UW-CIMSS Advanced UW-CIMSS Advanced Satellite Aviation-weather Satellite Aviation-weather

Product OverviewProduct Overview

W. Feltz and ASAP Team

8 June 2005

http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/asap/

ASAP OverviewASAP Overview

What is ASAP? Why is this being presented at the

MURI workshop?? Aviation Satellite Research

Products and Collaborations Data access and references

Advanced Satellite Aviation-Advanced Satellite Aviation-weather Products (ASAP):weather Products (ASAP):

Primary Goal: Develop and Provide High Resolution (Temporally and Spatially) Weather Products in Near Real-time to Improve Avaition Safety

Who: A Collaborative Research Venture between NASA & FAA, NCAR, SSEC/CIMSS, & U-Alabama Huntsville, Funded by NASA to aid FAA in satellite data infusion into Aviation Meteorological Products

How: Develop applications to support detection of aviation hazards (visibility, turbulence, volcanic ash, convection, etc) using current and future satellite based instrumentation -> FAA PDT’s

What NCAR Product Development Teams What NCAR Product Development Teams might Benefit from Satellite Data?might Benefit from Satellite Data?

The Product Development Teams (PDT)s are:

• In-Flight Icing• Aviation Forecasts• Quality Assessment• Turbulence • Winter Weather Research • Convective Weather • National Ceiling and Visibility • NEXRAD Enhancements • Juneau Terrain-Induced Turbulence • Model Development and Enhancement• Oceanic Weather

Why ASAP Overview Why ASAP Overview Presented Here?Presented Here?

ASAP has provided a “head start” towards Broadband/Narrowband IR derived interest fields used for detection of aviation hazards. The FAA PDT’s had been under utilizing satellite information. ASAP’s mission to tailor satellite products for use in PDT “smart algorithms”. MURI has provided the funding for basic research to improve our hyperspectral resolution, and we are looking to use these data sets to simulate future geostationary hyperspectral resolution derived aviation weather products relevant to FAA and Navy safety concerns.

UW-CIMSS ASAP TEAMUW-CIMSS ASAP TEAMPI Lead: Wayne Feltz

(CIMSS Product Science Leads in Yellow)

Clouds: Sarah Bedka, M. Pavolonis, and T. Schriener

Convection: Kris Bedka and J. Mecikalski (UAH)

Turbulence: Tony Wimmers, N. Uhlenbrock, and J. Mecikalski (UAH)

Volcanic Ash: Mike Pavolonis, S. Ackerman, M. Richards, and J. Mecikalski (UAH)

Winds: Tim Olander, K. Bedka, and C. Velden

Oceanic Weather: Wayne Feltz and ASAP Team

Advanced Satellite Aviation-weather Products Advanced Satellite Aviation-weather Products (ASAP) Satellite Derived Fields(ASAP) Satellite Derived Fields

http:/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/asaphttp:/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/asapTurbulence

VolcanicAsh

Convection

Cloud Top Altitude/Mask

Validation

Cloud Mask and HeightsCloud Mask and Heights((Sarah Bedka, Sarah Bedka, Wayne Feltz, Anthony Schreiner, Wayne Feltz, Anthony Schreiner,

Mike Pavolonis)Mike Pavolonis)Products/Research:Products/Research:

– CONUS GOES imager/sounder derived cloud mask and cloud top heights

– Validation study completed (S. Bedka talk)– Composite upper tropospheric satellite cloud mask using

MODIS/GOES/AVHRR– Cloud typing algorithm for GOES/AVHRR/MODIS

Collaborations:Collaborations: P. Herzegh (C/V PDT) and C. Kessinger (OW PDT)

ASAP Progress/Needs:ASAP Progress/Needs: Determine where satellite cloud products will be useful for C/V and OW PDT

CONUS Cloud Top

Altitude/Mask

Validation

Global Composite

Cloud Mask

Cloud Typing

05 December 200305 December 2003

The University of North Dakota Citation flew below the ER-2 and released dropsondes.

NASA ER-2 Flight track GOES-12 Imager 11 µm BT

1515-2145 UTC (1015-1645 EST)

05 December 200305 December 2003

1924 1928 1932 1936

MAS image displayed with RGB (1.62µm, 0.65µm, 1.88µm)Courtesy of the AtREC MAS team

Time (UTC)

GOES-12 Imager Infrared Window methodGOES-12 Imager CO2 Ratio method

05 December 200305 December 2003

Red: GOES ImagerOrange: Scanning-HIS

Blue: GOES SounderOrange: Scanning-HIS

05 December 200305 December 2003

Differences exist between the SHIS and planned space-borne hyperspectral instruments. However, preliminary results are encouraging for the future of satellite hyperspectral technology.

WindsWinds(Kris Bedka, Tim Olander, (Kris Bedka, Tim Olander, and Chris Veldenand Chris Velden))

Products/Research:Products/Research: – Mesoscale High Resolution Atmospheric Motion

Vectors (AMV)– Synoptic scale satellite derived winds (with

preservation of areas of high jet streak winds)– Interpolated to standard aviation flight levels with

GFS model used to fill data sparse regions– Validation ongoing vs ACARS, wind profiler, and

lidarCollaborations:Collaborations: J. Hawkins (NRL), C. Kessinger (OW

PDT), R. Frielich/B. Sharman (Turb PDT) ASAP Needs:ASAP Needs: Guidance on oceanic wind needs and

review possibility of satellite derived turbulence interest field with high density AMV’s

Oceanic Cloud Classification

• Multi-spectral GOES-12 data for can be used to classify the various cloud features present within a scene

• Features highlighted here represent 1) small, immature cumulus 2) mid-level cumulus 3) deep convection 4) thick cirrus anvil 5) thin clouds

1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 mb

1/120th of vectors shown1/30th of vectors shown1/5th of vectors shown

Oceanic Satellite Atmospheric Motion Vectors

• Meso-scale satellite AMVs provide detailed depictions of flow near convective cloud features

• Validation of AMVs using ACARS and wind profiler data is a future ASAP effort

Low Vectors (> 700 mb)Speed RMS: 4.15 m/sSpeed Bias: .87 m/sDirection RMS: 42.7 °

Middle Vectors (700 - 400 mb)Speed RMS: 4.52 m/sSpeed Bias: -.41 m/sDirection RMS: 27 °

High Vectors (< 400 mb)Speed RMS: 7.94 m/sSpeed Bias: -.05 m/sDirection RMS: 17.9 °

Okolona, MS: Differences by HeightSpeed Direction

Land/Oceanic ConvectionLand/Oceanic Convection((John Mecikalski (UAH), K. Bedka,John Mecikalski (UAH), K. Bedka, and T. Berendes) and T. Berendes)

Products/Research:Products/Research: Satellite derived convective growth product using eight

test methodolgy and mesoscale High Resolution Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMV)

Mature convective cloud mask (T. Berendes UAH)Oceanic product underdevelopment

Collaborations:Collaborations: C. Kessinger/C. Mueller/R. Roberts (Conv/OW PDT)

ASAP Progress/Needs:ASAP Progress/Needs: Five GOES imager satellite derived CI interest case studies have been delivered to Conv PDT and in testing

Utilize GOES-12 Rapid Scan VIS and IR imagery to produce 30-60 min forecasts of new thunderstorm development and the first occurrence of cloud lightning for use in improving aviation safety through the ASAP initiative

High-density satellite winds used to identify rapidly cooling cumulus cloud tops,

which coincide with regions of dangerous convectively-induced turbulence

GOES Visible Data High-Density Winds Cloud-Top Cooling Thunderstorm Forecast

Current Radar Reflectivity and Lightning CountsRadar/Lightning 45 Minutes Later

ASAP Convective Weather Analysis & NowcastingASAP Convective Weather Analysis & Nowcasting

GOES CI Product Tested ByGOES CI Product Tested ByConvective PDTConvective PDT

(Only High Resolution AMV and 10.7 um Cloud Cooling Rate)(Only High Resolution AMV and 10.7 um Cloud Cooling Rate)

Oceanic Convective Cloud Growth Product

• Satellite AMVs are used to track clouds in sequential images and compute cloud-top cooling rates

• Rapid cloud-top cooling induced by convective cloud growth likely correlate well with vigorous updrafts and strong CIT

30 Minute

TurbulenceTurbulence((Tony WimmersTony Wimmers, N. Uhlenbrock, T. Berendes, K. Bedka, , N. Uhlenbrock, T. Berendes, K. Bedka,

and J. Mecikalski)and J. Mecikalski)

Products/Research:Products/Research: Development of satellite/RUC derived tropopause fold product -

verification ongoing Investigation into a combined NWP - Satellite mountain wave

turbulence nowcasting techniquePattern recognition using statistical clustering algorithm (UAH)Study relationships between rapid convective development and

turbulenceCollaborations:Collaborations: B. Sharman, R. Friedlich, and T. Lane (Turb PDT),

S. Koch (NOAA FSL)ASAP Needs:ASAP Needs: Investigation into how satellite turbulence interest

fields can enhance GTG nowcasting, EDR data

Experimental tropopause folding productExperimental tropopause folding product: As part of the ASAP program, a product : As part of the ASAP program, a product has been developed that uses gradients in the water vapor channel to estimate areas has been developed that uses gradients in the water vapor channel to estimate areas of tropopause folding, which can cause turbulence. The product is compared in real of tropopause folding, which can cause turbulence. The product is compared in real time to pilot reports of turbulence in a web-based java animation.time to pilot reports of turbulence in a web-based java animation.

GOES Satellite Winds (Blue)

Winds Rejected by Model (Yellow)

Winds were rejected due to slower model backing winds. These diagonostic winds would be preserved for ASAP product purposes.

MODIS Water Vapor Detection of Mountain MODIS Water Vapor Detection of Mountain Wave Turbulence (ASAP Program)Wave Turbulence (ASAP Program)

1. 2.

3. 4.1. 03/06/04 MODIS WV image showing mountain waves and turbulence reports with 0=negative report and 9=severe turbulence2. 05/11/04 MODIS WV image3. IDV cross section of zonal wind speeds along 39th parallel (direction of flow)4. IDV cross section of wind speeds along flow direction with turbulence plotted

13km

13km

8km

8km

0km 100km 200km

The high spatial frequency structure was removed by application of a 20-level (1km) vertical averaging kernel followed by a 25x25 (km) horizontal averaging kernel.

LBLRTM (v6.01) was used to compute TOA clear-sky radiances across the SE/NW transect for each of the 5 time steps for both HVR-T and HVR-S. These were spectrally reduced by Kaiser-Bessel filter at GIFTS central wavenumbers for 3 bandwidths (1.10 which is GIFTS, 0.55 and 0.11 1/cm).

Volcanic AshVolcanic Ash((Mike Pavolonis, Mike Pavolonis, Steve Ackerman, and Mike Richards)Steve Ackerman, and Mike Richards)

Products/Research:Products/Research: – Development of operational satellite (GOES, AVHRR, MODIS)

volcanic ash mask, height estimate, and ash property algorithm– Operational products would be delivered through NOAA

CLAVR-X product and MODIS cloud typing products– Validation of volcanic ash satellite cloud top estimates– CO2 slicing and statistical cloud mask (UAH) is being analyzed

Collaborations:Collaborations: D. Johnson (NCAR), G. Ellrod (NOAA NESDIS), P. Herzegh (OW PDT), B. Rose (Mich Tech), F. Prada (CISRO - Australia)

ASAP Needs:ASAP Needs: Guidance on input into OW PDT volcanic ash product

9 March 2005 Mount St. Helens AVHRR Example9 March 2005 Mount St. Helens AVHRR Example“Easy Case” with Strong Split Window Signal“Easy Case” with Strong Split Window Signal

VAAC Height up to 11000 m

VAAC Height up to 6000 m

Retrieved heights agree well with VAAC analysis in the thickest regions of the plume.

Manam, PNG October 24, 2004

“Hard Case” - High PW, Cirrus, Land/Ocean

MODIS Volcanic Ash Cloud Top RetrievalMODIS Volcanic Ash Cloud Top Retrieval(ASAP Program - M. Richards Graduate Student)(ASAP Program - M. Richards Graduate Student)

Comparison to MODIS COComparison to MODIS CO22

Darwin VAAC estimated plume to be at about 15,000 feet (~4000-5000 m).

**Image area and color scales are different.

SummarySummary Several products have matured and ready for FAA PDT

evaluation (convection and turbulence in use) Validation efforts are ongoing for all derived satellite

interest field and products Means to operations or software exchange with PDT is

a high priority for all ASAP fields The ASAP focus will turn to IR hyperspectral research

in FY2006 which will include convection, turbulence, and volcanic ash research complementing Navy MURI goals

ASAP Research/Data/Publications/References:http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/asap