USMLE Diseases

8/18/2019 USMLE Diseases

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Wolf’s Amnesia A transient selective loss of memory during an exam that prevents onefrom remembering the eponymically-named diseases discovered by old, dead doctors.

Addison’s Disease • primary adrenocortical deficiency

Addisonian Anemia • pernicious anemia (antibodies to intrinsic factor or parietal cells → ↓I → ↓!it "#$ → megaloblastic anemia%

Albright’s &yndrome • polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, caf' au lait spots, short stature, young girls

Alport’s &yndrome • hereditary nephritis ith nerve deafness

Al)heimer’s • progressive dementiaArgyll-*obertson +upil • loss of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral%

• +rostitute’s ye - accommodates but does not react• +athognomonic for /°&yphilis

Arnold-0hiari 1alformation • cerebellar tonsil herniation

"arrett’s • columnar metaplasia of loer esophagus ( ris2 of adenocarcinoma%

"artter’s &yndrome • hyperreninemia

"ec2er’s 1uscular Dystrophy • similar to Duchenne, but less severe (deficiency in dystrophin protein%

"ell’s +alsy • 03!II palsy (entire face4 recall that 513 lesion only affects loer face%

"erger’s Disease • IgA nephropathy

"ernard-&oulier Disease • defect in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets 6 lac2 of platelet-surface glycoprotein%

"erry Aneurysm • circle of Willis (subarachnoid bleed%•

often associated ith AD+7D"oen’s Disease • carcinoma in situ on shaft of penis ( ris2 of visceral ca%

"ri8uet’s &yndrome • somati)ation disorder• psychological9 multiple physical complaints ithout physical pathology

"roca’s Aphasia • 1otor Aphasia intact comprehension

"ron-&e8uard • hemisection of cord (contralateral loss of pain 6 temp : ipsilateral loss of fine touch, 513%

"ruton’s Disease • ;-lin2ed agammaglobinemia

"udd-0hiari • post-hepatic venous thrombosis

"uerger’s Disease • acute inflammation of small, medium arteries → painful ischemia → gangrene

"ur2itt’s


2/9

hler’s-Danlos • defective collagen

isenmenger’s 0omplex • late cyanotic shunt (*→


3/9

+aget’s Disease • abnormal bone architecture (thic2ened, numerous fractures → pain%

+ancoast ?umor • bronchogenic tumor ith superior sulcus involvement → @orner’s &yndrome

+ar2inson’s • dopamine depletion in nigrostriatal tracts

+eut)-egher’s &yndrome • melanin pigmentation of lips, mouth, hand, genitalia plus hamartomatous polyps of small intestine

+eyronie’s Disease • subcutaneous fibrosis of dorsum of penis

+ic2’s Disease • progressive dementia similar to Al)heimer’s

+lummer’s &yndrome • hyperthyroidism, nodular goiter, absence of eye signs (+lummer’s J rave’s - eye signs%

+lummer-!inson • esophageal ebs 6 iron-deficiency anemia, ↑ &00A of esophagus

+ompe’s Disease •

glycogen storage disease→

cardiomegaly+ott’s Disease • tuberculous osteomyelitis of the vertebrae

+otter’s 0omplex • renal agenesis → oligohydramnios → hypoplastic lungs, defects in extremities

*aynaud’s • Disease9 recurrent vasospasm in extremities• +henomenon9 $° to underlying disease (&


4/9

Wernic2e-7orsa2off &yndrome • thiamine deficiency in alcoholics4 bilateral mamillary bodies (confusion, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia%

Whipple’s Disease • malabsorption syndrome (ith bacteria-laden macrophages% 6 polyarthritis

Wilson’s Disease • hepatolenticular degeneration (copper accumulation 6 decrease in ceruloplasmin%

Wis2ott-Aldrich &yndrome • immunodeficiency9 combined "- 6?-cell deficiency (thrombocytopenia 6 ec)ema%

Wolff-0hai2off ffect • high iodine level (−%’s thyroid hormone synthesis

Men2er’s Diverticulum • esophageal4 cricopharyngeal muscles above 5&

Mollinger-llison • gastrin-secreting tumor of pancreas (or intestine% → acid → intractable ulcers

@allmar2 indingsAlbumino-0ytologic Dissociation • uillain-"arre (mar2edly increased protein in 0& ith only modest increase in cell count%

Antiplatelet Antibodies • idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Arachnodactyly • 1arfan’s

Aschoff "odies • rheumatic fever

Auer *ods • acute promyelocytic leu2emia (A1< type 1/%

Autosplenectomy • sic2le cell anemia

"abins2i • 513 lesion

"asophilic &tippling of *"0s • lead poisoning

"ence ones +rotein • multiple myeloma free light chains (either 2appa or lambda%• Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia

"irbec2 ranules • histiocytosis ; (eosinophilic granuloma%

"lue "loater • 0hronic "ronchitis

"oot-&haped @eart • ?etralogy of allot

"ouchard’s 3odes • osteoarthritis (+I+%

"outonniere’s Deformity • rheumatoid arthritis

"ron ?umor • hyperparathyroidism

"rushfield &pots • Don’s

0all-xner "odies • granulosa cell tumor

0ardiomegaly ith Apical Atrophy • 0hagas’ Disease

0hancre • #° &yphilis

0hancroid • @aemophilus ducreyi

0harcot ?riad • multiple sclerosis (nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech%

0harcot-


5/9

hon ocus : 0omplex • ?uberculosis (#° 6 $°, respectively%

oer’s 1aneuver • Duchenne’s 1D use of arms to stand

@eberden’s 3odes • steoarthritis (DI+%

@ein) "odies • L+D@ Deficiency

@emorrhagic 5rticaria • @enoch-&chonlein

@eterophil Antibodies • infectious mononucleosis ("!%

@irano "odies • Al)heimer’s

@ypersegmented +13s • 1egaloblastic anemia

@ypochromic 1icrocytic *"0s •

iron-deficiency anemiaarisch-@erxheimer *eaction • &yphilis over-aggressive treatment of an asymptomatic pt. that causes symptoms $° to rapid lysis

oint 1ice • osteoarthritis (fractured osteophytes%

7aussmaul "reathing • acidosis

7eratin +earls • &00A

7eyser-leischer *ing • Wilson’s

7immelstiel-Wilson 3odules • diabetic nephropathy

7oilocytes • @+!

7opli2 &pots • measles


6/9

*ouleaux ormation • multiple myeloma *"0’s stac2ed as po2er chips

&/ @eart &ound • &> @eart &ound • +ulmonary &tenosis• +ulmonary @?3

&chart)man *eaction • 3eisseria meningitidis impressive rash ith bugs

&imian 0rease • Don’s

&mith Antigen • &


7/9

0ardiac #° ?umor N 0hild • *habdomyoma

0ardiac ?umor N Adults • 1etasteses

0ardiomyopathy • Dilated (0ongestive% 0ardiomyopathy

0ause of $° @?3 • *enal Disease

0ause of Addison’s • Autoimmune ($nd N infection%

0ause of 0ongenital Adrenal @yperplasia • $#-@ydroxylase Deficiency (then, ##-%

0ause of 0ushings • xogenous &teroid ?herapy (then, #° ↑ A0?@, Adrenal Adenoma, ctopic A0?@%

0ause of death in Al)heimer pts • +neumonia

0ause of death in Diabetics •

1I0ause of Death in &


8/9

+rimary @yperparathyroidism • Adenomas (folloed by9 hyperplasia, then carcinoma%

+t. With @odg2in’s • Goung 1ale (except 3odular &clerosis type N emale%

+t. With 1inimal 0hange Disease • Goung 0hild

&econdary @yperparathyroidism • @ypocalcemia of 0hronic *enal ailure

&exually transmitted disease • 0hlamydia

&ite of Diverticula • &igmoid 0olon

&ite of metastasis • *egional


9/9

Induce 0+>KQ • "arbiturates• +henytoin• 0arbama)epine• *ifampin

Inhibit 0+>KQ • 0imetidine• 7etocona)ole

Interstitial 3ephritis • 1ethicillin• 3&AIDs (except Aspirin%• urosemide• &ulfonamides

1onday Disease • 3itroglycerin Industrial exposure → tolerance during ee2 → loss of tolerance during ee2end → headache,tach, di))iness upon re-exposure

range "ody luids • *ifampin

steoporosis • @eparin• 0orticosteroids

+ositive 0oombs’ ?est • 1ethyldopa

+ulmonary ibrosis • "leomycin• Amiodarone

*ed 1an &yndrome • !ancomycin

&evere @?3 ith ?yramine • 1AIs

&

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USMLE Diseases