Using Your - hcs.harvard.eduseminar/packets/doc/mac_packet.… · Web viewUsing Your Macintosh. on the Harvard Network. Copyright © 1998 The President and Fellows of Harvard College

USING YOUR MACINTOSHON THE HARVARD NETWORK

Copyright © 1998 The President and Fellows of Harvard CollegeAll rights reserved

Using Your Macintosh on the Harvard NetworkThe Harvard Computer Society

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

OVERVIEW OF HARVARD'S RESOURCES 1

CONNECTING YOUR MACINTOSH TO THE HARVARD NETWORK 1

MACINTOSH NETWORKING PROTOCOLS 2AppleTalk: What is it? 2TCP/IP: What is it? 2

APPLETALK BASICS 3Zones: How is the AppleTalk network organized? 3 The Chooser: How do I get started with the AppleTalk network? 3

USING APPLESHARE 3Logging onto Other Computers: How do I use files and programs on other Macs on campus? 3Site-Licensed Software: What is it? 4Harvard's Site-Licensed Software: How do I use it? 4

PRINTING 5Desktop Printers: What is a desktop printer? 5Creating a Desktop Printer: How do I do it? 5Selecting a Desktop Printer: How do I do it? 5Sharing a Desktop Printer: How do I share a desktop printer with other Macs? 5

USING YOUR FAS UNIX ACCOUNT 7Unix: What is it? 7Your FAS Unix Account: What is it and how do I connect to it from my Mac? 7Your FAS Unix Account's Password: How do I change it? 8

PRINTING BUDGETS 8Your FAS Laser Printing Budget: How do I check it? 8Your FAS Laser Printing Budget: How do I add funds to it? 8

EMAIL WITH PINE 9Pine: How do I use email on fas? 9

Running Pine and accessing its main menu 9Canceling an action 9Sending an email 9Receiving and reading an email 10Replying to an email 10Forwarding an email 10Deleting an email 10Viewing an email that I have sent 10Saving an email to another folder 11Accessing emails that I have saved 11Selecting a printer 11Printing an email 11Creating nicknames for individuals' email addresses 12Re-justifying sentences or paragraphs 12Fixing a garbled screen 12

Using Your Macintosh on the Harvard NetworkThe Harvard Computer SocietyTable of Contents

EMAIL WITH EUDORA 13Eudora: What is it? 13

Checking your email 13Sending an email 13Replying to an email 13Forwarding an email 13Saving an email to another mailbox 14Viewing an email in another mailbox 14Attaching a file 13Using the Address Book 14Filtering messages 15Additional help with Eudora 15

TRANSFERRING FILES VIA FTP 16Fetch: What is it? 16

Starting an FTP session 16Transferring a file 16Managing files and directories 16

THE WORLD WIDE WEB 17Uniform Resource Locators: What do web addresses mean? 17Creating Web Pages: Can I create my own web page? 17Useful Web Pages: What are some useful places on the web? 17Netscape: What is Netscape? 18Netscape: How do I navigate in Netscape? 18

APPENDIX A: SETTING UP AN APPLESHARE SERVERAPPENDIX B: BASIC PICO AND PINE EDITING COMMANDS


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OVERVIEW OF HARVARD'S RESOURCESHarvard provides a wide range of computing resources to all students. A state-of-the-art high speed network connects computer labs, dorm rooms, and central computing resources, allowing you to access Harvard's facilities from many points across campus. Every student receives an account on Harvard's Unix login cluster, fas.harvard.edu (fas). You can connect to fas directly from your own computer or from any one of the public computers located across campus. In addition, you can make use of the network for accessing the Internet, running software from Harvard's servers, and printing, among other things.

Harvard's campus network is also connected to the Internet, the global computer network that has earned floods of media attention in the last few years. Once you have plugged your computer into the network jack in your dorm, your computer will not only be able to communicate with any computer on campus, it will also be able to communicate with any computer connected to the Internet.

CONNECTING YOUR MACINTOSH TO THE HARVARD NETWORKThe Pink Book: FAS Computer Services Guide To Accounts and Network Connections For Students is a comprehensive guide to setting up your computer, your network connection, and your Unix account. Copies of the Pink Book are distributed during new student registration, in addition to being available at the Help Desk in Science Center B-13 at all times. For detailed information on connecting your computer to the network, the Pink Book is the authoritative reference. In brief, however, the steps of networking your computer are as follows:

Obtain an Ethernet adapter card for your computer. Ethernet cards may be purchased during the Freshman Computer Fair or at the TPC Showroom at 1751 Cambridge Street.

Fill out the FAS Network Connection Worksheet in the Pink Book. This involves gathering several key pieces of information you will need in the next step. In particular you will need to obtain the data jack number that is written on the Ethernet wall jack you intend to plug your computer into, and the Ethernet address of your Ethernet card. An Ethernet address is a series of 12 characters that should look something like 01-23-45-AB-CD-EF; in most cases it will be physically written on the card itself.

Run the NetConnect program. This can be done from any computers which are already networked, such as those in the Science Center. Using Netscape, visit http://www.fas.harvard.edu/network/netconnect/ and follow the on-screen instructions, filling in the information from your FAS Network Connection Worksheet.

Activate your FAS Email Account. This is done by telnetting to fas and logging in with the username and password you received when you arrived at campus. The first time you log in, you will have to answer a short quiz on computer use policies.

Once you have both run NetConnect and activated your FAS Email Account, you should expect an email informing you that your network connection request has been processed. It may take up to three to five business days for this to occur, although it is often faster.

Once you receive this email, you may install your Ethernet card into your computer and plug it into the wall jack.

Finally, run the FAS Network Installer Disk to set up the necessary software.

If at any point in this process you need assistance, you may obtain help from FAS Computer Services. The Help Desk, located in room B-13 in the basement of the Science Center is the source for all your computing assistance needs. You may visit the Help Desk in person, or contact it by email at [email protected], or phone at 495-9000. Trained User Assistants are available for appointments at your room to help you network your computer.

Using Your Macintosh on the Harvard NetworkThe Harvard Computer SocietyPage 2

MACINTOSH NETWORKING PROTOCOLS

AppleTalkWhat is it?AppleTalk is a network protocol—a language of sorts that allows computers on a network to share information. AppleTalk was designed by Apple Computer to allow Macintosh computers to communicate with each other. For instance, you could use the AppleTalk network to copy a document (say, a paper you're writing) from your computer to a friend's computer so that you can finish your work while away from your dorm. You can also run programs over the network. If you need to use a spreadsheet program to create a lab report for your chemistry class, you can run one of the programs that Harvard has licensed for use over the network without paying extra money. You can even use the AppleTalk network to print to a friend's printer or to one of the printers located in Harvard's computer labs.

TCP/IPWhat is it?TCP/IP is the pair of network protocols used on the Internet—that is, it's the language that computers connected to the Internet use to talk to one another. Using TCP/IP, your Macintosh will be able to access your computer account at Harvard (or anywhere else in the world) using a TELNET program. You'll be able you use the World Wide Web to find information about your favorite band or to buy movie tickets for tomorrow's show.

Note that while AppleTalk is usually used for connecting Macs with Macs, TCP/IP is used to connect two computers of any type—Mac, PC, or any other kind of computer.


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APPLETALK BASICS

ZonesHow is the AppleTalk network organized?AppleTalk networks are organized into zones, which are simply groups of computers within the network. At Harvard, student computers are zoned by dorm or upperclass house, so if you live in Grays dorm, your computer will be located in the AppleTalk network called Student Net (Grays). Other important zones are the HUSC-UNIX and FAS Computer Services zones, which contain file servers and printers that you can use from your dorm. (If you're curious, "HUSC" stands for "Harvard University Science Center," and Unix is an operating system, analgous to Mac OS or Windows 98.)

The ChooserHow do I get started with the AppleTalk network?To use the AppleTalk network to print or view files on other computers, you'll need to use a program called the Chooser. To start the Chooser, open the Apple Menu (at the upper-left corner of your Mac's screen) and select the Chooser menu item. You should see a dialog with three boxes. If, however, you only see two boxes (as if the boxes on the left were merged into one), your computer is not correctly connected to the AppleTalk network; to fix this problem, you should contact your User Assistant.

The box in the upper-left corner contains several icons, each of which represents a different method of accessing the network. Most often, you'll see an icon called AppleShare in addition to several types of printer icons. The box in the lower left corner shows all of the AppleTalk network's zones.

If you click on an AppleTalk service in the first box and a zone in the second box, the third box (on the right) will show all of the services of the selected type in the selected zone. For instance, if you click on AppleShare and then click on Student Net (Leverett), you'll see all of the Macintosh file servers in Leverett House.

USING APPLESHARE

Logging onto Other ComputersHow do I use files and programs on other Macs on campus?AppleShare uses AppleTalk to allow your Macintosh to access files and programs on other Macintosh computers on Harvard's network. To use AppleShare, you'll need to use the Chooser (see the section called The Chooser for more information). Open the chooser and select AppleShare from the box in the top-left corner. Select a zone in the bottom-left corner, and then double-click a file server in the box on the right. You should see a login dialog appear. This dialog allows you to select how you would like to log on to the server. The easiest way to log on is to select Guest, which allows you to log on anonymously. If the server will not allow guest connections, the Guest option will be grayed. In this case, you can log in as a registered user by filling out a username and password for this server. Note that this username/password is not the username and password for your FAS account—it is assigned by whoever runs the server you are accessing! If you don't know what to put in this box, you probably aren't a registered user and shouldn't waste your time trying to log in this way.

Once you've logged in, you'll see a list of available volumes. A volume is simply a disk to which you are allowed to connect.

Select the volume to which you'd like to connect by clicking on its name (not the checkbox to its right), and then you should click OK. If you were successful, you should see an icon with the name of the


volume appear on your desktop. Congratulations—you're connected! You can now use files and programs on the file server just as you would use your own computer. Of course, you're subject to the permissions the owner of the volume has assigned. For instance, if the owner of the volume doesn't want you saving files on the volume you're using, you won't be allowed to do so.

If you're curious about the little boxes to the right of the volume names in the dialog pictured above, those checkboxes allow you to designate volumes to which you'd like to be connected whenever you start your computer. If you check one of those boxes, your computer will automatically prompt you for a password (if necessary) and log you on to the volume every time you start up your computer.

Site-Licensed SoftwareWhat is it?Maybe you're wondering, "Do I really have to buy a copy of Photoshop or Quicken even though I don't plan on using them often?" Well, you're in luck. Harvard has bought site licenses of many commercially available software packages—much of the software you'll need to use is available in this form.

You probably know that software sold by companies can be easily copied from one computer to another. What you're paying for when you buy software is not the software itself but a license to use the software. The software you're using is someone else's intellectual property, and they're selling you the rights to use it. In fact, most software companies don't care whether you actually have multiple copies of the software—what matters is that you only use one copy per license at a time. It would be silly to buy a copy of each software package for each student, so Harvard buys just a few hundred licenses for each software package, and they make sure that there is a license for every copy of the software in use at any given time.

Harvard keeps track of who is using its software by using a program called KeyServer. Harvard's site-licensed software is modified so that when you start a program, it asks the KeyServer for an electronic key. The program only launches if it is successful in getting a key from the KeyServer. When the program exits, the key is returned. Since the KeyServer only has one key per license, this ensures that all copies of each software package that are in use are being used legally.

What's the catch? Well, since Harvard doesn't buy a license for each student, it is possible (though unlikely) that you won't be allowed to use the software you need whenever you want. If too many people are using Photoshop when you need to design a graphic—well, you're out of luck.

Harvard's Site-Licensed SoftwareHow do I use it?So, without further ado, we'll show you how to find Harvard's site-licensed software. Before you start, though, you should make sure that you have all the necessary KeyServer software installed—if you haven't run the FAS Network Installer disk yet, now would be a good time to do so.

The first thing you'll need to do is to connect to the General Software AppleShare file server in the FAS Computer Services zone (see the previous section, AppleShare, if you don't know how to do this). Note that there's a shortcut to the usual method of connecting to a file server—just select the General Software item in the Apple Menu instead of selecting Chooser. This shortcut should have been installed by the FAS Network Installer disk. If it's not there, no big deal—just use the Chooser.

Once you can see the General Software icon on your desktop, double-click it to open it. Voilà! Just find the program you need and double-click it to launch it! You can even copy the program to your own hard drive by dragging the folder to your hard drive icon; this will make the program run faster, though you still need to have the KeyServer available to run the program.


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PRINTING

Desktop PrintersWhat is a desktop printer?Your Macintosh keeps track of printers it knows about by placing an icon on your desktop. Each icon represents a printer on the network or a printer to which your Macintosh is directly connected. You'll notice that exactly one of these icons will have a thick black outline around it. This outline indicates that the printer this icon represents is the active printer—the printer to which all printed documents should go. When you select Print… from an application, this printer is the one that will actually print your document.

Note that if you double-click the printer, you can see the documents that are printing or waiting to print on that printer.

Creating a Desktop PrinterHow do I do it?In order to create a desktop printer, you use the Chooser. (If you're unfamiliar with the Chooser, see the section above called The Chooser.) You'll need to know the type of printer you wish to use, the zone in which it lives, and its name.

Open up the Chooser and look through the icons in the upper left corner to find an icon whose name corresponds to your printer's model. There are two special cases. First, if you have an Apple laser printer, you should just use the Laser 8 printer; there won't be an icon specifically for your model of laser printer. Second, if you plan on using one of the printers in the Science Center, choose Laser 8 ($/¢). These dollar and cent signs indicate that you'll have to pay from your personal printer budget when using these printers.

Select the proper zone in the bottom left box, and then find the printer's name in the list on your right. Depending on the printer you have chosen, you will either see a button labelled Create or a Setup… button and two radio buttons for setting the background printing status. In the former case, simply click on the printer's name in the list and then click the Create button. In the latter case, simply click on the printer's name (you'll probably want to turn on background printing as well). Exit the Chooser.

Note that you can have several printers on your desktop—you're free to create as many icons as you please. You can also rename the printers on your desktop if you wish.

Selecting a Desktop PrinterHow do I do it?To switch active printers, just click on the icon you want to activate, and select Set Default Printer from the Printing menu.

Sharing a Desktop PrinterHow do I share a desktop printer with other Macs?The Mac OS allows you to set up your printer so that others on the Harvard network can print to your printer. This feature is useful for several reasons. First, you can share a printer with your roommates so that you don't have to purchase a printer for each Macintosh. Second, you can print to your printer from one of Harvard's labs without having to pay a fee.


If you are using a printer that is not manufactured by Apple and uses its own drivers (i.e. it has its own icon in the Chooser), please refer to the documentation for your printer. Otherwise, read on.

The procedure for sharing your printer depends on whether you are using the Laser 8 driver or another driver specific to your kind of printer. If you are using the Laser 8 driver, you need to obtain the LaserWriter Bridge control panel, which is available on the General Software server (see the section Using Site-Licensed Software above). Place the control panel in your Control Panels folder, inside your computer's System Folder, and restart your computer. Now open the LaserWriter Bridge control panel, and set your printer to Public.

If you are not using the Laser 8 driver, select your printer in the Chooser, the same way you selected it when you first created the desktop printer and click the Setup… button. The dialog that appears will have an option to share the printer you have selected—check this option. Now enter a name and password for the printer (not your FAS account password, of course) and click OK. Give this password to anyone who should have access to your printer.

Now that you have set up your printer, you may print to your printer over the network by selecting your printer's type, zone, and name in the Chooser of any networked Macintosh.


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USING YOUR FAS UNIX ACCOUNT

UnixWhat is it?Unix (pronounced "yew-nix") is the operating system that runs Harvard's email and web servers. Unlike a Windows or Macintosh computer, which is typically used by only one person at a time, Unix is designed to be used by many people at once. Unix provides a fast and stable multi-user computing environment, perfect for Harvard's 18,000 users.

Your FAS Unix AccountWhat is it and how do I connect to it from my Mac?

As a Harvard student, you are entitled to an account on the FAS Unix systems. You can use this account to log into lab computers (PCs and Macs alike) throughout campus, to send and receive email, and to publish your own homepage on the Internet. You can connect fas.harvard.edu (fas) from any lab or kiosk computer on campus as well as from your own personal computer in your dorm. That is, you can check your email or design your homepage from anywhere on campus!

To connect to fas, you must use a TELNET program. Once you have run the FAS Network Installer disk and established your network connection, a TELNET program called BetterTelnet will be installed on your computer. BetterTelnet enables you to connect to a remote host (in this case fas) and execute commands there. When you run BetterTelnet, the Open Connection… dialog box appears (you can also select Open Connection… from the File menu). Type fas.harvard.edu in the Host Name field. Select the OK button to connect to the fas.harvard.edu login servers.

You will be prompted for your username and password. Type each of them when prompted, pressing Enter after each one. For security reasons, what you type at the password prompt will not show up on the screen. If this is your first time logging in, you will need to activate your account by taking a simple quiz and changing your password. Once you have logged in, you will see a series of messages, and then a fas% prompt. From this prompt, you can run various programs, such as pine for email, passwd to change your password, usage to see your printer budget, or tin to read newsgroups. Type logout to disconnect from the system.

Your FAS Unix Account's PasswordHow do I change it?Type passwd at the fas% prompt and follow the on-screen instructions. If you have forgotten your old password, however, bring your Harvard ID to the Help Desk in room B-13 of the Science Center and speak with one of the User Assistants.


PRINTING BUDGETS

Harvard maintains a selection of networked laser printers for student use. Each FAS account has a printer budget associated with it that is charged whenever printing occurs; you must have a positive balance on your printer budget before you can use a networked printer. Printing is charged at the following rates:

8.5" 11" Black and White $0.05 per page11" 17" Black and White $0.10 per pageColor Copy Paper $0.30 per pageColor High Brightness Paper $0.50 per pageColor Transparency $1.00 per page

Your FAS Laser Printing BudgetHow do I check it?Type usage at the fas% prompt, and you will see output resembling the following:

Username: jharvard Owner: John HarvardSite: u Flags: None------------- Laser Budget ------------ --- Laser Usage --- -- Balance -- Free Paid Overdraft Total Used Available Due 0.25 15.00 0.00 25.00 16.15 8.85 0.00

The Free field above refers to credits that John may have received from FAS Computer Services as a result of failed print jobs. The Paid field refers to the funds that John has contributed to his budget. The Used field details the amount of money that John has spent, in total, on laser printing. The Available field refers to John's remaining funds. The Balance Due field refers to funds that John must deposit into his budget before he can print again to a networked laser printer.

My FAS Laser Printing BudgetHow do I add funds to it?You can deposit funds into you budget in three ways. First, you can insert bills into the cash acceptors in room B-14 of the Science Center. The cash acceptors accept $1, $5, $10, and $20 bills. Second, you can make a check for $10 or more out to "Harvard University" and present it to the User Assistants at the Help Desk in room B-13 of the Science Center. Finally, you can type termbill at the fas% prompt to have added funds termbilled to your account. All additions to your budget take effect within 15 minutes.


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EMAIL WITH PINE

PineHow do I use email on fas?To send and receive email, you can use a program called Pine (Program for Internet News and Email). Recommended by FAS Computer Services for both new and experienced computer users, Pine offers a menu-driven interface and online help. With Pine, you can send email, receive email, reply to email, forward email to others, save your email into separate folders, print your email, and make an addressbook containing shortcuts to, or nicknames for, others' email addresses. Pine uses the text editor Pico as the means by which you can compose, forward, and reply to emails. Similar to Pico, then, all of Pine's commands are one- or two-character sequences. In the program's main menu, all of the commands are one-character sequences; in all other menus, commands are explained at the bottom of the screen.

For a list of basic Pine commands, see Appendix B: Basic Pico and Pine Editing Commands.

Running Pine and accessing its main menuTo run Pine, type pine at the fas% prompt, followed by Enter or Return. To access Pine's main menu at any point while running Pine, type M. To highlight different fields and options in Pine, use your keyboard's arrow keys (, , , and ) or type the appropriate key or keys.

Canceling an actionIf, at any point while using Pine, you wish to cancel an action that you are in the middle of performing (e.g., composing a message, saving an email to a folder, etc.), type Control-C. When prompted to cancel the action, type Y.

Sending an emailFirst, select the COMPOSE MESSAGE option from Pine's main menu. In the COMPOSE MESSAGE screen that appears, a To: field will be highlighted. Type the email address of the recipient of your message into this field. To send your message to more than one individual, simply type all recipients' email addresses into this To: field, separating the addresses with commas. (To send a carbon copy of your message to one or more individuals, specify their addresses in the Cc: field, again separated with commas. As in the business world, the recipients of carbon copies are not expected to reply to the message but are expected to be aware of its contents.) If one or more recipients of your message have FAS email addresses, you need not include @fas.harvard.edu after their usernames in the To: or Cc: field. Pine will assume that those usernames refer to @fas.harvard.edu addresses.

Next, highlight the Subject: field and type the subject of your message.

Finally, highlight the Message Text area and type your message into this area.

After you have finished typing your message, type Control–X. When prompted to confirm the sending of your message, type Y. Your message then will be sent. Once sent, however, your message cannot be canceled or removed from a recipient's INBOX.


Receiving and reading an emailAny email sent to your FAS Unix email account will be delivered automatically to your INBOX folder in Pine. To access your INBOX folder, select the FOLDER INDEX option from Pine's main menu. In the FOLDER INDEX screen that appears, you will see a list of any emails in your INBOX folder. This list specifies the dates on which the emails were sent, the senders of the emails, the size of the emails in bytes, and the subjects of the emails. Each email will be listed according to the date of it's arrival, with the most recently arrived emails displayed at the bottom of the list. To view a particular email, highlight it then type Enter or Return. (To scroll more quickly through your INBOX folder's emails, you can use the hyphen key (–) and space bar to move up and down, respectively.)

Replying to an emailHighlight or view the email to which you want to reply. Then, type R. When prompted whether or not to include the original message in your reply, type Y or N accordingly. If prompted to reply to all recipients, type Y or N accordingly. In the COMPOSE MESSAGE REPLY screen that appears, type your reply into the Message Text area that is automatically highlighted. After you have finished typing your reply, type Control–X. When prompted to confirm the sending of your message, type Y. Your reply will then will be sent.

Forwarding an emailHighlight or view the email that you want to forward. Then, type F. In the FORWARD MESSAGE screen that appears, specify the recipient(s) of this forward in the To: or Cc: fields. If one or more recipients of your forward have FAS email addresses, you need not include @fas.harvard.edu after their usernames in the To: or Cc: field. Pine will assume that those usernames refer to @fas.harvard.edu addresses. You may proceed to change the subject of the message or the message text itself. When you are ready to forward the message, type Control–X. When prompted to confirm the sending of the message, type Y. The message will then will be forwarded.

Deleting an emailHighlight or view the email that you want to delete. Then, type D. Pine will mark the selected message for deletion; the message will not be deleted physically until you choose to expunge it, just before quitting Pine. Just before you quit Pine, you will be prompted to expunge all messages which you have marked for deletion, at which point you can type Y.

Viewing an email that I have sentPine automatically saves copies of all emails that you send, reply to, or forward in your sent-mail folder. To access this folder, select the FOLDER LIST option from Pine's main menu by typing the letter L or by highlighting this option and hitting Enter or Return. Proceed to highlight your sent-mail folder and then hit Enter or Return. A list of all of the emails that you have sent will appear.


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Saving an email to another folderHighlight or view the email in your INBOX that you want to save elsewhere. Then, type S. You will be prompted for the folder in which to save the selected email. By hitting Enter or Return at this point, you can save the email to the default folder called saved-messages. If you would rather save the email in a different folder, type that folder's name before hitting Enter or Return. If the folder you specify does not yet exist, you will be prompted to create the folder, at which point you can type Y. After saving an email elsewhere, Pine will automatically mark that email for deletion from its previous location.

Accessing emails that I have savedSelect the FOLDER LIST option from Pine's main menu. In the FOLDER LIST screen which appears, you will see a list of email folders, including your INBOX, your sent-mail folder, your saved-messages folder, and any other folders which you have created. Highlight the folder that contains the email that you want to delete, move, or view and type Enter or Return. A list of all of the emails in the selected folder will then appear, at which point you can proceed to delete, move, or view one or more of them, according to the instructions above.

Selecting a printerBefore you can print an email with Pine, you must select the printer to which you want to print. Choose the SETUP option from Pine's main menu. When prompted to choose a setup task, type P. If you want to print to a personal printer that is connected to your computer, highlight the attached-to-ansi option. If you want to print to the line printer, free of charge, in room B-11 of the Science Center, highlight the Standard Unix print command option. If you want to print to one of the networked grayscale laser printers on campus, at a charge of $0.05 per page, select the Personally selected print command option, and then type A. When prompted for this printer's name, enter its name and hit Enter or Return. (A printer's name can be found on a sticker attached to the printer itself.) When prompted for the printer's command, type lpr –P<printer name>, where <printer name> is the name of this printer, followed by Enter or Return. The printer you have just defined should appear highlighted now in the Personally selected print command's Printer List. Proceed to type E, and, when prompted to commit changes, type Y. Your choice of printer will be remembered by Pine, even after you quit. (If you have already defined a printer to which you want to print, simply highlight that printer in the Personally selected print command's Printer List, rather than re-defining it.)

If you opt to print to one of the networked grayscale laser printers on campus, at a charge of $0.05 per page, you must have a positive balance in your FAS laser printing budget. For information on checking your budget or adding to it, see My FAS Laser Printing Budget: How do I check it? and My FAS Laser Printing Budget: How do I add funds to it?

Printing an emailAfter you have selected a printer, per the instructions above, highlight or view the email that you want to print. Then, type Y. When prompted to print using the printer you have selected, type Y. Your email will be printed as soon as possible to the chosen printer.


Creating nicknames for individuals' email addressesSelect the ADDRESS BOOK option from Pine's main menu. In the ADDRESS BOOK screen which appears, you will see a list of nicknames which you have created for individuals' email addresses.

To create a new nickname, type A. In the ADDRESS BOOK (edit) screen which appears, a Nickname field will be highlighted. Type the nickname that you would like to create into this field. Then, highlight the Fullname: field and type a full name for the email address(es) for which you are creating a nickname. Finally, highlight the Addresses: field and type the email addresses to which this nickname should refer, separating multiple addresses with commas. To save this nickname in your address book, type Control–X. When prompted to exit and save changes, hit Y.

Re-justifying sentences or paragraphsPine automatically inserts line breaks whenever a sentence nears the edge of the screen (usually when you try to put more than 76 characters on one line). While this feature maintains your email's margins, it can cause problems when you want to delete part of a sentence or paragraph later, as the smaller text may remain broken up across two or more lines. To re-justify a sentence or paragraph while editing an email, move the cursor to some location within the sentence or paragraph. Then, type Control–J. The sentence or paragraph will be re-wrapped to the screen's width.

Fixing a garbled screenIf someone happens to send a Ytalk request or a Write message to your screen and Pine's screen becomes garbled, type Control–L. Pine's screen will be re-drawn.


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EMAIL WITH EUDORA

EudoraWhat is Eudora?Eudora is an email program that can be installed on your computer by the FAS Network Installer Disk. Unlike Pine, which runs on the Unix systems, Eudora runs natively on your Mac. It is a POP mail client – it accesses the Harvard mail server, then downloads the mail and stores it on your computer. It offers a graphical interface, and adds or simplifies many functions, such as attaching files to an email message, filtering mail, and formatting your email messages.

Checking your emailFrom the File menu, choose Check Mail. Alternatively, you can press the button on the toolbar, which depicts a message being placed in an inbox. Eudora will then ask you for your password unless the Save Password option is set, and will then download your mail.

Sending an emailFrom the Message menu, choose New Message, or click the fourth button on the toolbar, which depicts a letter and a pen. Eudora will open up a new window for you to compose the message in. Just as in Pine, enter the recipient's addresses on the To: and Cc: lines, separating multiple addresses with commas, and pressing Tab to move to the next field. Enter a subject on the Subject line, and type the text of your message in the space at the bottom of the window.

When you are done composing the message, press Command-E or click the "Send" button in the upper corner of the message window to send it. Eudora will connect to the FAS mail server over the network and upload your message, sending it on its way.

If you wish to cancel a message while you are in the process of composing it, simply close the message window without pressing the Send button. Eudora will ask if you would like to save changes to the message; select No to cancel it. Replying to an emailTo reply to a message, either select that message in the folder list window, or open that message itself. From the Message menu, choose Reply, or press the Reply button on the toolbar, which depicts a message with a single arrow pointing backwards. The Reply feature by default replies only to the author of the message, rather than to all recipients. To have your reply sent to everyone who received the message to which you are replying, select Reply to All from the Message menu by holding the Option key before opening the Message menu.

Both of these functions will then open up a new window, addressed to the appropriate recipients, and with the text of the message to which you are replying quoted. You may edit the recipients and message text as desired, and then type Command-E or press the Send button to send your message.

Forwarding an emailTo forward a message, either select that message in the folder list window, or open that message itself. From the Message menu, choose Forward, or press the Forward button on the toolbar, which depicts a message with a green arrow pointing forwards. The Forward feature enables you to send a message to someone else, using your own name as the message sender. To forward a message


while preserving the original sender's name in the From: field, select Redirect from the Message menu, or press the button on the toolbar which depicts a letter with a green arrow changing directions.

Both of these functions will then open up a new window, addressed to the appropriate recipients, and with the text of the message to which you are replying quoted. You may edit the recipients and message text as desired and then type Command-E or press the Send button to send your message. Saving an email to another mailboxEudora enables you to save your email to multiple different folders, called "mailboxes". This can be a useful way to organize your email, such as by having different mailboxes for each of your classes and so on. By default, Eudora stores your incoming messages in a special mailbox called the In Box, but it's easy to move messages elsewhere.

Highlight or view the email in your In Box that you want to save elsewhere. Then, click on the Transfer Menu. You will see a list of all available mailboxes, including In, Out, Trash, and any other folders you may have defined. Simply click on a folder name to transfer the message to that mailbox. Alternatively, you can click on New… to create a new mailbox.

You can also create Folders, which can contain mailboxes or other folders, enabling you to create as complicated a hierarchical structure as you desire for storing your mail. To create a Folder, click on the New… selection on the Mailbox menu, place a check in the Make it a Folder box, and enter the name of the folder to create. You will then be prompted to create at least one mailbox within that folder.

Viewing an email in another mailboxTo view a message that you have saved in another mailbox, click on the Mailbox menu. Select the name of the other mailbox from the menu. That mailbox will then be displayed and you can select a message to view just as with the In Box.

Attaching a fileTo attach a file to a message that you are in the process of composing, either select Attach File from the Message menu, or press the button on the toolbar that depicts a message with a file paper-clipped to it. Eudora will open up the standard Macintosh "File Open" dialog box; browse your hard drive and select the file you wish to attach, then press the Attach button to attach the file to your message.

If you receive a message with an attachment, when you view that message it will have an icon for that file at the bottom of the message. Double-clicking this icon will open the attachment in the appropriate application. If you wish to move or delete the attachment file, it can be found in the Attachments Folder inside your Eudora Folder, which can be found in your System Folder.

Using the Address BookEudora, like Pine, has an Address Book function that enables you to define easy-to-remember shortcuts, called "nicknames," for your friends' email addresses. Furthermore, if you put the user on the Recipient List, the user is then available under submenus of the Message menu that enable you to quickly compose a message to them.

To create a nickname, select Address Book from the Window menu, or press the toolbar button with an address book icon. Press the New button to create a new Nickname, and you will be prompted with a dialog box asking what you want to call the nickname. Enter the nickname here (for example


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"john" for John Harvard). Press enter, and you will return to the main address book window, where you can enter the email address(es) for this nickname (in this example, [email protected]) You can enter any number of addresses in one nickname, which simplifies sending mail to multiple people. Note that Eudora's Address Book also has the ability to store notes about a person as well as their phone number and postal address.

The Recipient List feature allows you to quickly select nicknames from a menu. To add a nickname to the Recipient List, right-click on it in the Address Book and select "Add to Recipient List". On the Message menu, you may select New Message To, Forward To, or Redirect To, and you will be presented with a menu of all nicknames on your Recipient List. Simply click on one of the nicknames, and Eudora will instantly open up an appropriate message window already addressed to that person. Filtering messagesFilters enable you to process your incoming mail. You can sort, delete, tag, or automatically forward messages, among other things. Filters are incredibly powerful and are arguably one of the best features of Eudora. A detailed reference on filters is beyond the scope of this packet; a good place to start would be Eudora's online help file. However, here's a quick example to get you started.

Let's suppose you want to save all mail from John Harvard ([email protected]) into a mailbox called "John". First, create that mailbox as described above. Now select Filters from the Window menu, and click on the New button. Each filter has two parts: The Match part, which determines which messages the filter applies to, and the Action part, which determines what the filter does. In the Match section of the Filter window, select the Header field drop-down list, and choose From:. Then type in [email protected] into the empty box below, after the word contains. This means that the filter will match any message whose From: line contains the text [email protected]. Now, in the Action portion of the Filters window, select the first drop-down box, and choose Transfer To. A button will then appear next to the drop-down list; if you click on this button, you will be presented with a list of all available mailboxes. Click on the "John" mailbox you created earlier. And that's it—you're done. Simply close the filter window and select yes when asked if you want to save changes. All messages from John Harvard will be automatically transferred into the John mailbox when they are received by Eudora.

Many other things are possible with filters; see the online help or the web site listed in the next section for a more complete reference.

Additional help with EudoraIf you need help with Eudora and cannot find the answer in this packet, don't despair! There is still help on the way! First, you can try Eudora's online help, available by selecting the Help menu from within Eudora. If you still cannot find the answer you need there, you can turn to a comprehensive Eudora help web site, written by volunteers across the Internet. This site, http://wso.williams.edu/~eudora/, contains answers to practically any question you might have about Eudora, as well as tips and tricks for improving the way you use the program. Be sure to check it out if you have any questions!


TRANSFERRING FILES VIA FTPFrequently, you may wish to transfer files between your FAS Unix account and your own computer. This is particularly important if you use Pine for email and receive file attachments. You can use an Internet protocol called FTP, the File Transmission Protocol, to transfer files between your Unix account and any PC. fas runs a program known as a FTP server; this program waits, 'listening' for FTP connections from other computers, and then servicing the file transfer requests that are made.

FetchWhat is it?

Fetch is the FTP client that FAS Computer Services supports and distributes via its FAS Network Installer Disk. This program allows you to transfer files between your Mac and your FAS Unix account.

Starting an FTP sessionThe FAS Network Installer Disk installs a FTP client program called Fetch. When you open Fetch, you will be presented with a connection dialog box, entitled New Connection…. To connect to fas, enter "fas.harvard.edu" in the Host field. Enter your own username and password in the appropriate fields. You can leave the Directory field blank. Click on OK to begin the FTP session, and Fetch will connect to fas.

Transferring a fileAfter you have connected to the FTP server, you will see a box on the left representing your home directory on fas. You can enter a subdirectory by double-clicking on the directory's name in the list, or you can move to a higher directory by selecting it from the menu at the top of the list.

To transfer a file from fas to your Mac, browse to the directory on fas containing the file you wish to transfer. (Hold Command and click to select multiple files.) Then press the Get File(s)… button, and select the location where the files should be placed. You can also drag files from the Fetch window into windows within the Finder in order to download a file.

To transfer a file from your Mac to fas, browse to the directory on fas where the files should be placed. Then click the Put File… button and select the file to upload. You will then be asked to indicate the type of file you're uploading. If you are uploading a plain text file, like an HTML file for a Web page, use Plain Text. Otherwise, if you're uploading a picture or a document created by a word processor, use Raw Data. You can also drag file from the Finder into the Fetch window to upload.

Managing files and directoriesFetch also supports renaming files, creating and removing directories, setting permissions, and viewing files. All of these features can be accessed via the Remote and Directories menus, which contain commands for file and directory management.


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THE WORLD WIDE WEB

The World Wide Web (a.k.a. the Web or WWW) is a collection of interconnected documents that spans the entire Internet, providing a rich and graphical environment that is rapidly becoming pervasive. The Web offers documents that integrate text, images, sounds, and links to other documents, forms, and even movies. The Web also supports database searches on the Internet and is a rich source of information for research.

Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)What do web addresses mean?Every web page has its own unique identifier, called a Uniform Resource Locater (URL for short). An example of a URL is http://www.hcs.harvard.edu/~seminars/index.html. All URLs for web pages begin with http://. For the curious, http stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol. The name of the computer that contains the web site follows next. More examples of site addresses include: www.fas.harvard.edu, www.whitehouse.gov, and www.yahoo.com. Web servers very often (but not always!) have the string www in their computer names. Following the web site address in every URL is another slash and then the location of the target page on the site itself. Nearly all web pages end with the extension .html. In the example above, the URL is pointing to the page named index.html in the /~seminars/ directory of the www.hcs.harvard.edu web site. Another example of a URL is that of the Harvard College Home Page, http://www.college.harvard.edu/. As you'll notice, some URLs actually don't include any page name in them, such as the one above. In this case, the URL points to the default page in that directory of the site – this default page is almost always called index.html. Thus, http://www.harvard.edu/ actually points to http://www.harvard.edu/index.html.

Creating Web PagesCan I create my own web page?FAS Computer Services allows users with accounts on fas.harvard.edu to publish web pages from their accounts. The Harvard Computer Society provides hands-on assistance to students wishing to publish web pages; for more information attend one of our Web Design Seminars or visit http://hcs.harvard.edu/~seminar/.

Useful Web PagesWhat are some useful places on the web?The following are web sites you may find particularly useful during your time at Harvard.

http://www.hcs.harvard.edu/The Harvard Computer Society's web site. From this page you can access information about the HCS and all of its projects, such as the Seminar Series itself, Account Services, and many others.

http://www.college.harvard.edu/Harvard College Online, a treasure trove of information about what's going on at Harvard. Contains the Online Calendar of Events as well as links to information and other web sites across the college.


http://www.fas.harvard.edu/The Faculty of Arts and Sciences home page. Similar to the College page in some ways, the FAS page has information on a broader reach of topics useful to the FAS community at large.

http://www.fas.harvard.edu/computing/The FAS Computer Services home page. Here you can find detailed reference materials,answers to your questions, and information on obtaining more help for your computer needs.

http://www.yahoo.comYahoo, one of the many online search engines, is a useful way to find things on the Internet outside of Harvard. Also try http://www.altavista.digital.com.

http://www.cnn.comThe CNN news service's web site. Here you can find the latest-breaking news and information, often before it has found its way to television or print media.

There is an almost infinite variety of other web sites on the Internet, so don't be hesitant about exploring it using Yahoo or AltaVista.

Netscape What is Netscape?A Web browser is a program that allows you to view documents and explore the Web. Netscape Navigator is the supported Web browser available throughout the FAS Network.

Hypertext links are underlined and are usually displayed in a different color than the surrounding text. The default for Web pages is to display links in blue. When you move the mouse pointer over a link, the pointer changes to a picture of a pointing finger. Many images also serve as links.

How do I navigate in Netscape?Along the top of the Netscape window is a toolbar. The buttons in the toolbar perform the most important navigation actions.

Back, a leftward-pointing arrow, returns to the previous Web page you were viewing. You can press Back repeatedly to go back several pages. If you are using version 4.0 or later of Netscape, you can hold down the Back button and a menu will pop up listing the pages you have recently visited.

Forward, a rightward-pointing arrow, allows you to move to more recent pages you have visited after pressing the Back button.

Home, a small house icon, will take you back to the page you have designated as the home page. On most Harvard systems this is either Harvard College Online (most useful to undergraduates) or the FAS Home Page.

You can also designate a different home page. If you have Netscape 4.0 or later, go to the Edit menu and select Preferences. Then, click on Navigator on the left pane of the window that will appear. In the Home Page box on the right, enter the URL of the page you want, and then click OK.


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Reload, a circular arrow, will reload the current page.

Stop, which looks like a stop sign or a red traffic light, will stop loading the current page.

The Location Box

The Location box stretches across the top of the screen below the toolbar. This box displays the URL of the current page you are viewing at any time. If you want to go to a particular page for which you know the URL, enter the URL into the Location box and press Enter.

Bookmarks

Bookmarks allow you to save the locations of Web pages so you can return later. To add a bookmark to your list, select Add Bookmark from the Bookmarks menu. Then, the page you are currently viewing will be added to the list. At any later time, you can select that page from the menu and bring up the page again. To delete or move bookmarks, select Edit Bookmarks from the Bookmarks menu. A window will appear that lets you manipulate the contents of your bookmarks list.


Appendix A: Setting Up an AppleShare Server

APPENDIX A: SETTING UP AN APPLESHARE SERVERIf you wish, you may use your own Macintosh to share files and programs over the campus network. Your computer will be visible to others in the Chooser as an AppleShare server in the zone corresponding to your dorm or house.

If you haven't done so already, you may wish to read the sections on using the Chooser and AppleShare before continuing.

Step 1: Turn on file sharing and/or program linkingIf you are using Mac OS 8, open the File Sharing control panel from the Control Panels folder in the Apple Menu, and select the Start/Stop tab. If you are using an earlier version of the Mac OS, open the Sharing Setup control panel from the Control Panels folder in the Apple Menu.

Enter a name and password for yourself—this should not be your FAS password, though you may use your FAS username if you wish. Enter a name for your computer—this name will be visible in the Chooser when other people look for AppleShare servers in your zone.

Now, turn on File Sharing and/or Program Linking by clicking the corresponding Start buttons. File sharing allows others to view/modify files on your computer (though which files they can view and which files they can modify will be set on a file-by-file basis later on). Program linking allows others to run programs which reside on your computer without first copying them to their own computer.

Step 2: Setting up users and groupsYou can set up individual accounts for users that will be using your computer for the purpose of assigning access permissions for various areas of your computer. You can also group users to set permissions for an entire group, all at once.

Users and groups are managed using the Users & Groups control panel, found in the Control Panels folder in the Apple Menu.

There are two special users. The first is called Guest—the permissions assigned to this user are the permissions used when a user logs into your computer as Guest in the Chooser. (If you are unfamiliar with guest logins, read the section on AppleShare above.) The second is the owner—you. The name should be the same name you entered in the File Sharing control panel (or the Sharing Setup control panel under earlier versions of the Mac OS).

You can create new users and groups by clicking the buttons on the right-hand side of the control panel (under previous versions of the Mac OS, these options are available via the File menu). Double-clicking a user will allow you to set the user's password and whether the user is allowed to use file sharing and program linking. Double-clicking a group will allow you to adjust which users are members of which groups by dragging users to and from the group's window.

The users you have created can now log in to your computer as Registered User in the Chooser, and you yourself can log into your computer using the owner account.

Step 3: Sharing folders and setting permissionsNow you must select those folders on your hard drive which you wish to share. Find the folder or disk you wish to share and select it. Now choose Sharing… from the File menu. Click on the checkbox indicating that you wish to share this item.

Using Your Macintosh on the Harvard NetworkThe Harvard Computer SocietyAppendix A: Setting Up an AppleShare Server

Now set permissions. You must first designate an owner, which will most likely be yourself (the owner name you chose earlier in this process). Set your permissions on the far right—you can set whether you will be allowed to read and/or write to this file/folder remotely. Note that your settings here do not affect your use of the computer when you are sitting in front of it—they only affect your use of the computer when you log in from another Macintosh. So, if you do not intend to use your computer via the owner account, it is perfectly acceptable (even desirable) to deny all access to the owner account.

The second and third lines are for User/Group and Everyone. You may select any user or group and assign them permissions on the second line; the remaining users (including the guest account) will get the permissions assigned to everyone on the third line.

Finally, there is an option to copy permissions to enclosed folders, which is useful if you wish to share the folder you have selected along with all of its contents.

A final word of warning: Make sure you set permissions correctly, and make sure you trust the people to whom you are giving access! It is your responsibility to set permissions for your AppleShare server correctly!


Appendix B: Basic Pico and Pine Editing Commands

APPENDIX B: BASIC PICO AND PINE EDITING COMMANDSThe following commands may be used while editing a text file with Pico or while composing, forwarding, or replying to an email with Pine. In both Pico and Pine, any references to ^ among the commands listed at the bottom of the screen refer to your keyboard's Control (Ctrl) key.

For additional information on Pico and Pine, visit http://www.washington.edu/pine/.

On-Screen Help

Control–G Displays on-screen help

File Management

Control–O Saves the file (in Pico) or postpone the message (in Pine). (I.e., writes your text out to a file.)

Control–R Inserts an existing file at the current cursor location. (I.e., reads in an existing file.)

Control–X Saves the file and exits (in Pico) or sends the message (in Pine).

Moving the Cursor

Control–A Moves the cursor to the beginning of the current line.

Control–B or Moves the cursor backwards one character.

Control–E Moves the cursor to the end of the current line.

Control–F or Moves the cursor forward one character.

Control–N or Moves the cursor down one line—i.e., to the next line.

Control–P or Moves the cursor up one line—i.e., to the previous line.

Control–V Moves the cursor forward one screenfull.

Control–Y Moves the cursor backwards one screenfull.

Editing Text

Control–D Deletes the character at the cursor's current position.

Control–I Inserts a tab at the cursor's current position.

Control–J Re-justifies the current sentence or paragraph.

Control–K Cuts the current line

Control–L Re-draws the screen.

Control–T Checks the text's spelling.

Control–U Pastes the most recently cut line—i.e., uncuts it—or unjustifies a recently justified paragraph or sentence.

Control–W Searches for text.


Seminar Evaluation Form

SEMINAR EVALUATION FORMWe would appreciate very much your evaluation of this seminar.

When you have completed this form, please give it to one of the seminar's staff members or leave it by the door as you leave.

Thank you for your time.

Please write the date and time of this seminar:

Please rate this seminar by circling one answer for each category.

Overall experience: Poor Good Great Instructor: Poor Good Great Assistants: Poor Good Great

Pace: Too slow Just right Too fast Level: Too basic Just right Too advanced Detail: Too little detail Just right Too much detail

Do you feel comfortable using the network now? If not, why not?

What, if anything, should we add to or omit from this seminar?

What can the instructor and assistants improve upon?

What additional seminars would you like us to offer? Would you attend?

Do you have any other comments or suggestions?

Documents

Using Your - hcs.harvard.eduseminar/packets/doc/mac_packet.… · Web viewUsing Your Macintosh. on the Harvard Network. Copyright © 1998 The President and Fellows of Harvard College