jjuo<
Pti-3iJis;iviff 1 aff^f)-3fni3jfnfifi51 1\ fntnims;T'fii'U5?iulvio
V if i
"fmUYl 4 (!)U3JBeJ3jSnt/1lJ^ 6)
1)mlf)imslivfntJipii^iJis;ivifrimniiJaowuas;'iJiifn49nj9ija<uIT]tn? ttfi^fmu
tum<uBi *m-3ijf;ifia im -3fmjjirfnv!nfiPi imsfniufiPinuogpi mns^yimejinumifrn^i -3tu
eiSw w=kw iins^fujlan tu^iJimu^ivtJJisJTijniiijfifiaimsmai'nffs
2)StfnysmiHflinieh^ihsmflTufmffa miijjpi mieiu mii?ou ^ujiTTiig
nift'wn 3600-3750 ^n (flipfyi'M^fiisaijfniKiwfis'ii-jn'u)
3)Hili:sIt)fiHtTijims'Llislofiw(;K9'U'Mll^9fiiiJJMinj^n3JiJ?uvipin <n 1umi
<iJ tA dt (I) I CjjcniviwTn-jyimuvn-afniimsjmifluTn^fni
4) stu injeju ugfmuviiilwfmiJiiEJ^imsj lumufiQiuna-a vi-mimvn-afm ims
llilSuvn^mi^S^llf Qiil'sfmjJ (discourse markers)
5) Sf)iijjffi'3niji'lii1i)mnnuT'ajWBii3jyn-3fntJiims5iPifmjjtilvjQjiu0-3
TW9^iniJi?njJisfliJw
nufniutnilfluasio
10
7) SfmiJtnimflli4m?l#fli iflitiluiiWim4 uaslulmitiu tumium-awi
fmul'muwuiiasfniumaama'u (fiismifni, 2551, wm 3-6)
fntnwi-3ilis5mff iiliitnis;fn?i1ii'U|<wt4STu @ittm'HUfilwiiaiiemgfmanfTPii
tyilu 81M1U inS imsmtnngjJilisjiviffi'WQw^iu @Hi9fnins'uffi lcH9^1<u^f<ww!i<u8^
trcnw^ntn^!i2J fliiinawiJis;n8ijmi iifniiiovifpnufi'3iui'HJJis;ttJj
Mangpiimi^nin^ii'NwsiijKuiwisiiiiilw^inTH'UPi^funntjfus^wiJistY^a
@ue-JiTniiej'Ufnii 'HUianjB'i'Hangpii rwenWmi'm-aiuniiiJisnufjfUfn'wmiffntn ififjiiii-3
pnuffnis^u
rfiisD8-3ndjjfnisjmiiiJw|ininpii-3ilismff @hutej^^ e-infniui^iilutnna
^THiuijmitJUintnpii^iJisiviff ilisneu^otnisfliijfntnmBfni^BtnifntnimsTiajuBiiu
fntnnufiQiu^u^BnungjJtni^fniiiej'uf^ UAsmiyinimmmjmjfniJTO'wIcin
fTIIS^ 1 fn imemi^8tni (communication) "H3JTJO>a miKmtJigii-JlJismff
fniJjf^nlwiiQ^sii-3 "H @favuiluni^TWflimsfniy'uijem
tnis^ 2 mmuasQajtJBiiij (cultures) @HJjiao-a fniufimsfnijjml^my'jnij
tnis^ 3 mtnniifnijj 'uw'UBniinq'jJtnismiiioufgij (connections) huiejo*
FiiiiJtTiiJiifivi^f)iwi^ -3iJis;mff1i4niiuffQ^Mif)'3njjf l3j'wi4Bnijndjjfrnis;0V!
tTHS'M 4 mUini)fm3J^3J<tN1Js'flUstf3Jstf'UUfls;lfin (communities) MUIfJ -3 flQIU
3/
loufpiagpiSiPi (nijjwmi, 2551, miti 6)
ftvszri l: jntnmQmiafsfm
wimtsTu pi 1.1 miquasflfmmfe^vi^uaseiimfifltailisifiYiem'n ims
uflfi-afmiifiAi'Hueeh-aSmeiHfi
l) miuthilrfH fnijjf^nnia-awijjpi fha ^idqiq^ ^ifttni^ ^nunejio
fhuusih tnimjivimmsfmoeh^
11
2) miimmftmvwmxAmmmmiJYifimiwiximmttumQzmmzmriv
mow@ thu
3)ml? ^fiQiinifaaitfi^fniu^muinejQnij^Q^iSufnijjilei^ uas'W'W
4) ml? Mini Qifmsw uastitTfi^fmjj^fii'H'utneJifT'ii'uofnnjj 4"eij3
n/Titni iinfinjj tmfifi ijwm-afi^ ^in^Q^MuWmo^eQmnyiie'untf
uiPiigiw pi 1.2 S'nntisfni^0tn?vn-jfnwilumiuiifiiiJaejiu@U8yaiiT3fn5
iitTfi-afiQiJj^iTnimiJfniufifimwQai-JuiJisjrfviBfjTW
trenumvyn
3)iwitnmQ'UQiiflsl'H'UQya obtjiej uamilamjfnnijfintnmjibsiflijiifljvn
4) lstfin%jitiN0itttfi'3fmjJittn'U9-3fii4ifiyiniii'H^mi:fuvi-3mofiPiili)fl<ui4im^V 1
i'3jj'n^utn^vniBfnn1e)\ in%n9^nq ^i<Hins;tfjjniJPiv!i9-9
uieitlTMfi 1.3 wiirru9'ii9 jfi8i)T3tni fmuflfinutjgpi uasfmumim'uliufa'a
2) wittTiJQfniijafiiiTUEJOPiintnnuiM^fngfu^^ i ftafmu SwpiiIijiiq-jo'u
ufnfl-uphfnisfmviufnfivmiej
3) witmjQfnnufim'HuviSeiQi'H^mifwfh 'n nflfmn flvmiiie-aB'unjQ-sei'UFhej
ifwvminMmejlA0m^rrfi3tmflua 2ihstfviSfi"m
12
_ wwesijfljmrmenaeiiimgisy@; n @
3/4) tiiiffuauvini vif oiivmsfnmj IflilwiTm^mmifl^93ilhnj94fnin
Aiejfmmwaeuwmj
arnsfi 2: snmmzi@m%s'3%i
311(l? Tli PI 2.1 l6ll^l1)fl^ 1J '3J'^N JBIS11^^^f)^iJ^nlJ^^ 4li113J^9^mU9^fnin!>raJ
l) Hfntnimsviiyn^^fni^Qtnii iem^iviunstTJjniiis^iuiJfifia mmnffs
imsQrajuBiiusu9-3mnj0-9fnui
2) utr^fmu 'H'ueiQTiflj'Ufiiiu itesivioi imsfni3ji,il^9d6u9^msue-3iniji
wifl-sgTH pi 2.2 ml?fnniJi'Hy9cutm^fm3Ji^n?ii^is'H'ii^fninuasT'aj<UBi5u
$-nmi itaslafi imslf9fni3J^cKii(l9u3-3?<uiias<ui1iJH1 9eii^1^n7fUQJiai
iviej SgyiSviaplgmiKfntntms'ui'liJKgdi^SifnfQiaiiai
3) mvnJislfjwnjg-jfnifiiiinEi nqM lumsutn^nifniuf mtmem^fiu
UflS9il^
5) ?iis'Hunlw^fUfiIin)9^fn'iyiimsT' j'UBgi3J^i1yi4imsT4ifni3jffm3jm1i)
SI
wafmiita'uflifnfl'Hi^
Qfliliiejmfj-aniiiJisjtTiJniifu^l ifiJinnfniHiniJiei fiqalumfaiJfiQiiuQWi
13
arnsri 4: fliMimjfl-Jiwafwmifimi^jJWMiiasTan
wamiriEmiYmifl'HH
uas|iJuiiiivm?nnwaimms<;inj(3:0'u
2) HfnuiO'afiq^^0?n5i'U|ilmiu^i-3'n nuijfififii'utTcn'u^niJiims^w^v!
iJ^nou 8#w imsmiimmilSej'utiejufnii^fiuIafi
waniiiimiftifnerHi^
?QjjiT^niiij9im lM^8^aine)iniJ9iS'wlutTni'uni?fw ia9^iiasj/Mf9tT0iwnni9i!)?^
eiQiQ-aQeh-aSmsira
3) \ mm$^mftmzmwvimiitf@?t@\ nmiw?\ if)\ m5ftr\ @mmz/
5. niiicwadisimiMan^WnsmiiiEmfjnuifl dizmff
S'OfljJ-a'Huioi'WQipiivinijfmjjnmi'UTUo^'unilow flhufmin inntjs
nDfmun'miej'uf pnuunpiifTuniiiiejupnivtufilinje-aupiasnfJi^n -aiTii 011115^10^
trofifiao-3Ucisi'HinstTJjnutti?j;m?i1fj<uf nisu'Jtjfniiiei'ufnjo-a'Ufiiiaii imsfnuno
^imufniafJi-apiei'ue^fniifinijmi^mgiiEi'u^e-j'uniifj'u m\ fni^mfulgiji miming
mi jjintioi fniPin^wci^iv! fniTJi4<Mfi<nq^nii3J nrljJtYstrsj^Ty mi tn^w QBmiims;
warnidisiCuluisfiiUTUiltiu liil'H'uniia'u'lflvifiiJfniJjniTH 'iuaj;
f)Q1Ut?1tlT)n)0-3glV! iTlJJ15CllJ1HlillJ@'UTlJfu'Lli^fniiiEJw|'llf12;fniJ^Umil,iEJ'uf!l)0-3?l\ m-3
ini1i1Htt0l4ipi|o^fl'113J?T13J1fC1liaSlslli1?fl'3n3J^0-3nT1i'll0 'Ufll1t)Ul3'U1ieJ<lJf1f1S1 Plt10f)i)'y
uo-3mij/nMfni3JiiJa)V!uila-3!U0^iTniiEJU0d^PiI0i<u0-3 tnuisci'viyma@ imiu^unwio^lpi
14
ilnfiio^lflmiinsaiifnijjtfiif swfutfmimj mintciliim?tnlii^y ff^itriu moi umi
wwuTuntitmlfl (mimifm, 2551, nui 175 -176)
6. <fnviauasfmsni?i1mifumina'N
i i tarissrii mmmefmaWi?
15
V
JJ.4-6
2.BTueaniSo^^efmjjiiniltsma
(skit)^nwa^wiij'Hanmieiu
fii^n^b'tuiQjj'M^isijimsi o'u^a^
liiWfniuifCMjilimiipii'3clMctu'wub
nuilislofiuas^afnijj^^ 'Hfbbtu
mt^^uasBiiiifa^ illiitntfifiims!
mim^flfl"wfBuvN'i'tfmqHJUtastin
W'3Btii'3ll5SnBlJ
niuiisiJimlimnioSuno^nustoit) }i4iJssmfr
iKouiiejeh-Ji tnuasmTlwim^HaiJfi^muas;
3^1)0-3fn5^u^t4 9\avn-5avjmafium
as;figaum?H-wflt4i^n5jj @Hanfnia1it4a0nm)^
ivu
-m?aanmeJwfffy5ifV!sli4fliuas;'wffa)VUt;riiE)
flitfisiffa^a'iimz$mfi~naisiJistfu
-mieaniSfW'uu'H'un-milufiiuasnq'ufli
-msBanifreweninsmjifttNa -fhluiJtslOT
-nuaamm tfaulei lwliafmu
-fn50'it4iivifaafi5a-3?nu '-3vns
iJisIofiuas^efniufnsMfnijj/diaie'u^ayaM
mjwuTmimavi'ljJ'Wfn'iiuieHiwfnnumwh^
ife^ iilutntfiwuasjmiifl^fiflfn??til?fniu^i^aj
skimming / scanning / guessing / context clue
ilislt)fl^l4flufn?ua'fHfmjjfiRi'Ht4 fmVtfmqHa
uasmionffl'JBfin
arrtsyii jnuimefmfraan?
16
vu
W.4-6
V (4/
l.mjvmiuasi5eiu1liV)aii<iiiayaintnfUJ
mjKuuasi58$I'ueilnaeh
iksmjfmairnirurmjuim/
mmzttu
fliwm^fliQBUie)Qdi^flae^ufiaQ
3.ytmt\ ivtmiiT(fiwi~nififww'iitrus
weufiJuasiJgitTBfniliffnijj
Tbrnvmalimcnufmanhaawfa
frtnunisfu^Ba^i'HJjistTiJ
4.ijjfiiiasjivowi'WBUBiias'l Bya
uitejio BBincjiiHeiiii ejiiuasuOT-3
fmuflfimiJinenniJifB /iJtsjifltJ/nin/
w3fn5tu^^uas8fiw8ai mjJis;tTu
5.TjfluasMfluusioiafliiJjf fHiasuiW
fmuflfii'Hi4m8^?iTJi8'5intnnijifs-3
n<n nfln?ijjikstrummuasiiio/
mfjmituBtlnSi'HfijHa
tntsniiiifj'wfijn'wnai-a
/n iMKli4fn5tf8tn5?s'H'3n^fifiai^mm?
Wnvnei na'naiDBUfjai meiviu vinisQ m^ijfi
iminedi-j flivimtvnvjumiuaniiJatiu eya
lifuJ^sfliQijmstT'uvimAiiei'utfayainoQfhj
wuie iias^fifialna^Q iJssftuniim acnum^m
fii-j'HlinmjjfnTcu iJisi ^BglufnujtrulflDe^
/n iwllflyfn5utTfi-3fni3j i0-3fniitrtiBuasli?
fmiivioiMaB WBiifiJuas;ilgia'Bmi1iifniiJ
tKQii'HaalutTtnt4fn5tu?ii-3i ito
fhflYivi t?itiQt4iJ?j;Itifiufis;wfi-3i}j^Hlt4fm<u0
uasl ByaU5?tnoeSuiej iilitnimoii uas;
utrfi^fniuflfiiHwinainuiJisimii/D'n/i'H^mstuw
@3UaS81t4
flinivn'tfl'UfmutTfl-afmuftfnfniuflfimvuas;
WmqwaiJ^snau iwuauliiveiiwl?i oluS
lijfl fliniinivrqmifu tTOTUfii?Q4 Ivvqw
fmsYii fmnrnfmiigrefm
fmuftamuluifo-a^n-an T^anis
9e)nmuistnjnum?iiviffsj
17
VM
il.4-6
fTuia-3 iJ sjtnjnutuiin/mqmitu
if8^un ii?s;ifliiM1nc]Mijjfmutrulsi
2.^flims;i5ou^iJlflfniJJi?ifi'ty/uriu
tni"^1^9inm?Qifins;iiif8^n9n55ii
tiniMjjmjtuuastftnufnsfuwiufmjj
3.^fiiiasji oviutrfMfmijflflmiiintnniJ
vva'l'uiia'W'un^fiw uaslannfauw
iMmqHaiiasonw'jBd^iJjsfieiJ
gmsfmiienjfununa'M
fn5i4iitTii8^8\ aintnnu ui0^iJ^stfumsai
@iiT3/iMqfn?aiif8^iias;iJisjifluw8|jli4fniiirt4l9
iia-a^fijjii\ nm 'uvn^mjfiiiJtsvnuaivns
ni5ia<unwi/f;i\ ?i1migfliviti'Ufifrmvfama^m?
iat ff Qm?8TUMi4^^8fnsvie^moQni5^ntn
ft/nvimfijjipfiwsnu
m?9ultifniui?iflity/iifiutnis!nuitfituwfa-a
nflfittuimmfjfmoi iiastfmwfnstuvnjjfnijj
ni5imfnfniuflfim\ niili?m3HaiJ5sn8uuas
ynatedi-untnnilnflfmwilisniifn^muas
VM
U.4-6 l.laenH/ntntlnmti-auasnienvnvn-3
muisinii^sfi'iiiia^Tjfiflalanitruasj
jra@^wmimaiyia flijuas
Qfljuiit^u'ua^miia'Jimn
trTssfmii/w|imwn{n-3
mtiaanHfiTm "unSti^iiasntuitiiYinliini?
trwvivn 5Sflunia^/n iui7tnvi^fiiJuas;T' iwB55ij
MQ^i^me^fnaiivuminiQiintuuelnu m^vmift)
mTl Swi4iviivn^iJ5s;n8iJfn?i;| D0isjuTis'uiffl i9^
niiauHjrflQmtiunfiamsusffufmufSmjau/lii
ton fmnjmeiumfn^iittfueim^fiaufij'Hfe
dgittB
fiiwin ii mtnuas imi imsmmsmj
d <u <ij <u d <u \ j/4tmsn 3 /nwinufinjjaruvi'Mfinun^ufnfsmiiiai430<w
jjipii|i\ pi 3.1 iwi^iei'Nibsmflf'Uifm if Qjjlo^fnnufnufidutnisjfniiiejufgu imsiflviv
18
2.BBina/emhitnfmwfmunfifniu
weiiasYiuvua-wuufiisymtijjuas
ibsmeunja-aifiiie^myi
3.mi'juutinhuasflfinnmiuvn^
an-ssnmiEj'wfunwnai-j
q65q finuflfifniwi5auns jJTua-aDuiiBisjjmou
uasiJismw'ua iliiDS-jfliyi
fa^ma^m5ia'ii4vnwif!mnnnTW ii?i5uviinvi
@oyillMii iimtauivm
VM
JJ.4-6
V
l.eiuiei/iiJiEiumtiufniJJU^fi n
naama /nwifmibsiYifmeis
ifauaj;T'at!B??jjDa-3t?iDa'3fli%Ji
nuna^inmifisiliiiJI'lfaei fli'H^wa
niiaSuiti/nisiiJiauiviejufmmiflnei'msw'i'H
Ifi ^afi iJTs'Ifjfi^lafniwtf-wnummmvtjmfifi
uasuvinaau'ue^flTOim^ibsinmiasfliD'ilYiej
miQifins'H/nnafliJtiafiQiumfia'uuasfniJJ
ufififin^is'H-ii^^SififmuilauasjQajTJt^^jJue^
mniawimmjiia^lnejm5wiQai\ BiiiJD8^iliTB4
ay
JJ.4-6 l. fi i/ ufltiij -nntr iJuasutrfu
nunqutn^sfniiio^favi^nnima-a
BfTssnT5t1a'u|'unt4nai-3
fnijj^fit'H'uuasijiitTVianiieya^tntnli'a'jnijnqij
{nisfnTiiaufetJsnfiuvia^nEiviffii 'n
anssw 4 ininmjfl'JiusfiJ'W'Ufimj^uv'miastan
jjipi-3|TM pi 4.1 Hmtnrfi-Jilisjmfrl'Ufffn'Ufnf9ipii-3ei "n^iutTcnij^nin yaw ims^fiu
Ymvsfmvh
tniruE nmm-3 (2543, wui 9) #aen iiliuflnfl (2543, wui 13) ttQzwwwn
tmeis (2540, miji 13) ndiT3T mi^-majibsS'viSfl'mi) maw^^Sfmu^it) ffulu imsS
imns'Hfliijjfiifl thvifiJfnsfi-afni-neh-aibsiYifr wvi^^s^s^flfmjjfmtjQnu^Qjja'vn-j
fninmtrai uasimjvmcn'Ufnitu n\ m
Krashen (1983, pp. 79 - 89) iflfltffniiminettJe-JfmvikTril fiTa^ WinOfH fm
ilgvim^Sfniii'Huiti fiititnmu ismine-a owfin vulcjny) fmeiQumjaofliejvhvm (Total
Physical Response Tiff) TPR) QTifmOfta mi^^0'uKfl1^1' 'Uni1tJ'Uimfl-3'HfOlJgiJasnjJ
<uni1au<Ds;1luIf|niJ^nuliii5j9ifn i^frf)-a nfofntJiidivujnEJ'OTjnQTWQni'uiflsi'unlfllu^^fi^vj?!
eemji
Shafiro (2003, p. 16) flfhllyh mi -3 ^9 miimpl-qfmjJiaiiflitT lll'UM'Un'NPf
Yagang (1993, p. 16) QEineni mivl-i MuioQ-3 fnintnuiio^flsuonimsmifl
19
V
JJ.4-6
fflfrfll.14f/n%n^0nilutroium5ai9fv
iitrurnnuflntn^uwnas^fiu
ni?K/nui^9tti?lytTtnufnifl49?^/Tfn14rnitu
Widdowson (1983, pp. 59 - 60) flfmil fliiffa (listening) MUIfJQ-3 fmimilJiifi
vUsml'D'i'iibsItJfilAiksIejfm'u^ SfniijmjiNuimiJibsIejfl9'u i odi^ii uasi<ui1 r
iliisTyfi^nflnS'H'ui^Qeli-iiflufni^QiniiiasijJit'uiD^s^^lu' e^fni
Underwood (1989, p. 1) ltffmiJ'Hina<ll8*fmffalTh Minacfa fmviWYtaiwmu
tru'UiuisfmiJ'Hoiaiu memii'ih'UfiymwjnaijQ-aflwi fi-a iijjYfafmimoitniJYtositfilfl
tqiliflm rmffa fie ilflS'fjile'um vifQfnijjtnjjiifiliJfniful^^i vl^ S
mm fnimciivrn'miejiiiitJ-a ^fniu me^B^i^mlfl^^ yjfiijjfigafiuTin SfiQiwviuifj
'Ufll1)'uf'3f1'311 !'l^n^1^lnfJ 4'nny ;n11^-3SEi -3mfJ^n0 rmnsufiiHiimn'Hfunnsii&ijf'iJQ-a
@ @@ V
miTn^TUfifMsnjiufnimiiJisou^niynu'H ^i^ (2541, viwi 100) eSintm mi
@ ii v^^iilviiiniJs^^iRfij^tTfi fiflsih1iJmimjs:fl'9<n 111 iw mfijjpi m^oi^tmsmit yu miiM fii
iwrnifJ^lpiamilJ (casual listening) im fTn$1-a0m-3JJiDAVm')tJ (focused listening)
mjirnru Tjum r (2542, vcun 53-54) na'nQi nii^ i^0-3^ili^n0u^^i^fli
ifRifjwijjPiim^wvl-3 ims;ilisn9U^ejn^n?53J 2 anufus ^9 fnnjfluasmifi-j oifiwcnu^lflH-i
nuwflemu n sniniOiv9u1a^ni?i9ij'ui4ifl9di-3fl imsinui5f)^f) i<'o3ja 'i>3in fitfifiiajifl
a; ,
milfeifjpn t$ 'H'ui'vn<m-adis:f)0UfmyjA tmsiiiIofnfTwII^I^PiI^oii inoinuS^^vi-ji^
fluTum-af)!* m^fi^isjlvif Q-a 'ia T omiwisJ9di^3^fnif1-3intn?ii'3iJ?smff1i mls) lumilln
cTwviui fi|li0'3i'uijfm3JtTieajeu0^mif1>3 iiJQTostil'uniffi-jmin'io-a'uniiauig^ vifofJ-a
20
^MTV """"@""-@@@@@-JlJ
niiTO^niiniJsniirI-3mefi'3i3jm1^imsm0iitrpi-3iJviiiiyi6U0^H -q^^
8i1a giiiai'nffif (2540, mwi 9) mhrh m^H^iiluiifi s^^i^fyaeii^S^iumi
^9fniiYjnsmivl^flffi<mnen6U0^niJ Q^iJii;^iQii3jnfi^t|fi Dsmul^iii'UfnitTW'viiJiu^s
mm uliJnisiaeipi"
Doff (1991, p. 198) raiiiWmjJthmyivifmvh ^Sw?i 9fnnD^itiDlv!fn'3?r<uvii4i
Rubin (1987, p. 51) aSinem iin%)smi^4i3<uw'U|iu6U9^tunt1j)<u mnsmniyw
fnin6U9-3<unt1ejuiT<ut?3jliv!infifn5Tl-3fiaT4 imil-j'wraiuiliJ^fnsilawffnin1'u<nfi%is9ii n win
lum^tiuiUny^M n 9nvi'wej1ii$ftain0yismjfni9j{n3 <n mawiiilllilisilejwi^ilv!
3. tsefijfm%isnifvf-3
Lemlech (1999, p. 60) QBUlfill mifi-3 lliSJntJullQa 3 ?S;^IU Ifllin
(1) fmUfmy (auding) iilvimi^^is^iiff^ HH^fnyTicifuf^^^tN^ufis
(2) mifi-3 (listening) l3wfni i-3?S5 lll59-3tl^U1 ^^1t13J11 11J9fmfJSfl1imn
(3) milfllru (hearing) iSufrnffaisfliiei'mfl (phtninitmjmewm q la
Rost (1991, pp. 3-8) Imvmin mi rhem^ibsfieulnti 3 "nntjs sn^lj
(l) @nnusmiQmns'H (analysis skills) Ha fniuffijJiioiwmiliimn'H'U'sa
l^mnifu imsjfmusnin5filum5 iimn'Hii'30Tn^in%n!nn^^f1^llfl
3 0 n.fl. 2S58 15821821
(2) tfmjsfm^ifmsii (synthesis skills) 1)9 niiufnimo'UiniiwtajjijwfT-a
fin*! \ @if\ W)Y\ t)ii ufisfmufimjinKitasneiJ mgWmflniiijHh'tal'utf-aYtv fh^
ual;n^1^@llflf1^ 3Jtf^^fy^asmei lW9^n 4m11s^0^HtTJJwm 4n 41lJ1lJ<v1fln?silJ'3'Uf1^?
4. ni?Qf)ni?iiEiuni<3rai4<nn%is;niivf<3
Davies & Pearse (2000, pp. 77-78) fidiTJl fni?flfn?l1)l4fnitY9V!lTfltlsm?^-3
luHa iieiV! treufnimulwife-amiiinvno miw^ifnu fniMniimsiJi mieSuia uasmi
milledT3Mi-3ei iSii^u iwiisif0-3miiifimej-3iu9^nuSQpiiJis;flT3i4 im^iilumillfi^ufmjj
fliwiQ^nqaijQ 'uniiaijSfiiijJMjJioi'MfisSniiiJgijSwipitiuiJ-imij'uiiPiQw ^u
l. "imnVuvTa
1^<uw?i9'udtflyniiiPi1ej3J '3ni9>3ij'fiti )wIfiJH?r9'U9ii)D^ii9nvif99SinEJ
TjnifejiiinainiJTTTUQ 'Hf!)^ij-3Muit)D9^if9'a^9svil-3n9u iiiHi'wo-jijQni vi-jimQiilfiiiou
2. irufs'HTi-afm'rfo
1\ ^5wtT0w^o^^QeilwiTni1e)i4imn^fiQi3Jmlio1i4i'uo'Hiittis9ejifiiPi'HQ-3
41 <U
v3. VUMfNvTa
Rost (1991, pp. 7-8) QBUiem mi wm5iiejwmittQ'u<nnusmif1^S'Hanni?f1^ ^a
(1) fniiiiSmiilg^jj'wf'UB
(2) i'wui'Hfniuffmjj'Huie) ifauffUQimfi^'mjtm^iMaJn nje^fnuTuvcn
22
HeafUfMwn'nen&fiw'i [,@@;@,.. .
(3) t#MinDm5UYU99i<HSfl1ll?9?m
(4) ruufmufifiM^
@uefitnnCi Rostitfumrusni wfr9uminsa^im^vnni^nj93iIm1e)'ut'lA
<v i in |s
3>Yagang (1993, pp. 18)1m?flJ9n^ni13Jfnftt9U<nni)S;fnivl-9i<UUpif1S;fl'uP19141l-l
9>
3> 3f(1) e5''Ufi9'UfmvI-a me'inijflieiilfm (Warm Up Exercises)
^ (1.2) miiinijmQiflwniii iejjj^ilTiiTniiaiJimsSn'nntiswsi'ul'H'wiQij(1.2) itminu iwmfiwmsiatejusnilmlfiiieiu a^^mn'a^miui'nmnv
(Minimal Pair)
(2) nirufmffa (listening exercises) 5lJllUllUa^ni)niIlJfni^^^inil<U(UfUS;nn^
V
(2.1) n^fimjm?nJit)iimaiJii8^f1-3nuif8-3^fnfiifnlQlwfl'<upi8Wfi8w
(2.2) miilgiJMiJjniimu'ui mgimpi^iTuniiEcu i^ua'ami^ Ifialii
vhrn^mQvh^ufijjQiivmiejlTfmi^tnjiJifu
(2.3) fmimjfi'il'U'ihm'i-a nfgiloiffTuvivntiiil IflatmTmifrnfihifm
wvtfiii mfru'u frfi3m9ilai?fa'U9'u<ri Imjj
23
(2.6) fmmififewinti mufiainufmminnuiUln IflejimlmiaiilmtaV i trnriwft siniluliiiTniiejiJii^dimjinmfe^Yii ffa
(2.7) fmchejlgimim ^Iflunmifta uaidiEiIe'U'imimnjImiJuiJij
(2.8) miaeflfmjj H'uniiaufi-iiJisiEjfi^nTHviPil'H naidnoviQfi
/ din il<ui@UQfniWli IP1V1>3
V(2.9)miiio-aaimj w\ nnvl^iifniiEJ-3ai U5ilfnnvifemovn
(2.10) mimmTijmja iMHi1t)-3f1^ti0fiQnjJuaiDPiIi4?i0ii-3d8ffi mopigu
(2.11) fmietufi'm-aiu^e-n'n fi^liiiIniifJiJi^u^iivi^o^Qi-qDQ-q
(2.12) fn5flugI]fi fnilii'uni1t)ij ugIt(ofniJj^5fniu'H JimiiSo'UMf0
(3) <5'l4'Ha-3m5f1-3 (post listening exercises) tfi'UnDfniJJviVi'm^'Dini f'u
v if
(3.1) ni??infltt9iJ^i?i9iJ m8utTfi-3QiiInt1fj<um1i)ifg-3^vl-3 eifliflu
^icnw^fl^imgfi'HfgKimiilln^tfl'u^Qmgnuiiiifin/Nfi
(3.2) miuniltyMi l iTmiBwfu^-aija^fi^inoiiJQ-jnuilcyMi 11101414111
umiow'wiejniiu iilajMi
(3.3) mittiiJeJe iTnifoumQfTHiilisiofi^ivijjistTJj^sisiSiJuviJr^iJuo^
ii9-9tnnsu8iifi^fi|niv!'Ufilif
(3.4) mi^-a< 9 jm3uff'3w<!i ifiEJUii^nduiTniiyuimQlii^^^oijcifiijas;
, a' 1 1 1
V o/ di a d
(3.5) nflfmufmi^au liu l^nTnif aui^ciiiSj^ujJTCJ Ivman
libuaimjeis mmj'W'UBfvmsQ-inffa
(3.6) niifii^wfni^fi iw Tln^ mjfnuiu oBil^io uvujtvutjjw^ nsfi?
^^U'WlJBnil^lQfiQIJJ'HfQlfe^^fi^
T4U 3jn<u'U9flnii?fiil?s;fT-3^m?CTQV!'ini/sfni'vi>a mevfi uasntiniiJj^HlijmitTQiifniifiII ** V
24
@ytmiiuu mittauvim^m^Ykfli^iasnqmiiuaoniil'u 3 "fivmau lie tf'Uflevme'UfniYta (Pre-
listening Stage) 'nifmffa (While-listening Stage) miwa^mivh (Post-listening Stage) \t\ \
iuty?ant)tu Q^^uilo (2540, mwi 20) OBinem mnjjfi viunejQ^ minantiJsfiu
iifadis iJwa^ii i^^H^Pifl^^a-JitiiJiicii'W^iifio^itasjnoani^SfiiiJjfjfiPia-Jim^iTniJiTCi
i^qinnu^iiJlTOT fii'HiTafifiaa-ai'Hin^tTJjIia
aiej fi wminf( (2542, nun 1-2) liifniu'Hui)<ua4mivjpiin niiijjpi ^e mi^atni
mm^wimej iiraniifisnimYiniii^aej^iJilfsttviBm^imsfjfip)0^?ii3ji)iim3JiimviimsiJismcu
{jtiiini9>atfaflijlwiwfafijfu?ismAni50oijmjO'3
v @iilv!mioiyyi9fifmu|tTnunfifi firHJiuilfiuasimtni ifiol^tJimej-Jiiasfnil^oifnJnifn'M
ifiomrnsjl'umiiiaufnittQ'uintnai^iJismff iant)s;fnii5j iiii'ii1fi'iiiilt4'nnys^^iflfyim2J
oiniJnftJi^minstTui'woi t^^i ilfliiiis'lpiifiif^fliJ^sjff^n'uo-j Tjjfi wfoi'W'wqwnmjfni
impi^0on^liJ'lwiijjpil^rf0pifi^0-3miiisfTU0fi^io fl^iTu lanusfniijfl^piio-Joiflftjm^fJn^u
ml ^unffw (2544, viijh 1) nf)'nfl^fniu^ifrfyu0-3iTnwsmi;ijjfllQ'3i lumf
^0fnilw?iPiiJisfliT''U niiijj?iflPiifl'u<iifii/3;^iiilwviiJiniili4e^^utTa-3iB-3inn<nnus;m?^-3
mKmnjjfllumi^ofniJj'HUiaH^fi^i fuviniJ^o^fnifoiinfni mnjjfifmQuSwafl'ofm
25
flmmSifliintmia'iOTi tfleuwisiaehwa'wyms onpnijjfiihimjatfaNaiiiiiriilfHiei'u'le
vtmi@ freemen (2537, rmi 237) nan^nnn^infyua-ifniijjfiH'Ji miijjpi
iilufmchtinaflfirmf firmmh fmjjmiw wfaijfaflflflaijfffa TfiaHma-a fiiwiainilnfEn
fii?i5j -3Sfi'3iij^iafyii0ninn!)si9wfi'3isj^iflfy1w TUfn?^Qfni^il?s'Heifpi
2540, HUT 6 - 9) M\
(1) ni5trfn^3Ju%j^3JT^WBnni^^i3i4ni?sattf^jJw^rajj iJB^mifi'Mfisifi'u
ififjliiSfini D'ieilfi0! uPiNadau'iJiliJfffmiJtTuufiufniJj^iilDi'WEi-aupi 'WPifsjTpi^Q^^QEjfliI q| q qj qj
(2) mitrfn^^SfniN fnirjfijnuiifurfn^fnnjjmiT) fiis^ufmu^jJWB
uniJis^ifi3j?^ iiJilisi<nmifislu5S3iiTafi iw miijjPiDQ^iTnfni^ uaswimnififjImifR^
(3) ni5iJfsnsuenS'w fn 'Mfii.il'u^g^yi'HMaiO'n tnfnilfstTiifiQiJj^iif^
I^jiniNns9di-i3-39iwfii -9iiniw iilv!9nw^l'9-3f)ie)'H9fifni3Ji1<H^niJfntn iiusjtIi 9u?jj
trill ipni mniPimwtt^3JfifUfn9fJi^ej-3tn'HiU3jtyi)e) wn^fnfWfimwfrQYi-nej
ETspnn ibswefa tm^fliJisTfJW 1l3J'iiflsiflumi'inifni3j|fnnijm9'u1<Hu' njQfnijj^amaa fm
w a/ o ay qj =>UDalEJtnflty 11-3314
ntu^nay "bviEJsnak (2545, hiji 2) na'i'3li3a3fntasnauua-a'nniysfmfta
(1) TJIPI (speaker) fl9 ^0^fniimfl^99f1^fni3j| fniUffo fllUjffffl Ylf 9
ilisneu i^vj "Hij^njiB^ ug^^iadi^ fnviilisneii @Hfemitn?^ t'weliifni'Wflimq
26
(2) mQvnnis (speech) He fuel!s^g-imilufmuf fmulo^fni nf 0
fl8u tMiiVh m euusihi'Hf
(3) wvh (audience) Iiq wimilQ'Hitms^nfiWTO w^iisnjfifQ-as'mowyjfl5/ 3/
uasi'Wff $u@\ $i\ \ ii$\ f\ mimf}f)iim\ ri\ \
ii-afl fifing^ (2540, vmn 10 - n) nvmii mi'Wfiiil^mi^QfnfuiiiJ
IWCyHVlh (Face to Face Communication) ISVITUljflfl?) MUM fmiJjfl'OtJlhsmjfmu 'Hf <D
(1) ra?) (speaker) iflu^QtnsilJ^ vi^ ^^9-9llOT'3fniUtnjJ1Itlll4mi'W?l
if tc i i a> q )/ di d *il r q 9 VaA $Jqa 3/ q in V i <^
510111
(2) tms mmunnwinn (speech) wwfm^TOifg-afiei'usi'uVi unsflfmuf
(3) W l^ (audience) fn?^9fn?fniU'H3Jimilwn)lJ'3a4fnii?l?i9Vn-a^flU^S^
qj qj CU qj qj qj qj qj(4) lflf9-9fi9l'Ufni^9fni3J'HU1J (coinmunication channel) tftvilliltimmm
fniu f^fiwnSfiD9^wwfi1iJ1'Hfi'u^-3 i^w ma-a ^miji giniJnifJi Yiivn-aimsQi^njjliJfl-a
(5) fnnjJ3J-a<H3Ji)'nf8Hfi^mfi!nfifnn5j?i miijj^'nn^fi^sl'g^S^^'HJjia
3* @
4. mimmmti'um'svfBU'nniizm'S'yin
esifm nflitm (2543, "Hun 81 - 83) n?mf mi^m?i1tmnnftf9^viifitisfm
27
(1) ftofmufmarew^n
(1.1) itfusimufMUQwfenTw
(1.2) imlmiamiflfli'wmQnleruuw'Ufm
(1.3) iTmimjiksnoijS'UfniJifm^jjg nain eein^T. iecji 'Hu^
(1.4) 1mTm1tiimi1?j3jh0iijfi"m
(1.5) UQfiyn-jlil^ifi 'Hy^
(1.6) idimH
(1.7) SifHIU
(1.8) imeufmufiflmu
(1.9) U5iaitim2fmaf^fif)a ttcnufi
(2) flintsfufh'HsiJfmar9'mjfl
(2.1) 'uefmu
(2.2) flTW
(2.3) flftnufmtu niiniiij
(2.4) IfT^iiifr'uilnial'iw \ Y\l\ mmum mww iv\ inY\ ru
Scott (1962, p. 70) ifnj8WPiawli4fnitTouuas;nf)ni?ul<umitVjpi1^u
V t i
(3) uufmUmmsfmd'iEilQ'u mTlln9s;nis;tnTniJ'M<Ha-3flnnitTiiQi'U0<Hi
fT?il1 '3i^nni:^niii1oiif)i?ireij<iifiy2;fii?yjfi^o^iJis;n0iJ '3Ejnt)nfiiJ mi
28
5. ixmifinuanjJTicil'ufrntism^fl
vCarroll (1974, p. 135) ifl^SfllJfllilJtnmifli'Unii'WAiil 9 ismj ffaCl
ISfttJ 1 IS^lJNiwitJiljJI^ (non-user) H1jflllJfriinitimlfl'Hf01NflfnUi1 mfJ
ISfllJ 2 SS3UHl#fn 'l1$mniU8eJ (intermittent user) WWflflninieiWAiflVwa-afh
fT9-3fh
1SA1J 3 SSAllwi'imiiniflBinfl (extremely limited user) mmzwmznmznf)
mlsiNfiiigyn mi^iJvittiJviwiiJi-atfQiJ^iiJtTijJiici^fjl^etii-apiema^il'ife-alfiini^fjn^ia-a
?u1mi?ii!)fni3j^inaj unfjfi^i0?)?i1ij1 i
i^^u 4 is^uwilinyiineijfisromf) (margina user) Niwtnaj'ntimjvivn'IflVieii
I i im'fiB'U'iin^iil'UfjtTTJ'nvniiei'iJ 1iJtnuiiei'uifn5tTuviUTHf QeBibial flfniuejnnaTUini'u
milwu jjij'uefj 2finjjuflnei@miniseiim 3 Pi^-a^gtrwviuiflfmjjmlflHW'ueaunnn'ing
tfUTlWillJISJRU^ 3
?smj 5 5SJflljyl fntn1pillJiUnn'3 (modest user) HljjfltnJJIIfl^Qi'OfniJJ^inQJ
Iwmitnjvi'uiipii ff-3infiafnn)0^fn'ynuasiQ)ifiifu^fl68'0Wfivi?nfi piiQ^cnu 'nfocincnuiilv!
fif^fim mol'nil'iflfmjjwifl'u nnPifmjjfide-aiificiiim^fmjjtninTtiiumi'uitnjviui hi pi
8 <w <wpin8)w^i simwfnitfuvitjnlmiplijjfieejiiiinjl!) liiSaail'Ufm'Wfl
5S5R1J 6 ISflll^HttlJJIIfil^mWila (competent user) HVjPltnjJUClfltli'U'HQ IO'M
i i t@ Vfl^fralfl wflenuif asnJiiaiuf owigflifl Ytqmnm eijjpipisnn^snniil'ufil' fim Sfmumuno
lumifiiuifa^iTwvi'uila
SSfllJ 7 ISflU^Hfnwilfiifl (good user) NiJjflfnuiiOia'ilfe^i^lWlfl'U imsjfi
m^HH fnjjiififf'uviuilpiiedi^ifl'uife^iS'um upiijifido-ainn'iTn fnimnffapnumimjYi'ui
ISJflllJ 8 I^^UwMmini^Uin (very good user) VjflfnjJUOTJjfli^Qdi^filJiSjSviS-
nvi\ tnimoihfmmj'mn aimuif o^fie Djneffniuimmsijjfii lDfnijj^inqi
liQfifnnSFSI (eflttii l^ffltTBI, 2538,11^1210-211 ; 91>30^flin Oiler, 1979,
3.321) l^niV!iJ^mtucnfii5l'Hfia;ui4'um0im-3is^ijfiQijjjTi3Ji5f)li4ni5Wfi ^S
fmaanulra^
t V
29
Vunfitst V
5) i3jflni?89nmej-3Hfi^vl 1wfi uwQia^vl-JSQn'iiiflijfiupinviwijjPi
6) @0fimej-3im'HS9'umiuo-3mtn'Mn0fJi>3 lu'SiQ^ieejiiifl'Ufi'Upii^^i^
2) SviwAQfJ'Nflrij-uflmo ij-jQ^fniiitnin^o'UQEJjjinl'Ufnil'KiiJ'iJi^'Iyfi^
3) SfiweiiJQeifiK ikfi3fliiij1dfnmic)1#iiJiJisIemvmifmjci la uasyhliiv
4)SfiRflTuunfifa u'-3Q^fmu1iJtnuiio1lf'LliJii;lt)fiin-3i)isIfjfi1fli m\
6) S^wpilu'in'u 2 uvHimsvm-afnimjn'ttJfu
rhflVm
1)Hflwviwfl'n uajuflluniimjvi'U'ufgw'U'n viiiiJ
2) I^^\ ^1lf inpi05jupiniii5jfiif8^ff'3'upii'3'wv43nwufis;fi'3ijj|3ii5'u1i4nii
4) |ffvniYn-a iiifnf-5iw0iS<N0tJi-aiwo-3<H8^!)S'i5jfi^e)if0^^PiutT\ 1fliil\
"wifftjifl fmjjfflPNii'nTn 111 ^Qtil'Httijjiicirjfiaejifo 'nilili^i iip!^Sfni'w c5iuf>sj'3fn'u
5) ffli 'wiivn^fliiifnuiiiuasjQ'wiSnnii-jimsiijJuai Iwvi'n'n'aiilmm' qj qj
<H8^iosu^ilsyvnfiiTuiJgiJ (!KUi!tf8t4llfl ims1wTyi1\ itfni4mituvn^^fiufii-3ci la
6) iMT4ll^W'3nflT-1^'n^f1QT~3llflSU3J'Ufiil'Hy9'UiTllJlllin)0-3f)n%J1^1?l!''U
fm&itniflueti'Ufl
30
2) "Hfi'ihuimms'Wfiflsnfiflsnn onmjibsieminH meibsiafifi'HfiJeu
3)wemimsiiJfif 'ugtJ ! imitasi&fifmfllaiikij
5) WfiMfifio^ U?iff^ifiife4fniiiinu3s;fniu5iui1yii1\ fnivj?i
1) whmitruYi'U'ufmwu'n im'uiisnjaain'uiiJ
2) inn ifHieuTO-ami'wwi'n imsiimisewu'n PiTUfY-jfiuimsYie-jmaQYiijnfi^
ftifiQti-3^0-3lii <i5j9:i ie)'w?ii!5i ufisiiouiloufniuiiifi^ofifif iieaTHfalTi^TjjPifliQEnJfuinin
5)mlio/ntJii5jPi80i-5iJn u8^^Sfn?^ntn1 1ij'nnif8^ ynn'utfiuTy mm
6)ml'oininijjPi'nnedi-j'ia^^iilwfniHfntninjuYn^m? ^nuiumwTWfi
ivmouniJilhni^m^ififjmiflnini)
fnnufnin^nl'umi'MPiilfsnQii^Qo fnijjfida^tififiilijfniil'fnin mimjfmu'Hina miH
2538, "mft 210-211 91^9^?1f1 Oiler, 1979, p. 321)
31
6. fmiJffw^fiismi3tfnwsnit$4uasm)Msfm^jA
Widdowson (1983, pp. 59-60) nfmil fmfta fl0 fmjJfrumflYUsi'flh'U'JI
ims;tninff)m!)ni Tns;il5s1t)fi^Sfni3J1H3JiE)pi5-3niJTiPioiJ5s^^1ufn5vl^ uazmriyuinlu
tr-3tni iwnnijj^flfniitfiniiJ^fj'uiJ'MiJiyiisiM'ii-iNijjPinuHvl^ iflvmniJg^'u^UBi'WQ^e
Asher (1979, pp. 17-19) if oil ^^imami iiauniiyiuiJiJB^iflnrie'UYufifm
tri3Ji5n^^niMiJ^^nl3Q0niJiiTyi)2;^9-3WiiJilii;iYiJfi^fuliJnii^^jjnn9'uiJin3Jie)1i4<ffiJii?fi
mnflsjfiQo ! mouuiiijni?Kjiit)ifii'3oni?^8fi'3iu'Hint)Tpiejmiifia9'u1<H'39Tia'3sp!i-3ffi U94
y
aia ^i9iii wwm?is;tTJjt)-3uas;is;iJiJil5s;ttTn<u!)^ilintnjJiftii1fJuffni -3n8i4fniii5jpi tfaim
l !nnm?^iflnvl^imsml!)fnui Mfe^inpiiflflinfni^mnijJtninfcnjjfiifljjinn'iiMW-jai
wiimi^vjfi9i4nn5i1e)<ufiiiynIfi )BiiiJctfiSIfiejiiijflinfn5i'Hfniut?i^fysiia^mivl^ imsfmu
1i4wu5n<n 8i cnil'Hinpifni3jflrufrvilwfniiit)nma-9im2;fn?flimt)>3^gnpii9-3 nHiTniiow^n
32
1 Mamjeujwrnicnaaj iim 3 u i,,
7. ni'SWM'UifiiiiJfriJJiffii'Mm^nit'neiiiiinQ^nqa
Krashen (1983, pp. 21-35) WflTlumini fmimiSmflTufmffaYlA lll-Utf-avi
^imyfiQW^BSjfniniEiTjjfil i fmjj0fn3Jiifilumf'V|jfi!)sinfifitu1lii]ififnivl^^wf)Qiii<HinEjIpi )
mwrnvniJ ^f)0fi!)<ul'Hnfiil'uniiinii^ija0e)i^i ti-3tnQl<ufni t)fni3j'H3Jie)m?fi-39onjji
miiitcufn^tTQW fiQiiil^1enitriTiiTnt1ow1^niJ|'uifiifvii^fiiiJiTinTii^1'H3Jifi^^i<iii^!)s
iiiuin^OT ufi2!'W'3e)'wajwifni3JflPiiJ9-a'uniio<u1iifn5^9fi'3i3J'H3Ji i1laf)f^ mitfawinnysfiw
lll'UliDliailou^lflw^mitlll' wf afifniUVIina (comprehensible input) IJflif EJTjlaJfJfllTgmjl'H
iseisim-afniuiiejij (silent period) wtwunniifln'knYimvmi iianii isasjim'^miia (waiting
period) cH'3iJm1yU91flfl9Um49^QymiJin@i'm (total physical response) miTO'UTiTflUSfnf
f1wi?3JKI'W^ll f)15ra9fll'U0IHn^l<H3J1S?riJnilT'yiJ9-3'Ufll1yi4
mnantjcu f^uW(253i, -hui 74) I ftiilmi'waj'ui @nnwsmiffauasfmi/jfl-h
?lefnim9nn!)n5i3Jfnn1 ejunijtraii?!^6! WmjjistTJjniJT'piQiJ^str^n 9iy imsfniu^g-anif
uQ^iTfiilow uasl'Ufnilln^9^Hnfnvi9ff3Jfni l^ii^^iylTi'Ufniy'winpifnijjjjvilDunfiyig uas
m9u^!jsi5jpi1'uisj (spi9in I'uniiTOTJimiijjfi fn5lln9di-3i3<u6u'u^9W snn 'iei'liJ'Hiajin ^a
^Ininfiiiluuiini ilislfjfi 'iejffi fnic?ntn3j'Hf9fni?i0u^noi3j-3iiffi IpiymiS<uisU9-3fi| tt9w
^Yi5iJiJisTejfiifw|iwuasnQi^9di-3^9iW9^1iJni)n!)n?i3jni^pi\ ni!aw!)sfTiijiifiHiJissfij-
tfnym Qnmi^ifins'H (2530, nwi 20) Hfmui'HW'ji nismufmlfe
3/ , ( if 2>
VllWifJ Vjf9^13VI3Jl0gi1)s1^^9 i5^9im^911ttyl^niJ6U9l|ilin^?l9<U^f11--3niJ^^^W^9^ni1f
33
ffi'mi uasijjPlQOi^i? NWflfl8^fll'H jnfl9<l msm (Accuracy) mintJtrJJniimn'UfmfU fiflTlJJ
mf)l (Fluency) HtYfl^99f1Vn-3fni3J'H3J1j1m?lv!9d^a SfmU jflSW OTIUU (Accuracy) imsilJ
^si ^Snpigiil imu (qrimi Hrwnwmism, 2530, nin 20; guB-a'oifi Byme, 1978, p. 9)
i)y9EJniJtTfnwm5QiimsfmuininiciU8-3UpliisiJfififi mira'uifni -3- pifntJi9^nqyifliu1iJ
liiiiniIniiJu1^Sl9nniT \ iinnwsni5?1^- PiJii^i9-3nq iM^5-3<uv! QBniftrg'ufiitne miy
mIl1e)'um1 r8 4fniJ^9^f1q QBfn^trgu^wil'yjtyi^^DSi^ntn uasilta'i'minfiHafipiQfm
^UTnniJSmivi^-inui^fiqtf ^9fnifT9uIflfjllllVllJTMtnJJJ^ (role-playing)
8.1 -nm&jflieiimlisinfi
ilis^viS nsiJ'Mqny' (2542) ^ntniNU-ii flQijjfnimflTufmvfauasfmijjfl
c/ a/ i=i d In I'd/ *^i =l ^myi8-3fiqunj9-3V!fiiie)'uvi Ifif Dm5wn?nuuvnviq gfniir9i4fninuiJiJ9iici|Ty u
fiiiiimjJiii1wnii; ^ufi^ni?^fii^i8^nq^^nQnuni1e)'U^1 !'iifiiTtT9iJ?)niJfiS8fi?
f^ien fj2tnf)fii (2540) nrnwim 'uniifJij^l fiifniittQ'UfniJi^QyiiJuiJU
miKn'oniiJj^njini'Ufn^n'nnusfnifi-jfn^ijjfi flfnintnjjuog-an'iifniitg'ufning-inqij
pnufiSgfiiufisiiii'H'Ufiiiejunm^Pi nmtmspi^ggfiim^Hniunei fiqtii^m^fifig-aufidi
tji'wu? nflfatf-3 (2543, vfun 55) wimyiim ilniieiviSfnijjtnunicii'Ufni
fi^uasfn 'Wfifninei^nqD 1fie)wni1e)'u^1 l'ufnillnpmjviqi)gB5iJjtfniiJis;n9Dniifn5^
nflniiundumjwuB Sfi'3iii?riJJi?Qlv!niiijjfi?[-3fi'iTuni1tJW^1 fufn?llntT9(upnjjfj 9fi|
8.2 -aTwilTfjpii^iJ'ssmfi
Cicekdag (1995, pp. 59-64) ^nui wuin @umitmfnslmfef'uiijfni'ni^iu
7iijnijma9HiJinej1wm4'9^niviy^tmsnl9iMmfini5i1fJwfvii-3f)iiJifia9fi?v!flfi'3n3JtTiJJiici
t i @ y
34
- f ? Him rmenags i wig s u ip!
Escola (1980, pp. 1985A - 1986A) SflUTWim miBPin<Df15IUfnin8^nqi
^i fiimifrQ'UPnsjilfii
1. flimilmnniBsnisitf'iJiiinrifmijei
miKuviiJTntTjjjjm8'UQBfniMi4'3^H1ii'3'3mi'THiifi9ij'3-9nii9ij wifuii
efaueifl n.ff. 2500 mellnTOJJiiiyivn? UntTfi'unfl'u^S' liJSilisfnjfnituvn^fniCv! wawr
tlvj mnfl3Jfm3Vimi0l3J?fH4 (American Management Association) ifl'UIJJIllfuiJ^III'Ul^fni
^inDi<W9"3nw^f)S5'ni-3Tul'u^Tuy1ii^^i]y'Hi^n-3<n natj^DSfliiQQnliJ iwil^sneiiQiOT
Moreno ^uviyia^iQnawui ^iMfufntnaifniin^?^ (bj. Biddle, 1979 p. 6)
1iJll Vi.fi. 2477 ifltllieifiQBmi'd-ii I^IflfliiJJI (Psychodrama) t^ei'HWllQeJmiD 'UtO^llfiS
uniuiJfyvn^mpifluniJPi'uiQ-ji^
Corey (1985, pp. 197-198) n?iTi^fn?Huviinyifr3J3JOT0mil1 'ii miKuninvi
fT3JUPiKfni3Jioiiil'u mmiimfi-399nyn^!)?i iiftsia-asnuif nwi 111 tonuwqugmiiufnibmn wu
vwi'MQmiimizw @nqy^mi'nm'iwiiftm YiqyQuwumvfnilinmttluflummz "nqagmilii
aiilfntfiuuiJiifins'H mi^efni^u'wwB sswrNijfifia viqugnif iiiaiiJfntniiuii'Minian
m^waiias9ii3jaf imsj-nq^gnifi^iiJfniiiuiJii'wq^nifjj'uoiiiumiufTPi-aii'nuTnsujjinjg-a
11UfninfliJl'li-3l1oVfl!)^d9l>a;'t4 iflilU^vl ftna flff?l?n (Jofferson Towonship School District)
Imflyw?i?3j'uiin1l!ifl'Ufil' mn?fwiUNUivnivi^mi^n'yi tl'w.ff. 2504 iQtr 1e mfn (s.i. Kerch)
1 iwimm?T?i^iJ'nin<ta?rii3jiunHnu'un^nin nlaifliau^irio'uasnUflfra'u ^jjafslaifnatj
(Oregon) fTvifsamfm u?itijjni5i';tfijyiiJTiitT3jjj^iii5in^fni fiyi1iJiili4^)e3jfii miftiu
I'HfjjRfi'iifnfjiffPi-auviiJTnffuu^iflij -j^Wfmjjff fitTvnw iiiiliMfnisjfgsii^iflwjnis
UQfi^nnfmjjfTijnjTuiw gunis^^il "w.ff. 2508 ^iflw^aaufuiraQim5<HfnejD'UQ-32\ w<u
2. fmu'HwiauQ^ni^ufrfl^ynuinflrmiei
iiiiiJTn?ru3j^iilwt<nfi'Ufi^'ui3JilGKii4mi?ra'y^B<H'u^ SwfHfneiiiTuwEnu
fi'aiij'HJjiejnja^nifutTfi^ii'niJTn^uiiiiQTifnfJiJisfntliiejnw OTntw
35
inam ivmmrmj tu oasm (2544, wiri 135) njrncmjYiiJTnmjijem rq nnH
mUjf fTUfl^UQ^PI 1419-31
vnv\ > ijiifh (2545, @nun 53) fifhif unu-mmjijim iilufmfrfwTi&Hfm
v i
mxn imjjjjjqS (2548,^*41 358) 1pilT?fniJjMJJit)liQi i3wi5m?^San Qii;i3v4
fifiDe^Piuiilu'Hfin ^T4W Qffn?'Ufl-3Ufn'w '3ol'HHtif)'U3Jl9fntTfrnin'3ifins;'HC)-3fmu|tTn3/
^^i^9n^e)i)infiii? 'Ufii^nfiiil'Hf)QiiJ'H3Ji va^iJviiJivifrjjijSiQ<ui-ilii4 tnun^otT^ili 'u
9/ufi Q9iii0ini5urf 490nTi^fliiJfi iJjf^naasviq niiii'i)@-3^ifoi4JJiiflii'iTiiJ99niJ?iejlunii
T4if?i\ tnjuiu (2546, vfui 105) iflndii^itasImnjije^miKmmi^iminvi
(1) m5?ii| en^jjflj fmjj|trn viffwfifi ^oifin Piflgpi^uiBmiunilfyHiflin
fiTS'H'unuas;fn7tl9VJtT <ui9>3ii4iNq fi5iu?ii-3'n ^^1eiimrpi-300n
(2) wifowSTomtrlfii^ntnmo'Hitnis; inn tleiu viqug nn moifliminpio ay J/avj A i <S! c*j a> a/ 3/3/ffimijni?ufiilfyHipnjj<nnguifi0niiJufni<w?Jii4iiiniiS!fn5'Hifmu|fn pi 1410-3
iH^wa imsQBim!jlty'Hiinnfni3jSpiU9-3fiqlu^v!tnn'Hfno ibsfmupiiej fniunpimfl0i4n<um9
wi-j^nl i i1ai4!)sjmu'nnw mffil-3 mie'nu mnjjfl uasm?i5ii4 maimiyw^nnmsK
#
36
(4) iftaTQnitri'MHiiej'uimmei-aQQn miif\ Tunmmz'w?\ Yi\ wu$\ un
mnmi m9miJ'3im9<uiJi>3fiyni3Jvlmn-3iiJn-3i^u
(5) yiiaiiiaSlQmfTiilatruiJfimmfr'UQ-smiifa'uf nHufmiimjf m\fi$ih
iflwqtu fjfuusviTHfalii odn-alf <ninfwuuH 'Hfalii iJiflt^ilQ^nuljJMinpiilfyvn'uifliQdi-ji?
v
4. an aisu0>aiJriuTnsri4itfi
xnim mjinu (2546, vmi 106) iflntinQ-januaisiJviuTnfTuu 'uijjii l'u
I'Hwiifj'uSfnnDtt^lufnidiejyieiFitn^sfniuieonjjni'uiiJDe-jmitmpi^ uas<ii1<HW6KUfn?
miiifliifmtrQu fie
(l) wilaimlswSijejnilfij'H'iiJiemtaifj uasnflsmibsiauvtosnhimjaTu
tfuvin
(2) iininvimjjji fls'uiiiJHme^e'ul'Q^fnii'Hwtiej'uiltTsvia'ueniijfu
(3) fmntfinqjijo-aijviinviinjjj^ iiTiuTiniYjjjjSflfmjjmen'iiQ^niJfmjjfl
5. @ei3i <HuiauasiJtj;Tfj 'U6U9^ni?l iinuTn0f34WCT
Vimn UUUUfU (2548, VfUl 358) iflndilfmAjJ^VmimmsdtsI&imiJQ-afmi^
UYiinvmujjeHTi^Ci
37
(l) ^Ej1iiHii)T4ll'ml!)-iiviq^niT}jei93jStrim^nni^wi1o<utlmiiTfi-3ij<nijnvi
Vin 3/ a 1 a 3/3/4 bi 3/ 3/^9 o/89njji Ifi fnfimfi^uninvifnjufifis^Qej mwi?yw lfi5s;inofnijjitTnt4win ggnun
wt1o'u|^ififn?i9ilf)1mnn
(4) ^Q)tr-3ifr?3jl'HWiiau lflul9fnmnsii9fi"mejjj<iiJ9-3fl'uio3 imsnTHantifi
jf d __i_ o
V t
flftnumifu
(7) 4it)\ Qfiv\ \ \ t\ iuT\ \ Yi'}uftzm'imtt\ \$ frmifr imii'mmjjje)
mvinnvwuimziiTim'umimmmmn'ummft
iiejiJifniiJi 'wqpiiJgiipnni'HunsfTuiilwm^iiilv!
(9) stf'3e)Nnl'HRl5)t4'iJgU?IPnjJD\ PI0U flQ |fTfl flfl niUVll
V(io) yimwmniwmiif\ i\ m%iHBt)\ \ i@v\ lumivm'imijjnijmnifi
uiliJ^flQiuHhlqnuuasfliiumjjfifi
(l l) -jai'Hfiii^fl'nwiiej'UQEJi^afi^meHiitiwimmfi^viq^niiiJQQnin
mliifl'utQ^sjifiiJ'u jjfnintiuitmsinnltifmuifTniis^wo'u ifiejvi'uniiEJWnis Inn lemtTYiPiae^
fnjjiio ifi 'ulfliiasjiinilfijvnil'
38
V
itimm wwHtwu ai eoBan (2544, nw 142) ndiiQ-amjaoii'im-aiminYifTyjjei
a v *i
(1) vudf imivM wmmfmuusthif mimifm msSiJihsili'UYitfifiaj if mi
imA-ftiYiinvimjjjpi mufmnwimpi-a fmnTHUfifhcnu imsnlfmihimje iMNiiti^mlflsi ^i
(2) tf'uiflimjfm wtTQuimsiliilisi iIaj'Hi QBfiii^fmuvn-jilflj'Hi mi
ifiifjumieBinej iPiitiumnitfPi-9 ims'UQmcnu'niiscnuw^^ mQluQW^utnunummiQiiilna
mnienamuvia^tinniiufTfl^iJviiJiyitTJJiJMflija^nqiJYi'osiUfrfi^iJviiJi'nrfiJiJpiflspio-amiajjfiii
MM
(2.1) ^nuTueya motflupuflnunfiibsfieuuviinvi
(2.2) tYfi-aimme^fmutwvioSinemnf) ehasfii ibsifliiilfyvnfm
(2.3) ^PimanNtm i^ ueuwunmiasuus'mlTiufTflwuiminYi
(2.4) iPiiujjninimsoilnifummtTfi-3
(2.5) iPii)uny-3TU^^nmiu0ifli4ai)a'n'ytu0fii)i
(2.6)Smiilfs mijfniinn^TunduQiifit -nie^iT mo^nfmufuHPiveij
uasfnisjctraaW
(3) uufmutTfN n9Ufniimpi-an/3iS^iflu<ut4Pi8u @w
(3.1) eSunyfl3fiinm9fmD'uiun?fif9-3vhsufT^ m^vimm'um'um
@wqfl-nsiunjQ-afivi'lflfivm'm m9lM^iininifi^snjJif9-i^gimpi^ 'l s)s;u9n<(if9ija
(3.2) utTfl- 'iijtf'uemuffo'NUN'uli @vQiziiftmni'iYiuYixiTlYimiimmz
\ ^M^<e\ u fniHififQ^ijenamt)^ m0i'H^vi-3liiJfnfs;1pinf^flIi-3Wi?v! imsfniSgiJfiitu
iJ5s;n0ti iim ilieiilf s;mfr i"W9iii [viii Jil<oif g^l iafiu
(3.3) m8DUfn?iiiTpi^fn?Sfni^iJisiflw iii fi^iRStfiwiiulufn?
(4) <ffuiJ5 iSv4imsl'H<u9^titi8unau ^rf9iifni'winianli?<u9R uM^snnfn5
imeu m9iiiyimii4ll rimj<Cf8wpiyiaifliJ8^fnii3ii?fii8l<ufnfil? ifl'u wiT9i49ifit)s;<wtn7QiiiiiJii
39
iJ?2;t0i4 1'HWi1ejwiJis;m'unii'iii4ii4lijngiJ3jiiJisn9ijnii'Wi)i?fui1iifis;imy thui'Hsyfml'tf
t V
IfioijJliiNiifj'u l ilf^miiniJjjineiJQififlsijirafTiijmQ-j^iniii^fiwiiJtTijfiQii fisimijme)
ni5HiiviiJivitr3Jwmfl\ niiiiJ3EJtJuiJfi-3iJiiiinnfT 9>3ni?i1tii4ni7iiEj'uni5tT9<wwiijii1^ifi
vifan ihjjju&I (2548, miji 358-359) na'no^nisjuQwmilwfnilvmiutTPi-j
uvunvmuueilim l3JQit)s;iilumf1 iiYiuivitTuu^uuuiPiiEJ3JiiyiHyjf93j -HfomjuiiiSuvi
mv l injiflitiumi iiii>390fitilij 2 fiaw fie
l. miu!)nuD-3uasinTH'UfiU0uitup)<u9-9!1tiJ'Hnfip2; i9-3Qmtis;'Hiiejnue(t;
" a SMI 3/ @ w <s <h *a ay aa y y a d d AtrtiTUfmai eofunm Ifmos bftgilfy'Hi Hie^viPio^fni'vlviHitejui'H'uiicisiieiviinQfniJj
V 3/i<DEJ(uu<uv!<ufni '3ejl'H jiiej HnNV4fn?iinilfyTnims;pififr<ulio
fiioi?!)s;mnf0^?T3'Hf0il?^?rijfnifutr3jjj^1'HHii)'u^^
11405^^3-3 ni?iitr^^fl^^Qejlii^ufrfi-3uas;Hsifjjm1fliiviiii'M^SaniJ!usti?ifi?ii'3nii490nliJ
tmfi-ainmn^nijfniuiil'ui)?^ 9iD!is;ifl(uuiJiJ^fj<r| @ovmwuu'Hivm
miipiifjjjwujj imsy^mpimifuiflt4^flii3i4 lu't uiT'UfniQHiJ^immsfniQififis'H'H^fni
5. miiPiiejjjfniu'wfgjjfigwfniiifTPi^ Sfmufliiil'ulufniufTPi-jiJviiJiYi
rnjui oi^impi^5fnnjjtnnol flsimpi-3iil'u1iJpnjj ?iJj iR ins;iT%4R9^@ufl fm3Ji)?svrajIi finu
40
?
6. fmufffl-a fmiiluiikiusmj'nfl idSfniwuetafvu mgwim^^fiii
7.2 figI3JiN9^?stfn1 'iiifQ^ii'3til\ 9m^1i tiiimpi^pigiil
7.3 ^utffi^1jJfnui5iutr?i-api9iilvlfii mn^infimimliiRfiin^ilismi
7.4 fmiuwamfg-a
miiim^miuvtm Dsiil'umiQnilnejiQKnwis'H'ii^Nimfi^imsw^tn^fnffu
rf ** " </ "
RutT^^lm3^iwyfiinuf^nu3^mw9fiin3J^^mi4n9uimQl^1iiw^in^niifuitrt49fiQi^^^mw
mi9fliJne)!)s;ifli4uiJiJpi^lliJ?i?^inufi^m<u^m^eu9^miutfPi^ uas'wqiniijj^imfl^ggfijji
9/ . -V3/ i 31 <
w^ 5 'U'uucifiiilaejwiJf sfrum^aiuastfiij
Ni1tiwvii^ott5iJwf9il'uwQfiii3J^5Qi))9^i)inManni5ims^^9wluniifKij<iiiii<nfT3J3ji
ffan?m
flriillem fmKuviinvimjjjSij 2 it m fmifliamj'n'Hfnwtfi imsmiisj
iiOT^iiviiJivifrwijifi|lia^nivfWfinjaiJinj^^o^ilaMifrfinunn?futTii3j iiasiJviiiivitTiJjjt K^fi|
7. 6U9luas6ii'0 inVi6U0-afn^1'lni)n'aiiwiJiiuTniri4u^
fimn uuuwm (2548, rcui 361) l^ndi'3^iuolufis6ug^in?iD9-3fnfiOTDnfi-3J
3t
41
(1) miJQ5tT91UYi '3e)vnl'Hyiia'uinfifmjJiinl9fniJj|ttfiuas;viq?)nii3jfU9-3
(2) iflm5tT0y^^Qolw (,1ejiiSfiQijjml?ims;infini5iilatJviiiilfi-3iflpifi ii?)s;
wen imioufmiiQi'taminliYlBm infifmiiaufvimw
@wqei-fmjm-wu
(3) iilluiB?T9w^ -3yTO<UTiinDs1t4miiw5fyit0TUfnifu flVimjli) ims
iiniJtym
(4) iil'uiftTe'u^^iEjliiniiiief'uniittQijSfniijifiamy-aniJfTfnvifmuiil'u
6uoioinVi
1. tflmB?T9u^l(mQ?njJinyi9mjfm
2. iil'UQBfTevi^la^ai^miiPiiejjjmiitfism^flPimioeJi^ifinjj'Hinlifimi
X.
3. iiluiBtTQufilis-aeiifafniuiiiiJfmfijf (sensitivity) "ue^wfleuvnn
mijijfljvraem
4. iilwniifT9\ 'M0i9-30ia[ejfiiiJJiTi3Jiiein)9^fiii1v!fniunilfyvni<u8-3innfni
iJfutrcn'UfnisutmsiJis^viiMRiio'mnfimiiiEJ'ufil'
8. ^I'UiflafHnai'ua^mjimu'marwwe)
8.1 ^luifft/hnhsmff
nfml) lemen (2529, mji 78-82) dieiijmaijfmim'ui'oufisHaff jjqyi?
iiyuIpioifjrQuuiiiJii'viiJTntniumm^ftTQwuuii^nufjSefii H^m^iwm iWnii @uniieju^
1^i!'ijnnitT8'u1?i )iBiT9iiuiJiiiJvii)i'nff}J3ji5wa3i'ijqvi5'ni-3niii1fj\ fiitjn0-aficit) miH-3-ijjfi
natnlW ufhpmtm-a (2533, nw 59-64) nJiauiviau^uqnBWci^u'Mnus
miffa uasvfoi/sfmijjAfnineNfiq'y @Mviximitm'vuii-Bmifinviilri l fillejulflejiw'OfmN
42
f
D'Muinffjjjj^fiiJiBtTa'uiiiJii -tjj i wafniwflfsiUfl'h iTniiauvuimnflalOT'OfmiJiminYi
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45
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