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USING PARALLEL CORPORA TO STUDY THE TRANSLATION OF LEGAL SYSTEM-BOUND TERMS: THE CASE OF NAMES OF ENGLISH AND SPANISH COURTS
M a r í a D e l M a r S á n c h ez ( U n i ve rs i t y o f A l ca l á , S p a i n )
F ra n c i s co V i g i e r M o re n o ( U n i ve rs i t y Pa b l o d e O l av i d e , S p a i n )
E l e n a A l ca l d e Pe ñ a l ve r ( U n i ve rs i t y o f A l ca l á , S p a i n )
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ContentsCorpora and Research in Legal Translation
Objectives of Our Study
Design of Our Bilingual Parallel Corpus
Results Obtained from Corpus Analysis
Conclusion and Future Research
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Corpora and Research in Legal Translation Corpus-based approaches have revolutionized TS → empirical study of many translation-relatedelements
Limited use of corpora in legal translation, but steadily gaining ground (Monzó, 2008; Scott, 2012;Biel, 2014; Pontrandolfo, 2015; Sánchez Ramos & Vigier Moreno, 2015)
Parallel corpora → bilingual lexicography and terminography
System-specificity of law in LT → legal asymmetry and conceptual-terminological incongruity → legalsystem-bound terms → translation technique + skopos + comparative law exercise
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Objectives of Our Study Translation of legal system-bound terms (Spanish English) objectively, systematically and on thelight of authentic data (Biel, 2010: 2).
Scarcity of legal parallel corpora or unavailability of the few ones built in this language pair
Compilation of an ad-hoc, parallel corpus
CJEU Judgments in English and Spanish
Reliable bi-texts and presence of legal system-bound terms (court names) and their translations
Criminal court names:
o Magistrates’ Court, Crown Court, High Court (of Justice), Court of Appeal and Supreme Court (England and Wales)
o Juzgado de Paz, Juzgado de (Primera Instancia e) Instrucción, Juzgado de lo Penal, Audiencia Provincial, Tribunal Superior de Justicia, Audiencia Nacional and Tribunal Supremo (Spain)
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Design of Our Bilingual Parallel Corpus
Parallel Corpora and Translation Studies (Baker, 1995; Blum-Kulka, 2004; Calzada
Pérez, 2017)
How to desing our corpus?
DOCUMENTATION → Design criteria
COMPILATION → Dowloading, organizing and aligning texts
ANALYSIS
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Design of Our Bilingual Parallel Corpus DOCUMENTATION → Design criteria (Bowker & Pearson, 2002)
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DESIGN CRITERIA
Purpose Translation of legal system-bound terms in judgmentsissued by the CJEU
Size Not a huge corpus (Biel, 2010; Scott, 2012)
Medium Written texts
Topic and text type Legal (CJEU judgments)
Authorship CJEU
Publication date 1990-2014
Languages English and Spanish
http://curia.europa.eu/jcms/
Design of Our Bilingual Parallel Corpus COMPILATION
Html and pdf files
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Design of Our Bilingual Parallel Corpus COMPILATION
Html and pdf files
Files management
Two subcorpora (EN, ES)
Institution (Court) folders
EN
ES
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→
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Design of Our Bilingual Parallel Corpus COMPILATION
Html and pdf files
Files management
Files format (.txt)
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Files Tokens Types
EN 127 844898 13121
ES 127 938276 20262
English Courts Parallel sub-corpus
Files Tokens Types
EN 145 767661 12259
ES 145 832945 18108
Spanish Courts Parallel sub-corpus
Design of Our Bilingual Parallel Corpus COMPILATION
Html and pdf files
Files management
Files format (.txt)
Aligment: sentence level
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Design of Our BilingualParallel Corpus
COMPILATION Aligment: sentence level (1:1) Intertext: a free open-source program developed by
Vondřička (2014) .tmx
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Design of Our Bilingual Parallel Corpus Compilation
Html and pdf files
Files management
Files format (.txt)
Aligment: sentence level
English Courts Parallel sub-corpus: 127 aligned judgments, 16012 alingned sentence pairs
Spanish Courts Parallel sub-corpus: 145 aligned judgments, 13971 aligned sentence pairs
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Design of OurBilingual Parallel Corpus ANALYSIS .tmx imported into SDL Trados
Studio WinAlign
ResultsANALYSIS FRAMEWORK
Search of the selected terms and their translations in our translation memories
Identification of the translation technique used to convey the term in the target language
Borrowing, literal translation, description, amplification and adaptation
Analysis of other grammatical, syntactic and stylistic features
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MAGISTRATES’ COURT
Preceded by article la, the Spanish term for court [juzgado] being a masculine noun
Ambiguous reference to the place name where the court sits (e.g., “la Nottingham Magistrates’ Court” and “la Reading and Sonning Magistrates’ Court”).
Inconsistent use of the apostrophe (“la Richmond Magistrates’ Court” vs “la Richmond Magistrates Court”)
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CROWN COURT
Preceded by article la or las
Inconsistent reference to the place name where the court sits (e.g., “la Manchester Crown Court”, “Crown CourtLeeds”, “la Crown Court de Maidstone” and “la Crown Court, Bolton”), probably influenced by heterogeneity in source texts
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AUDIENCIA PROVINCIAL
Ambiguous amplifications (“Salamanca Regional High Court”), which may mislead the reader when back-translated
Place name treated as part of the noun of the court (“the Audiencia Provincial de Castellón”)
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AUDIENCIA NACIONAL
Inconsistency in amplification: 11 times followed by “National High Court” and 9 times followed by “Spain”
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Conclusions and Future Research Ad-hoc parallel corpora → useful tool for the study of the translation of legal system-bound terms (froma qualitative and quantitative approach)
Translation of court names in CJEU judgements ES-EN
Overwhelming prevalence of borrowings over other translation techniques (95% of occurrences) → surprisingresult given the binding nature of CJEU decisions for all EU Member States
Inconsistency in amplifications and in their syntactic and stylistic treatment
Contravention of two principles for the translation of court names: informative value and accuracy (Goscinki, 2005)
Further uses of our corpus → use of phraseology in CJEU judgments, diachronic study on translationeseand follow-up study on the translation of court names with a greater number of language pairs
Training purposes (Sánchez and Vigier, 2015)
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Elena Alcalde Peñ[email protected]@Elena_Alcalde
María del Mar Sánchez [email protected]@delmartrad
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Using Parallel Corpora to Study the Translation of Legal System-bound Terms: the Case of Names of English and Spanish Courts
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