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7/30/2019 UTILIZATION OF PLASTIC WASTES AND WASTE RECYCLED PRODUCT AS HIGHWAY MATERIALS IN FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT SYSTEM
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A.K.Choudhary1, Ranjit Prasad2, K.S.Gill31Deptt. of Civil Engg., NIT, Jamshedpur
2Deptt. of Met & Mats Engg., NIT, Jamshedpur3Deptt. of Civil Engg., GNDEC, Ludhiana
PRESENTED BY:
A.K.Choudhary
UTILIZATION OF PLASTIC WASTES AND WASTE
RECYCLED PRODUCT AS HIGHWAY MATERIALS IN
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT SYSTEM
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INTRODUCTION
Development of a nation linked with industrial growth
Quantity of waste generated increases with industrialization
causing
a) Disposal problem
b) Environmental degradation
Good quality soil in required quantity not available locally.
Huge transportation cost of borrow material required thus
increasing cost of construction How to reduce transportation cost. Use of locally available
industrial waste : Blast Furnace slag coming out of the Tata Steel
(Waste recycled product-WRP)
2
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CONTD
Solid waste production in India: 39 million tons /year (2000)
Expected production by 2010: 56 million tons /year
Typical %age of plastic in Municipal solid waste : 1% (India)
Best way to handle such waste :Utilization in engineeringapplication
Application of Soil reinforcement : If found effective can be a
significant secondary market for waste plastic
Possibility of replacing costly reinforcing material like geogridshould be explored
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CONTD
Thickness of flexible pavement depends upon subgrade strengthand traffic intensity.
Soil reinforcement is an effective and reliable technique to
improve the strength of soil .
Geotextiles and geogrids are commonly used in engineeringpractices.
Waste plastic can be a cheaper alternative of costlygeorids/geotextiles for construction of low cost roads.
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OBJECTIVES
Effect of mixing different % age of high density polyethelene
(HDPE) strips on CBR value of WRP.
Environment friendly disposal of non-biodegradable municipal
waste.
To contribute towards the sustainable development of road
infrastructure.
To reduce the construction cost.
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MATERIALS USED
WRP: collected from Waste Recycling Plant of TataSteel at Jamshedpur
Specific gravity: 2.87
D10 : 0.075 mm,
Cu: 8.67, Cc: 1.04
Classification: SW,
max : 23.15 kN/m3
min : 19.91kN/m3
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CONTD..
HDPE: Purchased from a rag picker, at a price of INR 100 per kg
(approximately $2per kg).
Width of HDPE : 12mm and Thickness: 0.40mm.
Length of HDPE : 12mm [Aspect Ratio (AR=length/width) =1],(Selected) 24mm (AR=2)
36mm (AR=3)
Ratio of mould diameter to maximum strip length 4
(Ensures sufficient space for strip to deform freely and remains
independent of mould confinement)
Ultimate tensile strength of this strip: 0.36kN
and percent elongation at failure: 23% (ASTM D 4885)
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PREPRATIONOF SAMPLES
Strip content (Defined in present case): Ratio of weight of strips to
the weight of dry WRP.
Strip content selected for the tests: 0.0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 1.0% and
2.0%.
Preparation of specimens:
CBR mould of 150 mm diameter and 175 mm high
Relative Density of compacted WRP:17.54
kN/m3
Dr= 85%No. of layers: Three
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WRP MIXED WITH HDPE STRIPS
9
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CONTD.
Density of HDPE strip reinforced WRP layers kept equal to drydensity of that of unreinforced WRP.
Required amount of HDPE strips were randomly mixed with dry
WRP.
Mix transferred to the mould and a surcharge (base plate 148 mmin diameter) weighing 25 N placed over the sample (to avoid
segregation of the strips during vibration).
Compaction of specimen: vibration for 2 minutes on a vibrationtable.
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TEST PROCEDURE
Tests performed: As per procedures described in IS-2720-Part
XVI-1987
A surcharge plate of 2.44kPa placed on the specimen prior to
testing.
Loads recorded as a function of penetration (up to a total
penetration of 12.5 mm).
CBR and Secant modulus determined from Load vs Penetration
curve
CBR values reported in the present investigation are those of 5.0
mm penetration (CBR value at 5.0 mm penetration observed
higher than that of 2.5 mm penetration even on repetition).
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CBR TEST SET-UP
12
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RESULTS & DISCUSSION
Increase in CBR value due to the presence of HDPE strip content:
Expressed by California Bearing ratio Index (CBRI)
CBRI = CBRr
/CBRu
CBRr: California bearing ratio (CBR) value of reinforced soil
CBRr: California bearing ratio (CBR) value of unreinforced soil
Secant modulus: Defined as the ratio of load in kPa at apenetration of 5.0 mm to the penetration of 0.005m
(obtained from load penetration curve)
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Outline of Test Results
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CONTD..
Variation of load-penetration curves (AR=1) with different strip content (0.025% to 2.0%)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Penetration (mm)
Loadx0.0
1(kN) 0%
0.25%
0.50%
1.00%
2.00%
AR=1
Strip Content(%)
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CONTD..
Variation of load-penetration curves (AR=2) with different strip content (0.025% to 2.0%)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Penetration (mm)
Loadx0.0
1(kN)
0%
0.25%
0.50%
1.00%
2.00%
AR=2
Strip Content(%)
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CONTD.
Variation of load-penetration curves (AR=3) with different strip content (0.025% to 2.0%)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Penetration (mm)
Loadx0.0
1(kN)
0%
0.25%
0.50%
1.00%
2.00%
AR=3Strip Content(%)
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MECHANISM OF IMPROVEMENT
After completion of each test: Specimens were dissected and strip
examined
Many of the strips showed elongation, thinning and clear
impression of sand particles
As soil sheared during penetration, strip fixed in the WRP by
friction elongated as the soil deformed
CBR value of HDPE strip reinforced WRP at 5.0mm penetration
were found to be higher than those at 2.5 mm penetration
At higher deformation HDPE strip reinforcement is more effective
in improving the strength of sand by increasing the resistance to
penetration
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POSITION OF STRIP BEFORE AND AFTER SLIPPAGE
Situation (a) plunger pushes down particle C to occupy positionin between particle A and B
The strips resist the downward movement of particle C untilslippage between soil and strip occur resulting into a developmentof situation (b)
Interaction between soil and strips causes the resistance topenetration of the plunger resulting into higher CBR values
Strip
(a) (b)
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CONCLUSION
W.R.P., if reinforced in an appropriate manner, can be successfullyutilized as a construction material for road pavements, especiallyin low volume rural roads.
The addition of reclaimed HDPE strips; a waste material to WRP
results in an appreciable increase in the CBR and the secantmodulus.
The reinforcement benefit increases with an increase in stripcontent and the aspect ratio and maximum value of CBR andsecant modulus of a reinforced system is around 2.3 times of that
of an unreinforced system. The maximum improvement in CBR and secant modulus is
obtained when the strip content is 2% and the aspect ratio 3.
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LIMITATION OF PRESENT STUDY
Small size of CBR mould limits size & amount of fibre inclusion
End effects in small sample size is more pronounced
Despite these limitations large experience base and satisfactory
design method are in use based on CBR test results
Further study needed (a) to optimise the size, shape of strips(b) to assess the durability and aging of strips
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THANKS