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Using Quotations in Your Writing

Using Quotations in Your Writing. Provide evidence to support your assertions 1. All quotations should be tied to your sentences. Introduce them. They

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Page 1: Using Quotations in Your Writing. Provide evidence to support your assertions 1. All quotations should be tied to your sentences. Introduce them. They

Using Quotations in Your Writing

Page 2: Using Quotations in Your Writing. Provide evidence to support your assertions 1. All quotations should be tied to your sentences. Introduce them. They

Provide evidence to support your assertions

1. All quotations should be tied to your sentences. Introduce them. They should never suddenly appear out of nowhere. Never use a quotation as a complete sentence by itself.• Incorrect: Scout describes Walter Cunningham.

“Walter looked as if he had been raised on fish food: his eyes, as blue as Dill Harris’s, were red-rimmed and watery” (23).

• Correct: Scout thought, “Walter looked as if he had been raised on fish food: his eyes, as blue as Dill Harris’s were red-rimmed and watery” (23).

Page 3: Using Quotations in Your Writing. Provide evidence to support your assertions 1. All quotations should be tied to your sentences. Introduce them. They

Provide evidence to support your assertions

2. (Commentary) Discuss your quotations. Do not quote someone and then leave the words hanging as if they were self-explanatory. What does the quotation mean and how does it help establish the point you are making? They are not substitutes for your ideas and they do not stand by themselves. It is often useful to apply some interpretive phrasing after a quotation, to show the reader that you are explaining the quotation and that it supports your argument:

• Here the reader can see that…

• This statement shows…

• It can be concluded from this that…

Page 4: Using Quotations in Your Writing. Provide evidence to support your assertions 1. All quotations should be tied to your sentences. Introduce them. They

Provide evidence to support your assertions

3. Vary the verbs you use to introduce quotations. Some examples include:

• WRITING FOLDER

• informs us alleges

• writes claims states

• observes comments thinks

• notes affirms asserts

• remarks explains argues

• adds declares tells us

Page 5: Using Quotations in Your Writing. Provide evidence to support your assertions 1. All quotations should be tied to your sentences. Introduce them. They

Embedding Quotes

1.A more effective use of quotations is to embed a part of the sentence into your writing.

• Effective: Scout recognizes Walter’s hunger in his “red-rimmed and watery eyes” and his looking “as if he had been raised on fish food” (23).

Page 6: Using Quotations in Your Writing. Provide evidence to support your assertions 1. All quotations should be tied to your sentences. Introduce them. They

Embedding Quotes

2.Use an ellipsis, three periods with spaces between them (…), within a quotation to show that part of the original text is left out. An ellipsis at the beginning or end of a quotation is unnecessary.

Page 7: Using Quotations in Your Writing. Provide evidence to support your assertions 1. All quotations should be tied to your sentences. Introduce them. They

Embedding Quotes

3. Use single quotation marks around material that is already in quotations in the source you are quoting. Single quotation marks are used only inside normal (double) quotation marks.

• Example: Harper Lee’s use of dialect adds to the character development. Jem’s age and almost brotherly concer show when he says to Dill, “’she ain’t gonna get you. He’ll talk her out of it. That was fast thinkin’, son’” (55).

• Example: Scout feels Jem’s emotion as she sees that his “shoulders jerked as if each ‘guilty’ was a separate stab between them” (211).

Page 8: Using Quotations in Your Writing. Provide evidence to support your assertions 1. All quotations should be tied to your sentences. Introduce them. They

Embedding Quotes

4.Sometimes it is necessary to change the form of a word in a quotation (“walks” to “walked”) or to add a word of your own to make the sentence flow. Use brackets, [ ], to indicate anything you have changed.

• Example: Regarding Mrs. Dubose, Atticus says to Jem that he “wanted [him] to see something about her” (112).

Page 9: Using Quotations in Your Writing. Provide evidence to support your assertions 1. All quotations should be tied to your sentences. Introduce them. They

Embedding Quotations--ALL QUOTES must be introduced in an essay.

 A. ROLLS ROYCE (most impressive; demonstrates you are a sophisticated writer; most difficult to master)

Incorporate a quote into a sentence that you have already begun:

1.Realizing how hurt Piggy is, Ralph can’t decide “between the two courses of apology or further insult.”

2.Smokers continually “infringe on the rights of others when they light up in confined places such as elevators and restrooms.”

3.Evidence of a plane crash was “visible in the trees; there were the splintered trunks and then the drag, leaving only a fringe of palms between the scar and the sea.”

4.Americans must learn “that envy is ignorance; that imitation is suicide.”

Page 10: Using Quotations in Your Writing. Provide evidence to support your assertions 1. All quotations should be tied to your sentences. Introduce them. They

B. CADILLAC (perfectly acceptable, just not as impressive)

Introduce the quote with a complete sentence. This is what most students are doing when they “plop” quotes into a paper. All you need to do is put a colon after the sentence preceding the quote and begin the quote with a capital letter. This time the quote must be a complete sentence.

1.Ralph’s common sense is evident in the novel: “If a ship comes near the island they may not notice us. So we must make. . . a fire.”

2.Second hand smoke has been proven lethal: “Cases are now being documented where people whose parents smoked are getting lung cancer when they themselves have not smoked” (“Truth” 4).

3.Emerson believes passionately in individualism: “Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist.”

Page 11: Using Quotations in Your Writing. Provide evidence to support your assertions 1. All quotations should be tied to your sentences. Introduce them. They

C. CHEVY CHEVETTE (gets you there, but without much style)

Introduce or end the quote by identifying the speaker.

1.Loyd says to Codi, “Too good to speak to an Indian boy on the street?”

2.“Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere,” says Dr. King.

3.According to Emerson, “In every work of genius we recognize our own rejected thoughts.”

Page 12: Using Quotations in Your Writing. Provide evidence to support your assertions 1. All quotations should be tied to your sentences. Introduce them. They

Quotation at the beginning of a sentence

“We haven’t got a flag…so I’m going to wear this [pink shirt] as an emblem,” Finny declares in an attempt to celebrate the war (25).

Quotation in the middle of a sentence

Gene grows increasingly more resentful of Finny because “He had gotten away with everything” that should have been sacred to Devon (20).

Quotation at the end of a sentence

Gene’s paranoia leads him to feel that Finny “despised the possibility that I might be head of the school” (52).

Page 13: Using Quotations in Your Writing. Provide evidence to support your assertions 1. All quotations should be tied to your sentences. Introduce them. They

Quotation divided by your own words “Nothing endures,” the older Gene reflects, “not a tree, not love, not even a death by violence” (14).

Introducing a quotation with a colon (longer quotations)

Brinker Hadley voices Gene’s state of mind: “Something just seized you. It wasn’t anything you really felt against Phineas, it wasn’t some kind of hate you’ve felt all along” (191).

Page 14: Using Quotations in Your Writing. Provide evidence to support your assertions 1. All quotations should be tied to your sentences. Introduce them. They

In-text Citations MLA Style

• In-text Citations follow the same format as a book (Author last name pg. #)

• (Knowles 125)

• If no author, put corporate author or organization, i.e. (American Red Cross)

• If no organization, use the first word of the title.

• If no page number, simply leave out.

Page 15: Using Quotations in Your Writing. Provide evidence to support your assertions 1. All quotations should be tied to your sentences. Introduce them. They

For a verse play, list the act, scene, and line numbers, separated by periods.

In his famous advice to the players, Hamlet defines the purpose of theater, "whose end, both at the first and now, was and is, to hold, as 'twere, the mirror up to nature" (3.2.21-23).

If the book of the Bible include in parentheses the chapter and verse numbers. Consider the words of Solomon: "If your enemy is hungry, give him bread to eat; and if he is thirsty, give him water to drink" (Prov. 25.21).

Page 16: Using Quotations in Your Writing. Provide evidence to support your assertions 1. All quotations should be tied to your sentences. Introduce them. They

WORKS CITED ACTIVITY

Your assignment is to create a Works Cited for the following four websites:

• http://www.mardigras.com/ entire site

• http://www.novareinna.com/festive/mardi.html

• http://www.gmc.edu/library/neworleans/NOmardi.htm

• http://eoa.auburn.edu/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1437