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Using PGRs to Enhance Production of Herbaceous Perennials
Joyce LatimerVirginia Tech Perennials Program
Blacksburg, VA
Using PGRs to Enhance Production of Herbaceous Perennials
Joyce LatimerVirginia Tech Perennials Program
Blacksburg, VA
Presented by:
PGRs for Perennial PlantsPGRs for Perennial Plants Crop and Cultivar
Growth habit
Clumping vs. upright
Greenhouse vs. nursery
Production time
Time of year
Length of production time
Container size
Green or in flower?
Crop and Cultivar
Growth habit
Clumping vs. upright
Greenhouse vs. nursery
Production time
Time of year
Length of production time
Container size
Green or in flower?
Achillea ‘Red Beauty’
Achillea ‘Red Beauty’
With slow-release fert
No slow-release fert
Overwintered with or without slow‐release fertilizer
Same PGR regime??
Overwintered with or without slow‐release fertilizer
Same PGR regime??
Cultural PracticesCultural Practices
Irrigation practices
Drier uses less PGR
Growing temperatures
Less PGR if cooler
Spacing
Light is best growth regulator
Light levels
Less PGR if higher
Shearing/pinching
Vigorous growth
Expanding PGR ToolboxExpanding PGR ToolboxType Chemical Products
Anti‐GA Ancymidol Abide, A‐Rest
Chlormequat Cl Citadel, Cycocel
Daminozide B‐Nine, Dazide
Flurprimidol Topflor
Paclobutrazol Bonzi, Paczol, Piccolo, Piccolo 10XC, Downsize (drenches only)
Uniconazole Concise, Sumagic
Structural BA Configure
GA FlorGib 4L, ProGibbT&O
BA+GA Fascination, Fresco
Dikegulac sodium Augeo
Ethephon Florel
BWhipker
Anti-GAs are Cell Elongation Inhibitors
Cell ExpansionCell Expansion
Shoot ApexShoot Apex
NewcellNewcell
PGRPGR
PGR
BWhipkerBWhipker
2
Gaura lindheimeri‘Whirling Butterflies’Gaura lindheimeri
‘Whirling Butterflies’
Control Sumagic15 ppm
Sumagic30 ppm
Sumagic45 ppm
Sumagic60 ppm
Growth retardants reduce GROWTH not height! Growth retardants reduce GROWTH not height!
Control B‐Nine/ Cycocel5000/1500 ppm
B‐Nine5000 ppm
Gaura lindheimeri ‘Siskiyou Pink’Gaura lindheimeri ‘Siskiyou Pink’
Benefits of Growth RetardantsBenefits of Growth Retardants
Control plant growth (height or size)
Less space used per plant in production
Buffer period of growth control
Can meet shipping height requirements
Can ship more plants per load
Control plant growth (height or size)
Less space used per plant in production
Buffer period of growth control
Can meet shipping height requirements
Can ship more plants per load
Benefits of Growth RetardantsBenefits of Growth Retardants Improve plant quality &
uniformity
Deeper color
Strengthen stems
Plant height impacts perceived quality (balance)
May increase disease resistance
Increase stress resistance
Have less shrinkage (production losses)
Have longer shelf life (production and retail)
Improve plant quality & uniformity
Deeper color
Strengthen stems
Plant height impacts perceived quality (balance)
May increase disease resistance
Increase stress resistance
Have less shrinkage (production losses)
Have longer shelf life (production and retail)
Grower BenefitsGrower Benefits
Growers using PGRs: Reduce cost of production
Reduce shrinkage
Can ship more plants per load
Longer shelf life (greenhouse or retail)
PGRs higher quality and more saleable plants
Growers who use PGRs can make more MONEY!
Growers using PGRs: Reduce cost of production
Reduce shrinkage
Can ship more plants per load
Longer shelf life (greenhouse or retail)
PGRs higher quality and more saleable plants
Growers who use PGRs can make more MONEY!
PGRs – NO Soil ActivityPGRs – NO Soil Activity
Typically short‐term responses, multiple applications required
• Uptake by leaves; good coverage required
• Daminozide
• B‐Nine WSG (OHP)
• Dazide (Fine Americas)
Typically short‐term responses, multiple applications required
• Uptake by leaves; good coverage required
• Daminozide
• B‐Nine WSG (OHP)
• Dazide (Fine Americas)
Control B‐Nine5000 x 2
Veronica ‘Sunny Border Blue’Veronica ‘Sunny Border Blue’
3
PGRs – LIMITED Soil ActivityPGRs – LIMITED Soil Activity
• Some root uptake
• Primarily foliar applications; good coverage required
• Chlormequat Cl• Citadel (Fine Americas)
• Cycocel (OHP)
• NOT labeled for chemigation
• Cycocel labeled for outdoor application
• Labeled for tank mix with daminozide
• Some root uptake
• Primarily foliar applications; good coverage required
• Chlormequat Cl• Citadel (Fine Americas)
• Cycocel (OHP)
• NOT labeled for chemigation
• Cycocel labeled for outdoor application
• Labeled for tank mix with daminozide
Tank Mix Daminozide/Chlromequat ClTank Mix Daminozide/Chlromequat Cl
B‐Nine/Cycocel Tank Mix, 4 WAT Good control with single application B‐Nine/Cycocel Tank Mix, 4 WAT Good control with single application
Control 5000/1000
5000/2000
5000/3000
5000/4000
B‐Nine5000 ppm
Veronica ‘Sunny Border Blue’Veronica ‘Sunny Border Blue’
PGRs – Soil ACTIVEPGRs – Soil ACTIVE
• Taken up by shoot and root tissues
• Typically more potent than foliar only
• Ancymidol (labeled for chemigation)• Abide (Fine Americas)
• A‐Rest (SePRO)
• Flurprimidol (labeled for chemigation) • Topflor (SePRO)
• Taken up by shoot and root tissues
• Typically more potent than foliar only
• Ancymidol (labeled for chemigation)• Abide (Fine Americas)
• A‐Rest (SePRO)
• Flurprimidol (labeled for chemigation) • Topflor (SePRO)
Veronica ‘Icicle’Veronica ‘Icicle’
Abide drenches at 2 fl.oz. per quart pot
Plant ht: Control 10 inches vs. 8 ppm drench 4 inches
Abide drenches at 2 fl.oz. per quart pot
Plant ht: Control 10 inches vs. 8 ppm drench 4 inches
Control 2 ppm 4 ppm 6 ppm 8 ppm
6 WAT
PGRs – Soil ACTIVEPGRs – Soil ACTIVE
• Paclobutrazols (labeled for chemigation)
• Bonzi (Syngenta Professional Products)
• Downsize (Greenleaf Chemical)
• Paczol (OHP)
• Piccolo & Piccolo 10 XC (Fine Americas)
• Uniconazoles (not labeled for chemigation)
• Concise (Fine Americas)
• Sumagic (Valent USA)
• Paclobutrazols (labeled for chemigation)
• Bonzi (Syngenta Professional Products)
• Downsize (Greenleaf Chemical)
• Paczol (OHP)
• Piccolo & Piccolo 10 XC (Fine Americas)
• Uniconazoles (not labeled for chemigation)
• Concise (Fine Americas)
• Sumagic (Valent USA)
Piccolo 10XCPiccolo 10XC
• Fine Americas has introduced a more concentrated form of their paclobutrazol PGR Piccolo.• New formulation is 10x stronger• Smaller/ more convenient package size:
• 1 qt. Piccolo 10XC = 2.5 gal. Piccolo
• Overcomes the potential settling problems associated with all paclobutrazol formulations
• Trials throughout the U.S. by university researchers found similar efficacies with both Piccolo and Piccolo10XC.
• Fine Americas has introduced a more concentrated form of their paclobutrazol PGR Piccolo.• New formulation is 10x stronger• Smaller/ more convenient package size:
• 1 qt. Piccolo 10XC = 2.5 gal. Piccolo
• Overcomes the potential settling problems associated with all paclobutrazol formulations
• Trials throughout the U.S. by university researchers found similar efficacies with both Piccolo and Piccolo10XC.
4
Relative Activity of Anti-GA PGRsRelative Activity of Anti-GA PGRs
AncymidolDaminozide
Chlormequat
Daminozide +Chlormequat
Paclobutrazol Uniconazole
LessLess MoreMore
FlurprimidolLeaf Substrate
StemBulb soak
BWhipker
Impact of PGR Choice on DosageImpact of PGR Choice on Dosage
• PGRs w/ No or Limited Soil Activity
• Dosage = rate (ppm of solution)
• Soil Active PGRs
• Dosage = [ppm] x [volume]
• PGRs w/ No or Limited Soil Activity
• Dosage = rate (ppm of solution)
• Soil Active PGRs
• Dosage = [ppm] x [volume]
Foliar SpraysFoliar Sprays
• Most often used,
economics, ease of use
• Volume critical for soil
active PGRs
• Uniformity of crop depends on uniformity of application
• Efficacy affected by environmental conditions and plant status
• Most often used,
economics, ease of use
• Volume critical for soil
active PGRs
• Uniformity of crop depends on uniformity of application
• Efficacy affected by environmental conditions and plant status
Soil Active = Volume is Critical!!Soil Active = Volume is Critical!!
• Apply evenly to the area, not to plants
• Use a constant volume – monitor equipment
• Apply evenly to the area, not to plants
• Use a constant volume – monitor equipment
50 ppm Bonzi
Control 1 gal/200 sf 2 gal/200 sf
Application UniformityApplication Uniformity
Control? 10 ppm Sumagic
Application Uniformity = Uniform Crop!Application Uniformity = Uniform Crop!
10 ppm Sumagic10 ppm Sumagic
5
Other Spray Application NotesOther Spray Application Notes
• Addition of surfactant may be necessary for plants with waxy leaves• Check PGR label
• Spray applications have the most potential to delay flowering when applied late in crop
• Multiple applications may be required
• Uniformity of application produces uniform response
• Volume is an application tool
• Addition of surfactant may be necessary for plants with waxy leaves• Check PGR label
• Spray applications have the most potential to delay flowering when applied late in crop
• Multiple applications may be required
• Uniformity of application produces uniform response
• Volume is an application tool
Environmental Factors Improving AbsorptionEnvironmental Factors Improving Absorption
• Low drying conditions after application
• Select cloudy days, early morning or late afternoon for foliar applications
• Moderate temperatures
• High relative humidity
• Limited air movement
• Low drying conditions after application
• Select cloudy days, early morning or late afternoon for foliar applications
• Moderate temperatures
• High relative humidity
• Limited air movement
Liner Dips/Soaks – Soil Active PGRs Liner Dips/Soaks – Soil Active PGRs
• Dip root ball in PGR solution
• Plugs ready for irrigation = “dry” plug
• Early control of vigorous crops
• Flexibility of treatment (REI)
• Dip root ball in PGR solution
• Plugs ready for irrigation = “dry” plug
• Early control of vigorous crops
• Flexibility of treatment (REI)
Liner Dip – Bonzi on PerovskiaLiner Dip – Bonzi on Perovskia
• Goal is to provide baseline control of vigorous crops
• Make additional treatments later if necessary
• Goal is to provide baseline control of vigorous crops
• Make additional treatments later if necessary
Control 2 ppm 4 ppm 6 ppm 8 ppm 10 ppm
5 WAT
Liner Dip – Bonzi on PerovskiaLiner Dip – Bonzi on Perovskia
Control 2 ppm 4 ppm 6 ppm 8 ppm 10 ppm
8 WAT
Liner Dip – Concise on MiscanthusLiner Dip – Concise on Miscanthus
• Miscanthus sinensis ‘Gracillimus’
• Crops less responsive to spray applications
• Miscanthus sinensis ‘Gracillimus’
• Crops less responsive to spray applications
Control 1 ppm 2 ppm 3 ppm 4 ppm 5 ppm
12 WAT
6
Liner Dips/SoaksLiner Dips/Soaks
• Plugs ready for irrigation = “dry” plug
• Time not critical – 30 sec to 2 min
• Be consistent
• Plant immediately or hold them
• No loss of effectiveness of dip solution
• Less potential to delay flowering compared to overhead drench or foliar sprays
• Plugs ready for irrigation = “dry” plug
• Time not critical – 30 sec to 2 min
• Be consistent
• Plant immediately or hold them
• No loss of effectiveness of dip solution
• Less potential to delay flowering compared to overhead drench or foliar sprays
Expanding PGR ToolboxExpanding PGR ToolboxType Chemical Products
Anti‐GA Ancymidol Abide, A‐Rest
ChlormequatCl Citadel, Cycocel
Daminozide B‐Nine, Dazide
Flurprimidol Topflor
Paclobutrazol Bonzi, Paczol, Piccolo, Piccolo 10XC, Downsize (drenches only)
Uniconazole Concise, Sumagic
Structural BA Configure
GA FlorGib 4L, ProGibbT&O
BA+GA Fascination, Fresco
Dikegulac sodium Augeo
Ethephon Florel
BWhipker
Chemical Approach to BranchingChemical Approach to Branching
Release apical dominance
Increase branching and improve quality
Substitute for pinching
Pinching labor intensive
Pinching delays growth and bloom
Release apical dominance
Increase branching and improve quality
Substitute for pinching
Pinching labor intensive
Pinching delays growth and bloom
Goal is to improve plant architectureGoal is to improve plant architecture
Ross Koning
Florel Brand Growth Regulator (Monterey Chemical)Florel Brand Growth Regulator (Monterey Chemical)
Ethylene releasing compound
Absorbed by leaves
Delays flowering
Excessive at high rates
Enhances branching
Used on stock plants, hanging baskets, pansies
Broad label
Ethylene releasing compound
Absorbed by leaves
Delays flowering
Excessive at high rates
Enhances branching
Used on stock plants, hanging baskets, pansies
Broad label
Configure (Fine Americas, Inc.)Configure (Fine Americas, Inc.)
6‐BA (benzyladenine; promotes cell division)
Stimulates – but does not cause –branching or flowering
Windows of opportunity
Short period of activity
Multiple applications may be beneficial
Complete spray coverage required
Not actively transported throughout the plant
6‐BA (benzyladenine; promotes cell division)
Stimulates – but does not cause –branching or flowering
Windows of opportunity
Short period of activity
Multiple applications may be beneficial
Complete spray coverage required
Not actively transported throughout the plant
Augeo (OHP, Inc.)Augeo (OHP, Inc.)
Active ingredient 18% dikegulac‐sodium
Marketed as a branching agent
Apply early in the crop cycle to stimulate branching and allow ample time for new leaf growth to cover any yellowing or leaf necrosis that may occur
Broad label for spray applications on ornamentals
Active ingredient 18% dikegulac‐sodium
Marketed as a branching agent
Apply early in the crop cycle to stimulate branching and allow ample time for new leaf growth to cover any yellowing or leaf necrosis that may occur
Broad label for spray applications on ornamentals
®
7
Configure on Agastache‘Purple Haze’
Configure on Agastache‘Purple Haze’
Finished liners branches 40% root weight
Finished liners branches 40% root weight
600x1300x2300x1Untreated600x1300x2300x1Untreated
Finished plants•Reduction in root weight of liners did not affect growth or appearance
Finished plants•Reduction in root weight of liners did not affect growth or appearance
Finished plantsFinished liners at 3 WAT
Configure on Gaura ‘Siskiyou Pink’Configure on Gaura ‘Siskiyou Pink’
Finished liners branches, leaders
Finished plants branches, leaders
Finished liners branches, leaders
Finished plants branches, leaders
Untreated 300 x 1 600 x 1300 x 2
Finished liners at 4 WAT
Finished plants
Untreated 300 x1 300 x2 600 x1
Configure on Gaura ‘Siskiyou Pink’
Control 600 ppm
• Increased number of shoots per pot at 4 WAT
• Control 5 vs. Configure 7.3 shoots/plt
• Increased lateral branching of shoots at 4 WAT
• Control 29.8 vs. Configure 39.4 branches/pot
• Increased number of shoots per pot at 4 WAT
• Control 5 vs. Configure 7.3 shoots/plt
• Increased lateral branching of shoots at 4 WAT
• Control 29.8 vs. Configure 39.4 branches/pot
Augeo and Configure on Nepeta‘Walker’s Low’Augeo and Configure on Nepeta‘Walker’s Low’
Finished liners at 2 WAT Augeo 800 & 1600 ppm branches
1600 ppm height Configure no effect branches
Finished liners at 2 WAT Augeo 800 & 1600 ppm branches
1600 ppm height Configure no effect branches
Au800Au400Untreated Au1600 Conf 600
Augeo and Configure on NepetaAugeo and Configure on Nepeta
Finished plants treated twice Augeo 1600 ppm branches
800ppm or 1600ppm height & shoot wt Configure: 600 ppm branches shoot wt
Finished plants treated twice Augeo 1600 ppm branches
800ppm or 1600ppm height & shoot wt Configure: 600 ppm branches shoot wt
Au 800x2Au 400x2Untreated Au 1600x2 Conf 600x2
Finished liners
branches
shoot wt 600 ppm
Finished liners
branches
shoot wt 600 ppm
Untreated
Configure on Phlox 'Bright Eyes'Configure on Phlox 'Bright Eyes'
600
Finished plants
branches 2 x 600 ppm
Finished plants
branches 2 x 600 ppm
Finished plants treated twice
Untreated 2 x 600
Finished liners at 2 WAT
8
Augeo on Rosmarinus 'Hill Hardy'Augeo on Rosmarinus 'Hill Hardy'
Finished liners, all trts leaders (150‐350%) branches (20%)
Finished liners, all trts leaders (150‐350%) branches (20%)
800400Untreated 1600
Finished liners at 4 WAT
Finished plants 800, 1600 leaders branches
Finished plants 800, 1600 leaders branches
800400Untreated 1600
Finished plants after grow out
Augeo and Configure on Sedum ‘Autumn Joy’Augeo and Configure on Sedum ‘Autumn Joy’
Untreated 600 ppm
Finished liners at 3 WAT
Finished plants treated twice
Finished linersAugeo branches
100% ‐200% height, shoot wt 1600
Configure branches 300%
Finished plantsAugeo branches 200% height, wt 800, 1600 phyto – yellowing
Configure• branches 200%
Finished linersAugeo branches
100% ‐200% height, shoot wt 1600
Configure branches 300%
Finished plantsAugeo branches 200% height, wt 800, 1600 phyto – yellowing
Configure• branches 200%
Au800Au400Untr Au1600 Conf 600
800x2400x2Untr 1600x2 600x2
Augeo and Florel on Veronica ‘Goodness Grows’Augeo and Florel on Veronica ‘Goodness Grows’
Finished liners Augeo and
Florelbranches
stunting Au 1600
Finished plants Augeo and
Florelbranches
stunting Au 800, 1600
Finished liners Augeo and
Florelbranches
stunting Au 1600
Finished plants Augeo and
Florelbranches
stunting Au 800, 1600
800400Untreated 1600 Florel Spr 500
800400Untreated 1600 Florel spr 500
Finished liners at 3 WAT
Finished plants after grow out
Summary – Branching Agents Summary – Branching Agents
Branching agents can improve branching during plug/liner production
Decreases in rooting do not affect finished plant quality
Branching agents have phytotoxic effects on some crops
Branching agents have limited activity in some crops which indicates a value in reapplying branching agents to the plants shortly after transplanting liners to finished containers.
Branching agents can improve branching during plug/liner production
Decreases in rooting do not affect finished plant quality
Branching agents have phytotoxic effects on some crops
Branching agents have limited activity in some crops which indicates a value in reapplying branching agents to the plants shortly after transplanting liners to finished containers.
PGRs for Branching: Key PointsPGRs for Branching: Key Points
Spring applications before or at transplant if actively growing
Configure
300 to 600 ppm (multiple) applications
Augeo
400 to 800 ppm single application
Multiple appl if first is in liner stage
Florel
350 to 500 ppm single application in plug tray (if 6 to 8 weeks from market window)
Spring applications before or at transplant if actively growing
Configure
300 to 600 ppm (multiple) applications
Augeo
400 to 800 ppm single application
Multiple appl if first is in liner stage
Florel
350 to 500 ppm single application in plug tray (if 6 to 8 weeks from market window)
These are SOUTHERN, single application, rates
Northern growers start with half the growth retardant rates
Test rates and application methods under your greenhouse or nursery conditions
These are SOUTHERN, single application, rates
Northern growers start with half the growth retardant rates
Test rates and application methods under your greenhouse or nursery conditions
Specific Crop ResponsesSpecific Crop Responses
9
Configure on Echinacea ‘Magnus’Configure on Echinacea ‘Magnus’
Control 900 ppm
Echinacea (# branches at 4 WAT)Echinacea (# branches at 4 WAT)
Cultivar Control Configure 600 ppm
Magnus 3.8 6.6
White Swan 2.4 11.4
Doubledecker 1.2 4.6
Ruby Star 4.4 11.2
Tiki Torch 1.7 4.1
Merlot 1.3 2.9
Fragrant Angel 2.6 4.4Control 600 ppm
Merlot 6WAT
Echinacea purpurea ‘White Swan’ at 8 WAPEchinacea purpurea ‘White Swan’ at 8 WAP
Untreated 600 ppmConfigure
Control 0 WAP 1 WAP 2 WAP 3 WAP 4 WAP
Final Number of Basal BranchesFinal Number of Basal Branches Earlier Pot Fill with ConfigureEarlier Pot Fill with Configure
• Echinacea ‘White Swan’ at 4 WAP
• Improved pot fill with earlier applications
• Echinacea ‘White Swan’ at 4 WAP
• Improved pot fill with earlier applications
Control1.7 br
0 WAP4.8 br
1 WAP5.5 br
2 WAP 3.8 br
3 WAP2.8 br
Configure: Key Points for EchinaceaConfigure: Key Points for Echinacea
• Spring applications:
• In plug flat or within 3 weeks after planting plugs
• Actively growing with good root growth
• Single application of 600 ppm or multiple applications of 300 ppm at 2‐wk interval
• Summer/Fall applications:
• As above with multiple applications of 300 to 600 ppm
• Repeat Configure application(s) in Spring
• Spring applications:
• In plug flat or within 3 weeks after planting plugs
• Actively growing with good root growth
• Single application of 600 ppm or multiple applications of 300 ppm at 2‐wk interval
• Summer/Fall applications:
• As above with multiple applications of 300 to 600 ppm
• Repeat Configure application(s) in Spring
Augeo on Echinacea ‘Sombrero Hot Pink’
• 800 and 1600 ppm Augeo increased branching; 8 WAT
• Control 6.0 vs. 1600 ppm 9.5 branches (fewer flowers)
• 800 and 1600 ppm Augeo increased branching; 8 WAT
• Control 6.0 vs. 1600 ppm 9.5 branches (fewer flowers)
400 ppmControl 800 ppm 1600 ppm 3200 ppm
10
Echinacea ‘Ruby Star’
Topflor <45 ppm
Multiple appl of 20 to 25 ppm
Topflor <45 ppm
Multiple appl of 20 to 25 ppm
Control Topflor22 ppm x2
Topflor22 ppm
Topflor45 ppm
Echinacea PGR RecsEchinacea PGR Recs Sumagic/Concise: 15 to 30 ppm; 1 ppm drench
Piccolo/Piccolo 10 XC/Bonzi/Paczol/Downsize: 30 to 40 ppm sprays; 6 ppm drench
B‐Nine/Dazide: 5000 ppm, multiple appl
B‐Nine/Dazide –Citadel/Cycocel: 5000/1500 ppm
Topflor: 25 ppm
Abide/A‐Rest: 30 ppm
Configure: 300 to 600 ppm (multiple)
Augeo (finish only): 800 ppm
Sumagic/Concise: 15 to 30 ppm; 1 ppm drench
Piccolo/Piccolo 10 XC/Bonzi/Paczol/Downsize: 30 to 40 ppm sprays; 6 ppm drench
B‐Nine/Dazide: 5000 ppm, multiple appl
B‐Nine/Dazide –Citadel/Cycocel: 5000/1500 ppm
Topflor: 25 ppm
Abide/A‐Rest: 30 ppm
Configure: 300 to 600 ppm (multiple)
Augeo (finish only): 800 ppm
Coreopsis grandiflora ‘Sunray’
Paclobutrazol 80+ppm, multiple applications
Concise/Sumagic 40 to 60 ppm, cv dependant
B‐Nine/Dazide 5000 ppm; Tank Mix also effective
Paclobutrazol 80+ppm, multiple applications
Concise/Sumagic 40 to 60 ppm, cv dependant
B‐Nine/Dazide 5000 ppm; Tank Mix also effective
Control Bonzi200 ppm
B‐Nine5000 ppm
Bonzi100 ppm
Coreopsis ‘Sweet Dreams’
Paczol liner dip, 4 WAT
“Dry” plugs, 2 min
Paczol liner dip, 4 WAT
“Dry” plugs, 2 min
Control 2 ppm 4 ppm
Coreopsis ‘Sweet Dreams’
Piccolo 10XC; Quadratic reductions in height and width with increasing rate
Piccolo 10XC; Quadratic reductions in height and width with increasing rate
2 ppm liner dip
1 ppm liner dip
4 ppm liner dip
8 ppm liner dip
Control
2 WAT
Coreopsis ‘Sweet Dreams’
Piccolo 10 XC; Height NS; width reduced higher rates No treatment effect on days to flower Piccolo 10 XC; Height NS; width reduced higher rates No treatment effect on days to flower
2 ppm liner dip
1 ppm liner dip
4 ppm liner dip
8 ppm liner dip
Control
4 WAT
11
Configure on Coreopsis‘American Dreams’
Battlefield Farms
Configure on Coreopsis‘American Dreams’
Battlefield Farms
Control 300 ppm 600 ppm
Hemerocallis ‘Hyperion’Hemerocallis ‘Hyperion’
Bonzi sprays, 4 WAT, little control Bonzi sprays, 4 WAT, little control
Control 45 ppm 180 ppm90 ppm
Hemerocallis ‘Hyperion’Hemerocallis ‘Hyperion’
Bonzi drenches, 4 WAT, moderate control Bonzi drenches, 4 WAT, moderate control
Control 2 ppm 8 ppm4 ppm
‘Hyperion’ Daylily – Drench vs. Spray‘Hyperion’ Daylily – Drench vs. Spray
Bonzi Drenches2, 4, 8 ppm
Control Bonzi Sprays45, 90, 180 ppm
9 WAT
Hibiscus moscheutos ‘Grenache’Hibiscus moscheutos ‘Grenache’
6 WAT, Sumagic saturated response between 0.5 and 1.0 ppm drench (10 fl.oz.per pot)
6 WAT, Sumagic saturated response between 0.5 and 1.0 ppm drench (10 fl.oz.per pot)
Control 0.5 ppmDrench
1.0 ppmDrench
1.5 ppmDrench
20 ppmSpray
Monarda didyma Jacob Cline’Monarda didyma Jacob Cline’
Control 30ppm 1x
15 ppm2x
15 ppm1x
Sumagic, multiple applications, 4 WAT Sumagic, multiple applications, 4 WAT
12
Monarda ‘Jacob Cline’Monarda ‘Jacob Cline’
Topflor foliar spray, 4 WAT Topflor foliar spray, 4 WAT
Control 60 ppm30 ppm 45 ppm15 ppm
Monarda PGR RecsMonarda PGR Recs
Cultivar differences
B‐Nine/Dazide multiple appl 5000 ppm
Concise/Sumagic 15 to 30 ppm
Little response to paclobutrazol
Topflor <30 ppm
Cultivar differences
B‐Nine/Dazide multiple appl 5000 ppm
Concise/Sumagic 15 to 30 ppm
Little response to paclobutrazol
Topflor <30 ppm
Penstemon digitalis ‘Husker Red’Penstemon digitalis ‘Husker Red’
Concise reduced height, width, and shoot dry weightConcise reduced height, width, and shoot dry weight
Control 10 ppmSpray
20 ppmSpray
0.5 ppmDrench
1 ppmDrench
4 WAT
Penstemon ‘Laura’Penstemon ‘Laura’
4 ppm liner dip
2 ppm liner dip
8 ppm liner dip
16 ppm liner dip
Control
2 WAT
Piccolo 10 XC Piccolo 10 XC
4 ppm liner dip
2 ppm liner dip
8 ppm liner dip
16 ppm liner dip
Control
4 WAT
Penstemon ‘Laura’Penstemon ‘Laura’
Piccolo 10 XC Piccolo 10 XC
Penstemon PGR RecsPenstemon PGR Recs
Concise/Sumagic: 5 to 10 ppm sprays; <<0.5 ppm drench
Piccolo/Piccolo 10 XC/Bonzi/Paczol: 25 to 30 ppm sprays; 8 to 16 ppm liner dips
B‐Nine/Dazide: 5000 ppm, multiple appl
Tank Mix: B‐Nine/Dazide + Citadel/Cycocel: 5000 + 1500 ppm
Topflor: unknown, test 20 to 30 ppm sprays
Configure: 600 ppm
Concise/Sumagic: 5 to 10 ppm sprays; <<0.5 ppm drench
Piccolo/Piccolo 10 XC/Bonzi/Paczol: 25 to 30 ppm sprays; 8 to 16 ppm liner dips
B‐Nine/Dazide: 5000 ppm, multiple appl
Tank Mix: B‐Nine/Dazide + Citadel/Cycocel: 5000 + 1500 ppm
Topflor: unknown, test 20 to 30 ppm sprays
Configure: 600 ppm
13
Phlox subulata ‘Apple Blossom’Phlox subulata ‘Apple Blossom’
Piccolo gave moderate control of plant width at 6 WAT
Piccolo gave moderate control of plant width at 6 WAT
Control 40 ppm 80 ppm 160 ppm120 ppm
Phlox paniculata ‘David’Phlox paniculata ‘David’
Concise liner dips on hard to control crops
“Dry” plugs, 2 min.
6 WAT
Concise liner dips on hard to control crops
“Dry” plugs, 2 min.
6 WAT
Control 1 ppm 2 ppm 3 ppm 4 ppm 5 ppm
Augeo on Phlox paniculata ‘Laura’
• 1600 ppm increased branching at 4 WAT
• Control 13.3 vs. 1600 ppm 26.8 branches
• No phyto but 3200 ppm stunted plants
• 1600 ppm increased branching at 4 WAT
• Control 13.3 vs. 1600 ppm 26.8 branches
• No phyto but 3200 ppm stunted plants
400 ppmControl 800 ppm 1600 ppm 3200 ppm
Configure on Phlox ‘Laura’Configure on Phlox ‘Laura’
Configure increased branching, 6 WAT
Control 15.7 vs. 600 ppm 21.0 breaks
Configure increased branching, 6 WAT
Control 15.7 vs. 600 ppm 21.0 breaks
Control 600 ppm
Concise on Rudbeckia ‘Goldsturm’Concise on Rudbeckia ‘Goldsturm’
Control 30ppm 45ppm 60ppm15ppm
Spray 4 WAT
Control 0.5ppm 1.0ppm 1.5ppm 2.0ppm
Drench 4 WAT
Control 1 ppm 2 ppm 3 ppm 4 ppm 5 ppm
Liner Dip 6 WAT
Concise on Rudbeckia ‘Goldsturm’
Control 0.5ppm 1.0ppm 1.5ppm 2.0ppm
Drench 4 WAT
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Salvia leucanthaSalvia leucantha
Linear height response to increasing rates Linear height response to increasing rates
Control 60 ppm45 ppm30 ppm15 ppm
Sumagic
Salvia ‘Indigo Spires’Salvia ‘Indigo Spires’
Sumagic15 ppm
Control Sumagic30 ppm
Sumagic45 ppm
Sumagic60 ppm
Sumagic moderate control at 45 to 60 ppm, 2 WAT; persisted through 4 WAT
Sumagic moderate control at 45 to 60 ppm, 2 WAT; persisted through 4 WAT
Salvia PGR Recs
B‐Nine/Dazide at 5000 ppm, multiple applications
B‐Nine/Dazide – Citadel/Cycocel Tank Mix, good response
Piccolo/Piccolo 10 XC/Bonzi/Paczol: 60 to 80 ppm, multiple applications
Concise/Sumagic: 15 to 30 ppm
Topflor: 45 ppm
B‐Nine/Dazide at 5000 ppm, multiple applications
B‐Nine/Dazide – Citadel/Cycocel Tank Mix, good response
Piccolo/Piccolo 10 XC/Bonzi/Paczol: 60 to 80 ppm, multiple applications
Concise/Sumagic: 15 to 30 ppm
Topflor: 45 ppm
Sedum ‘Autumn Joy’
Bonzi, 4 WAT, good control with higher rates Bonzi, 4 WAT, good control with higher rates
Control Bonzi40 ppm
Bonzi80 ppm
Bonzi120 ppm
Bonzi160 ppm
Control 75 ppm1x
37 ppm2x
37 ppm1x
Sedum ‘Autumn Joy’Sedum ‘Autumn Joy’
Topflor, multiple applications Topflor, multiple applications
Bonzi
Sumagic
Topflor
•Sedum ‘Matrona’
•6 WAT•Width control
•NR to
B‐Nine or tank mix
0 40
0
0
120
120 16080
15 30 45 60
30 60 90
15
Veronica ‘Icicle’ – 4 WATVeronica ‘Icicle’ – 4 WAT
Drench 2 ppm
Spray 80 ppmPic 10XCBonzi
Veronica repens ‘Sunshine’Veronica repens ‘Sunshine’
Piccolo, 6 WAT, excessive control Piccolo, 6 WAT, excessive control
Control 40 ppm 80 ppm 160 ppm120 ppm
RecordkeepingRecordkeeping
• Keep untreated plants as controls
• Note PGR, rates, and volumes
• Note growth stages and development, cultural details
• Note weather conditions at and after application
• Record assessment of effect of the treatment
• Keep untreated plants as controls
• Note PGR, rates, and volumes
• Note growth stages and development, cultural details
• Note weather conditions at and after application
• Record assessment of effect of the treatment
Successful PGR UseSuccessful PGR Use
Learn about PGRs Plan to use PGRs Do your own research and testing; leave untreated
plants PGRs are tools just like fertilizer and water Know your plant materials Adjust rates and timing to environmental conditions
and your own cultural practices Practice using PGRs Use proper rate and volume; check your math
Read the label Pay close attention to equipment to apply proper volume Keep records to refine your skill/art
Learn about PGRs Plan to use PGRs Do your own research and testing; leave untreated
plants PGRs are tools just like fertilizer and water Know your plant materials Adjust rates and timing to environmental conditions
and your own cultural practices Practice using PGRs Use proper rate and volume; check your math
Read the label Pay close attention to equipment to apply proper volume Keep records to refine your skill/art
Benefits of Using PGRsBenefits of Using PGRs
• Grower using PGRs:
• Less space used per plant (↓ cost of prod)• Have less shrinkage (↓ production losses)• Have longer shelf life (production and retail)
• Can meet shipping height requirements
• Can ship more plants per load
• Plant height impacts perceived quality
• PGRs: higher quality and most saleable
• Grower using PGRs:
• Less space used per plant (↓ cost of prod)• Have less shrinkage (↓ production losses)• Have longer shelf life (production and retail)
• Can meet shipping height requirements
• Can ship more plants per load
• Plant height impacts perceived quality
• PGRs: higher quality and most saleable
PGRMIX MASTERPGRMIX MASTER
Univ. New Hampshire & Fine Americas, Inc.
Apple Store for iPad & iPhone
Android Market for Android
Blackberry version at UNH site
http://extension.unh.edu/Agric/AGGHFL/PGRMixMasterHome.htm
Univ. New Hampshire & Fine Americas, Inc.
Apple Store for iPad & iPhone
Android Market for Android
Blackberry version at UNH site
http://extension.unh.edu/Agric/AGGHFL/PGRMixMasterHome.htm
16
PGR Rates for PerennialsPGR Rates for Perennials
Sponsored by Fine Americas, Inc.
Insert in March 2012 GrowerTalks
Sponsored by Fine Americas, Inc.
Insert in March 2012 GrowerTalks
• Product labels and use guides, such as from Fine Americas: www.fine‐americas.com/Content/prodL.asp?id=85
• Virginia Tech: http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430‐103/430‐103.html
• Virginia Tech PGR rates for perennials (searchable database): http://www.hort.vt.edu/floriculture
• Univ Maryland IPM http://www.ipmnet.umd.edu/greenhouse/grnhs_pubs.htm
• North Carolina State University: www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/floriculture/crop/crop_PGR.htm
• Michigan State University: www.flor.hrt.msu.edu/pgrs
• University of New Hampshire Floriculture Calculators http://extension.unh.edu/Agric/AGGHFL/PGRMixMasterHome.htm
For More PGR InformationFor More PGR Information
For More Information:For More Information:
Joyce Latimer540‐231‐7906
http://www.hort.vt.edu/floriculture
Joyce Latimer540‐231‐7906
http://www.hort.vt.edu/floriculture
April 17, 2012