Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Details
This is a project resulting from the “Genetic Engineering Workshop for Teachers” to provide teaching materials for genetic engineering topics.
Please direct any feedback to ASTE graduate student Olivia Horning at [email protected]
Genetic Engineering in Agriculture
START COURSE
Utah State University
1
Lesson 2: The Whole Genome
2
Gavrilescu, M. (2010). Environmental biotechnology: achievements, opportunities and challenges. Dynamic biochemistry, process biotechnology and molecular biology, 4(1), 1-36.
Lesson 2: The Whole Genome
1. Define the term genomics2. Differentiate between DNA fingerprinting and DNA profiling by explaining how
each can be used in agriculture3. Explain the function of restriction enzymes 4. Summaries gel electrophoresis and how the gel is interpreted 5. Explain the function of PCR and how it is used in genetic engineering
The Whole Genome
Genomics: The study of the genome which typically involves sequencing the genome and identifying genes and their functions (NAS, 2016)
• The study of genomes, complete DNA sets, is called Genomics. • 4000 species genomes have been published as of 2015, with
progress being made on tens of thousands of others.• Organism, number of genes, year completed diagram of
sequencing genomes.
Genetic Engineering in
Agriculture
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
4
The Whole Genome
DNA Fingerprinting
• DNA Fingerprinting is also known as DNA profiling • Like fingerprints are unique to
each person, DNA is unique to the person it belongs to, meaning it is traceable.
Genetic Engineering in
Agriculture
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
5
The Whole Genome
DNA Fingerprinting animation:
https://dnalc.org/resources/animations/gelelectrophoresis.html
Genetic Engineering in
Agriculture
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
6
The Whole Genome
DNA Profiling
Marker-assisted selection: The use of DNA sequences to determine which plants or organisms have particular version (allele) of existing genes. Markers do not become part of the plant’s genome (NAS, 2016)
Genetic Engineering in
Agriculture
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
7
The Whole Genome
DNA Fingerprinting vs DNA Profiling
• Text resource: https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-a-dna-fingerprint
Genetic Engineering in
Agriculture
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
8
The Whole Genome
Restriction Enzymes • Restriction enzymes cut DNA into restriction fragments. For
example, if the same restriction enzyme is used on different DNA samples, if they are cut at the same place that means they have the same sequence and they match.• Gel electrophoresis is used to separate restriction fragments
based on size using an electrical charge. Can be used on macromolecules typically proteins or nucleic acids.
Genetic Engineering in
Agriculture
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
9
The Whole Genome
Restriction Enzymes
Genetic Engineering in
Agriculture
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
10
The Whole Genome
Gel Electrophoresis• The fragments are identifiable based on the bands created in
the gel, shorter fragments move further through the gel and the longer fragments move a shorter distance. • Agarose gel is used. It has pores and electricity causes the
negatively charged DNA to more toward the positive electrical end of the plate. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDZUAleWX78
Genetic Engineering in
Agriculture
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
11
The Whole Genome
Gel Electrophoresis
Genetic Engineering in
Agriculture
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
12
The Whole Genome
Gel Electrophoresis Video Guides• Lesson 1: Collection of a DNA Sample• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uvyv9STONSY
• Lesson 2: PCR Amplification • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKUo4QV7emo&t=2s
• Lesson 3: Gel Electrophoresis of Amplified PCR Samples• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjJ56z1HeAc
Genetic Engineering in
Agriculture
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
13
The Whole Genome
Gel Electrophoresis Virtual Labs• DNA Extraction • https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/labs/extraction/
• Gel Electrophoresis• https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/labs/gel/
• PCR• https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/labs/pcr/
Genetic Engineering in
Agriculture
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
14
The Whole Genome
Polymerase Chain Reaction
• Techniques include the PCR, Polymerase Chain Reaction, which can copy segments of DNA for analysis, from blood or other tissue.• The Evolution of PCR• Polymerase from Yellowstone National Park?• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjJ56z1HeAc (6
min 51 sec)
Genetic Engineering in
Agriculture
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
15
The Whole Genome
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Genetic Engineering in
Agriculture
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
16
The Whole Genome
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Genetic Engineering in
Agriculture
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
17
Content Source
• Pearson Education
• Campbell Essential Biology (6th Ed.) by Simon, Reece, & Dickey.
• National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Genetically Engineered Crops: Experiences and Prospects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/23395.
Genetic Engineering in
Agriculture
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
18
