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Using Le)er Analy/c Techniques to Pinpoint Textual Devia/ons Text Analy/cs World June 22, 2016 11:05 a.m. to 11:40 a.m. RICHARD B. LANZA, CFE, CPA, CGMA WWW.RICHLANZA.COM WWW.AUDITSOFTWAREVIDEOS.COM

UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons · UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons & & Text&Analy/cs&World& June&22,2016 11:05a.m.to11:40a.m. & RICHARDB.LANZA,CFE,CPA,CGMA

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Page 1: UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons · UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons & & Text&Analy/cs&World& June&22,2016 11:05a.m.to11:40a.m. & RICHARDB.LANZA,CFE,CPA,CGMA

Using  Le)er  Analy/c  Techniques  to  Pinpoint  Textual  Devia/ons    Text  Analy/cs  World  June  22,  2016  11:05  a.m.  to  11:40  a.m.  

R ICHARD  B.  LANZA,  CFE,  CPA,  CGMA WWW.R ICHLANZA .COM

WWW.AUDITSOFTWAREVIDEOS .COM  

Page 2: UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons · UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons & & Text&Analy/cs&World& June&22,2016 11:05a.m.to11:40a.m. & RICHARDB.LANZA,CFE,CPA,CGMA

Le)er  Analy/cs  Lifecycle    2014  to  Present

Start  

20+  Years  Analy0cs  Experience  Focused  in          Audit  and  Fraud  Detec0on  

Finish  

Text  Analy0cs  World  

August  2014  

Fraud  &  Corrup0on  Key  Word  Survey  

February  2015  

Key  Word  LeHer  Reduc0on  and  Journal  Entry  Trending  

September  2015  

IIAnaly0cs  Releases  “LALA”  Research  Brief  

 

March  2016  

LIWC  and  LALA  Applica0on  to  MD&A  Frauds    

2  

Page 3: UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons · UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons & & Text&Analy/cs&World& June&22,2016 11:05a.m.to11:40a.m. & RICHARDB.LANZA,CFE,CPA,CGMA

Red  Flag  (Key)  and  Word  Summaries

Page 4: UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons · UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons & & Text&Analy/cs&World& June&22,2016 11:05a.m.to11:40a.m. & RICHARDB.LANZA,CFE,CPA,CGMA

Fraud  Triangle  Key  Word  Top  Phrases

Opportunity  CHANNEL  STUFFING  

COOKIE  JAR    RESERVES  

FRAUDULENT  SHAM  QUID  PRO  QUO  

SECRET  ACCOUNT  

Ra0onaliza0on  DON’T  KNOW  WHAT  ELSE  TO  DO  

PIECE  OF  THE  ACTION  

TREAT  ME  THIS  WAY  WORRY  ABOUT  IT  LATER  

THEYLL  BE  SORRY  

Pressure  FROM  PETER  TO  PAY  PAUL  

MANAGE  EARNING  TICKING  TIME  BOMB  WALL  STREET  EXPECTATIONS  

4  

Page 5: UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons · UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons & & Text&Analy/cs&World& June&22,2016 11:05a.m.to11:40a.m. & RICHARDB.LANZA,CFE,CPA,CGMA

Fraud  Related  Key  Words  Survey

     5  

h&p://bit.ly/1XyMwch  

Page 6: UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons · UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons & & Text&Analy/cs&World& June&22,2016 11:05a.m.to11:40a.m. & RICHARDB.LANZA,CFE,CPA,CGMA

Fraud  Detec/on  Lessons  from  WorldCom/  MCI  Fraud

     6  

$3.8B  detected  in  fraudulent  journals    The  fraud  was  accomplished  primarily  in  two  ways:  1.    Booking  "line  costs"  as  capital  expenditures  on  the  balance  sheet  instead  of  expenses.    2.    InflaGng  revenues  with  bogus  accounGng    entries  from  "corporate  unallocated  revenue  accounts".      

Page 7: UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons · UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons & & Text&Analy/cs&World& June&22,2016 11:05a.m.to11:40a.m. & RICHARDB.LANZA,CFE,CPA,CGMA

Structured  Data    An  Auditors  “Usual  Sandbox”

     7  

Sales  /  Cash  Ledger  Inventory  

Procure  to  Pay  Payroll  Travel  Expense  PCard  Expenses  

General  Ledger  

Company  X  

Page 8: UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons · UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons & & Text&Analy/cs&World& June&22,2016 11:05a.m.to11:40a.m. & RICHARDB.LANZA,CFE,CPA,CGMA

Wordle  Journal  Comparisons

8  

Page 9: UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons · UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons & & Text&Analy/cs&World& June&22,2016 11:05a.m.to11:40a.m. & RICHARDB.LANZA,CFE,CPA,CGMA

Applying  Benford’s  Law  to  Words

Page 10: UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons · UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons & & Text&Analy/cs&World& June&22,2016 11:05a.m.to11:40a.m. & RICHARDB.LANZA,CFE,CPA,CGMA

Benford’s  Law  –  The  Basis  of  Digital  Analysis

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Page 11: UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons · UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons & & Text&Analy/cs&World& June&22,2016 11:05a.m.to11:40a.m. & RICHARDB.LANZA,CFE,CPA,CGMA

Can  You  Read  This?

  It  deosn't  m+aer  in  waht  oredr  the  l+eers  in  a  wrod  are,  the  olny  

iprmoetnt  5hng  is  taht  the  frist  and  lsat  l+eer  be  at  the  rghit  pclae.  

11  

Page 12: UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons · UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons & & Text&Analy/cs&World& June&22,2016 11:05a.m.to11:40a.m. & RICHARDB.LANZA,CFE,CPA,CGMA

COCA  Ranking  –  In  First  Le)ers  The  Benford’s  Law  of  English?

12  

Page 13: UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons · UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons & & Text&Analy/cs&World& June&22,2016 11:05a.m.to11:40a.m. & RICHARDB.LANZA,CFE,CPA,CGMA

50%  of  Words  Are  Based  on  the    First  and  Last  Le)ers

13  

    A   B   (A) x  (B)  

#  of  LeHers  in  a  Word  

Word  Occurrences  per  COCA  

%  of  Le&ers  Analyzed  in  First    and  Last  Le&ers  

Final  %  

1   3.51%   100%   3.51%  2   16.02%   100%   16.02%  3   20.71%   67%   13.88%  4   17.26%   50%   8.63%  5   11.29%   40%   4.52%  6   8.53%   33%   2.81%  7   7.74%   22%   1.70%  8   5.40%   25%   1.35%  

    90.46%       52.42%  

Page 14: UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons · UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons & & Text&Analy/cs&World& June&22,2016 11:05a.m.to11:40a.m. & RICHARDB.LANZA,CFE,CPA,CGMA

Shakespeare’s  Plays  By  Century

14  

Page 15: UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons · UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons & & Text&Analy/cs&World& June&22,2016 11:05a.m.to11:40a.m. & RICHARDB.LANZA,CFE,CPA,CGMA

     15  

A  Benford’s  Law  For  Words The  Dashboard

Page 16: UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons · UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons & & Text&Analy/cs&World& June&22,2016 11:05a.m.to11:40a.m. & RICHARDB.LANZA,CFE,CPA,CGMA

Refining  the  Approach  By    Consonant  and  Vowel  Use

16  

Page 17: UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons · UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons & & Text&Analy/cs&World& June&22,2016 11:05a.m.to11:40a.m. & RICHARDB.LANZA,CFE,CPA,CGMA

Lanza  Approach  to  Le)er  Anay/csTM  (“LALA”)   IdenGfies  word  deviaGons  swi[ly  by  relaGng  le&er  frequency  pa&erns  to  benchmarks  of  the  English  language  and  prior  period  le&er  occurrences.  Focus  is  placed  on:      

  First  le&er  (26  le&ers)     Last  le&er  (26  le&ers)  

  First  two  le&ers  (702  le&ers)  

  Last  two  le&ers  (702  le&ers)    

17  

Page 18: UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons · UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons & & Text&Analy/cs&World& June&22,2016 11:05a.m.to11:40a.m. & RICHARDB.LANZA,CFE,CPA,CGMA

Current  Uses  of  Le)er  Analy/cs Ø  Fraud  DetecGon  Ø  Plagiarism  In  Student  Papers    Ø  Fraud,  CorrupGon  &  SenGment  Word  Usage  

Ø  Trending  Ø  Structured  Data  DescripGon  Fields  Ø  Payroll  Gme  descripGons,  journal  entries,  and  P2P  fields    

Ø  Industry  Reports  and  Public  Company  ReporGng    Ø  Contracts  and  Policy  DocumentaGon  Ø  Employee  Emails  for  Network  Mapping  Ø  Internal  QuesGonnaire  Forms  (Conflicts  of  Interest)  Ø  Network  Error  Logs  

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Page 19: UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons · UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons & & Text&Analy/cs&World& June&22,2016 11:05a.m.to11:40a.m. & RICHARDB.LANZA,CFE,CPA,CGMA

Useful  Links  on  LALA Ø  hHp://bit.ly/1jFD87b  -­‐  Blog  announcing  the  discovery  of  le&er  analyGcs.  Ø  hHp://bit.ly/1RZpolz  -­‐  Research  Paper  #1  –  Focused  on  explaining  the  

le&er  analyGc  concept  with  reference  to  a  benchmark  for  the  English  Language  and  an  analysis  of  BriGsh  song  Gtles  from  1960  to  1999.    

Ø  hHp://bit.ly/1QebYkL  -­‐  Research  Paper  #2  –  Provides  a  more  in-­‐depth  analysis  of  the  populaGon  of  text  data  and  how  le&ers  can  explain  text  variaGons  over  Gme  more  quickly  than  word  summaries.    Three  examples  are  provided  including  Shakespeare’s  plays,  Berkshire  Hathaway  shareholder  reports  and  my  personal  Emails.  

Ø  hHp://bit.ly/1W0CAZO  -­‐  PredicGve  AnalyGcs  Times  arGcle  on  how  Word  clouds  analysis  could    improved  with  le&er  analyGc  visualizaGons  

ü  hHp://bit.ly/1TGwvPS  and  hHp://bit.ly/21mEbsU    -­‐  ACFE  Fraud  Magazine  arGcles  on  “The  Benford’s  Law  of  Words  –  Parts  1  and  2”  

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Page 20: UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons · UsingLeerAnalycTechniquesto& PinpointTextualDeviaons & & Text&Analy/cs&World& June&22,2016 11:05a.m.to11:40a.m. & RICHARDB.LANZA,CFE,CPA,CGMA

Thank You!

   20  

Richard  B.  Lanza,  CPA,  CFE,  CGMA  Cash  Recovery  Partners,  LLC  

Phone:  973-­‐729-­‐3944  Email:  [email protected]  

www.AuditSo[warePros.com