Verb To be and Present Continuous

Uses of the verb to bePresent Tense -

AFFIRMATIVENEGATIVE

I am ( Im )

You are (youre)

He (hes)She is (Shes)It (Its)

We (were)You are (youre)They (theyre)

I am not (Im not)

You are not (youre not or you arent)

He (hes not or he isnt)She is not (Shes not or she isnt)It (Its not or it isnt ) We (were not or we arent)You are not (youre not or you arent)They (theyre not or they arent)

AFFIRMATIVEINTERROGATIVE

I am ( Im )

You are (youre)

He (hes)She is (Shes)It (Its)

We (were)You are (youre)They (theyre)

Am I ?

Are you ?

He ? Is She ? It ? We ? Are You ? They ?

Past Tense -

AFFIRMATIVENEGATIVE

I was

You were

He She was It

We You were They

I was not ( I wasnt)

You were not ( you werent)

He ( he wasnt)She was not ( She wasnt)It ( It wasnt ) We ( we werent)You were not ( you werent)They ( they werent)

AFFIRMATIVEINTERROGATIVE

I was

You were

He She was It

We You were They

Was I ?

Were you ?

He ? Was She ? It ? We ? Were You ? They ?

Examples : - Where are you from ?- Im from Brazil.

- Was I right ?- No, you were wrong.

Other verb tenses...Future Tense : I shall be, We shall be ; you, he,she, it , they will be . Present Perfect : I, you,we,they have been ; he , she , it has been;Curiosidade : o Present Perfect o verbo mais usado com frequncia pelos nativos da lngua inglesa. Estima-se que a frequncia diria do uso do Present Perfect seja de 30% a 50% .

Past Perfect : I,you,we,they had been he,she,it had beenFuture Perfect : I ,we shall have been; you,he,she,it,they will have been.Observao : O Future Perfect o tempo verbal menos usado pelos falantes nativos da lngua inglesa porque so empregados para indicar uma ao que estar (ou no) concluda no futuro.

The verb to be is used with the Present Participle to form the Continuous tenses : Examples : To be + Present Participle- What are you doing now ? - I am reading a book. The sun was shining in the sky.

The verb to be is used with the Past Participle to form the Passive voice : Examples : To be + Past Participle The letter was written by John.

Uses of the verb to be : common mistakes

USO DE HAVE NO LUGAR DO VERBO TO BE QUANDO SE TRATA DE IDADE . EM PORTUGUS TEMOS UMA CERTA IDADE; EM INGLS, SOMOS UMA CERTA IDADE. Examples :

- How old are you ? - How old are you ?- I have fifteen years. - I am fifteen. / I am fifteen years old. Nota importante : O pior que a frase pode sair com erro na gramtica, uso indevido e erro na pronncia da palavra years . A diferena na pronncia entre years|iers| e ears |irs| realmente pequena . Se voc, alm de usar o verbo errado, tambm usar a idade seguida da palavra years e ainda errar na sua pronncia, a outra pessoa falante da lngua inglesa pode entender a seguinte traduo : Eu tenho 15 orelhas. ( ????? )

OMISSO DE SUJEITO OU OBJETO.Example : Is raining.

Its raining. OMISSO DO VERBO TO BE NA FORMA PASSIVA COM O VERBO NASCER.Example :

Paul born in 1993. | Paul was born in 1993.

POSIO DO TO BE EM AFIRMAES E PERGUNTAS.Example : How she is ? How is she ? OMISSO DE PRONOME COM TO BE EM AFIRMAES.Example : - Thank you. Is very kind of you. - Thank you. Thats very kind of you.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Usado para indicar que a ao est ocorrendo no presente momento. Pode vir acompanhado de advrbios como now , at this moment, at present etc. Exemplos : I am teaching English at this moment. ( Eu estou ensinando Ingls neste momento.) What are you doing now ? (O que voc est fazendo agora? ) He is not playing soccer. ( Ele no est jogando futebol.)

Continuous Tenses with ING

Verbos terminados em E, perdem o E ao ganharem o ING. smoke (fumar) smoking live (viver,morar) living

Excees : be (ser,estar) being see (ver) seeing agree (concordar) agreeing

Verbos terminados em IE, troca-se o IE por Y e acrescenta-se ING die (morrer) dying tie (atar,dar n) tying

Verbos terminados em CVC ( consoante, vogal, consoante) tnicos, dobram a ltima letra ao ganharem ING stop (parar,interromper) stopping swim (nadar) swimming begin (comear,iniciar) beginning refer (referir-se a ) referring

Verbos terminados em IC com som de K ganham K junto ao ING panic ( assustar) panicking mimic (imitar) mimicking

Pronomes interrogativos

Uso de pronomes interrogativos com o verbo TO BE e Present Continuous :

What time is it ? (Que horas so ? ) Who is she ? ( Quem ela ? ) Where are you ? ( Onde voc est ? ) Where were you ? ( Onde voc estava? ) What are you doing now ? ( O que voc est fazendo agora ? ) How old are you ? ( Qual a sua idade ? ) How are you ? ( Como vai voc ? ) Why are you wearing a coat ? Its not cold today. ( Por que voc est usando um casaco ? No est frio hoje.)

Short answers

Respostas curtas com o verbo TO BE e Present Continuous :

- Are you tired ? Yes , I am .

- Is he studying english ? Yes , he is. - Was it raining ? No , it wasnt . - Are these your shoes ? Yes, they are. - Am I late ? No , you arent . - Were you reading a book ? No, I wasnt.

Question-tags

Perguntas feitas aps uma declarao com o verbo TO BE e Present Continuous :

You arent sad, are you ?You are a lawyer, arent you ?She is hungry, isnt she ?He wasnt chatting a lot , was he ? Casos especiais : I am wrong , arent I ?Thats amazing , isnt it ?