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Using Co-creation to stimulate transition for implementing NBS:
Shared governance, spatial challenges and environmental policies.
05 June 2019
THINKNATURE Webinar#4- Governance Models for NBS: Policies, Strategies and Decision Making Mechanisms
ISRAA MAHMOUD and EUGENIO MORELLOUrban Simulation Lab (Laboratorio di Simulazione Urbana Fausto Curti)
CLEVER Cities Project - DASTU, Politecnico of Milan. Milan, Italy
www.clevercities.eu
1. Introduction to Co-Creation and explanation of CLEVER Cities Guidance
framework theoretical and practical toolkit.
2. Examples from NBS implementation in 3 FR cities on their action labs
3. Governance models and lessons learned towards transition.
4. Spatial challenges and Stakeholders multiplicity to catalyze decision-making
mechanisms.
Points of agenda:
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#NBS Cooperation
MANIFESTO
Source: https://platform.think-nature.eu/nbs-
manifesto
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CLEVER Cities is a project that experiments Nature–based
Solutions (NBS) and green infrastructure in the south of Milan,
aiming to spread them out over the city.
• We will build NBS with citizens, in neighborhoods, in buildings
and infrastructure. We want to be the voice that shows NBS
feasibility and efficiency and we want the be the driver that
multiplies NBS in Milan and beyond.
CLEVER CitiesCo-designing Locally tailored Ecological solutions
for Value-addEd urban Regeneration
CALL HORIZON 2020 SCC-2 2017 Demonstrating innovative nature-based solutions in cities
June 2018 – June 2023 - Budget 15 ml Euro
EUROPEAN UNION
London
Milan
Madrid
Malmö
Belgrade
Hamburg
Larissa
This project has received funding from the European
Union’s Horizon 2020 Innovation action programme
under grant agreement no. 776604.
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A guidance for cities to accompany the process towards a successful implementation of NBS in a shared governance and inclusive way.
Co-creation defined in action of :
• Establishment of the UIP*
• Co-design
• Co-implementation
• Co-monitoring
• Co-development
CLEVER Cities Guidance on Co-Creating Nature-based Solutions
PART I: The Framework and the Pathway
CAL
*Urban Innovation Partnership (UIP) and CLEVER Action Labs (CALs)
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This part is composed by three Chapters:
1- Co-creation for the successful implementation of nature-based
solutions • what is co-creation ? What are Co-creation principles?
• Co-creation of NBS, what does it mean? Taxonomies, policies, challenges and
urban regeneration processes.
2- Understanding the Co-benefits of NBS • Definition of co-benefits, impact framework, etc.
3- Stakeholder engagement at all levels of implementation• Importance of mapping and engaging stakeholders in co-creation
• How to do it: identifying, analysing, mapping, prioritising, and engaging.
• Monitoring and evaluating stakeholder mapping & engagement.
CLEVER Cities Guidance on Co-Creating Nature-based Solutions
PART I: The Scientific Framework and Stakeholders Engagement
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7
CLEVER Cities Guidance on
Co-Creating Nature-based Solutions
Co-Creation Pathway
16 steps are envisioned
to support cities to
accomplish successful
implementation of NBS.
Each city has its own geography,
geology, climate conditions, as well
as social, economic and cultural
structures.
Hence, the content is merely flexible
to be translated and transferred in
each city local setting.
Optional
Step/tool Recommended
Step/tool Fundamental
Step/tool
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CLEVER Cities Guidance on Co-Creating Nature-based Solutions
PART II: The Co-creation Pathway in 16 steps
Each phase encompasses a number of steps to be realised
• Each step is composed by one or more activities, which can be flexibly adjusted by each city, depending on their local contexts.
• Each step contains a series of tools that you can use accordingly with provided templates to write down your output reports for each phase.
For each Step it is important to achieve an outcome.
Optional
Step/tool Recommended
Step/tool Fundamental
Step/tool
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The guidance website
https://clevercitiesguidance.wordpress.com/
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Complete Co-Creation :
• Togetherness: there is equal collaboration between all internal and/or external parties.
• End-users: they play a central role to complete the overall process.
• Ongoing: The process is ongoing and participative in every phase.
• Productive: it leads to implementation of the co-created solution.
• Transparent: relevant information is accessible to all.
• Supported: supported by all stakeholders.
• Value-driven: results in value creation for end-users and involved parties.
Co-Creation: Definition and PrinciplesWhat is Co-Creation?
Co-creation arose from the business world as ‘the practice of collaborative product or service development: where developers and stakeholders are working together’ (Pater, 2009).However, the evolution of Co-creation in urban planning policies from a user-centred approach to a co-creative designing approach changed in the practice as well as a ‘common framework’ to integrate the co-production of knowledge with the co-design of the research based on implementation phase outcomes
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NBS Co-BenefitsFour main macro categories :
1- Human Health and Well-being
2- Sustainable Economic Prosperity
3- Social Cohesion and Environmental justice
4- Citizen safety and security
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In Milan, specifically on the local cluster scale; we can identify few lessons learned from co-creation pathway implementation:
1. Co-Creation brings together different knowledge and capabilities
2. Co-Creation is expressed through collective governance
3. Co-Creation brings Co-benefits and future spin-offs in shared results
Could Co-Creation process be a catalyst for NBS?
Learning from experimentation and co-planning = implementing the framework – PART I
Learning from Implementation = putting Pathway into practice – PART II
Nature-based Solutions: could be challenging to get implemented in specific place-based urban regeneration projects.
1. NBS in Urban Regeneration should be oriented towards addressing community needs
2. Co-benefits of Nature-based Solutions are fundamental driver on a multi-functionality scale
3. Embedding NBS into city’s strategic planning is crucial to bring on board all actors and a larger pool of local stakeholders involvement and collaboration.
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Front-runner cities’ intervention sites
Hamburg Neugraben-Fischbek
13CLEVER Cities
CAL CLEVER Corridor Green Roofs & Facades Schools
City components
corridor spot node, spot
Scale City Buildings Schools
Intervention área (km2)
22.5 N.N. N.N.
Population covered (inh)
29 877 N.N. N.N.
CLEVER funds
315 000 205 000 215 000
Budget & funding source
RISA, Hamburg Climate Plan, Hamburg Wasser,
Foundations, private Stakeholders
green roof funding programme, Hamburg
sewage Act, Real estate owners, Hamburg
Wasser
schools, foundations, green roof funding for
schools, maybe Hamburg Wasser
NBS
Pilot project on one part of the East-West walking/cycling path Urban gardening and redesign of green spaces along the corridor
Temporary use of green spacesGreen roofs and facades along the corridor (CAL 2)
School projects (CAL 3)Development of a CLEVER Cities Logo for Neugraben Fischbek and creating
CLEVER Cities identity
ToC process Large UIP event in October 2018
Other meetings
Project meetings with citizen;
Project meetings with other stakeholders relevan
Real estate owners and developers have been
contacted and bilateral meetings
CLEVER Cities meetings with all 3 school
directors
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Front-runner cities’ intervention sitesMilano Lorenteggio/ Navigli
14CLEVER Cities
CAL Green Roofs & Walls Giambellino Station & Noise Barriers
Starting date Campaign: February 2019; Pilot projects: January 2020
April 2019 April 2019- November 2019 cluster technical working group (until July 2019) and public co-design (September – November 2019)
Finishing date
Campaign: September 2019;Pilot projects: June 2020
June 2019 (The end of co-design could be postponed until September 2019)
November 2019
Background Resilience strategyLand use plan Building code
Yes, community gardens experiences in the areaLorenteggio Rehab Social Empowerment Lab Supports Co-Creation
Yes, 2017 public discussion on RailCorp CDM Planning Agreement
Constrains / Determining factors
no Yes, Land Restoration program (It's independent to the co-design and it limits all the project)
Co-design of railway station NBS is limited by timing of procurement process.
Stakeholders involved
Campaign: • Division of the municipality, such as Resilience, Communication, Green and territory, • Building associations, green services associations, environmental associations, professional order, • Associations of the apartment block administrators, • Training institutions, • Media networks
Local UIP cluster, technical offices of municipality involved in Lorenteggiorehabilitation plan.
Local cluster for the whole design, local residents for noise barriers’ test, + commuting community for train stop design.
Specific budget
Staff of the Municipality of Milan Expertise supplied by CLEVER Cities Partners: Ambiente Italia, Eliante, WWF, Politecnico of Milan
Resources of the Commune of Milan involved in Lorenteggio public space design
Clever RFI and Italferr personnel cost + consultancy from Clever partners.
Risks Missing involvement of key-stakeholders.
Limits: Predict a public return facing conflicts on general Rehab Plan
Lack of inclusion of the local community because of legislative and construction standards.
Innovation element
New way of communicating benefits of green roofs based on their multi-functionality
Advanced greening solution with community management
Innovative NBS design on infrastructure of railways.
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Front-runner cities’ intervention sites
15CLEVER Cities
CALConnecting people and
placesActivating Southmere Lake Greening Unsusal Spaces
Starting date xxx xxx xxx
Finishing date xxx xxx xxx
BackgroundGroundwork London will be leading on co-design and have over 30 years’ experience of facilitating inclusive participatory engagement and co-design processes, engaging a wide range of stakeholders to raise aspirations, develop/ implement designs that meet the needs/priorities of local communities, are sympathetic to the local context and result in high quality design solutions that have a high level of legitimacy/ support, are fit for purpose and sustainable.
Constrains / Determining factors
Co-design solutions are being developed within the overall context of large scale, long term regeneration across the Thamesmead Estate. Wider regeneration provides the context and we will frame the co-design of NBS solutions to synergise with and add value the wider regeneration.
Stakeholders involved
The co-design process will be guided by the UIP. We are working with and through local community structures in order to embed the co-design process locally and are reaching out/ involving residents and key stakeholder groups from the voluntary, statutory and private sectors (for a more detailed breakdown of stakeholders, please see the stakeholder list).
Specific budget Pls check budget
Risks Did you experience (or predict) any risk related to (co- design) process (lack of coordination, lack of involvement of stakeholders, lack or capacities…)? Low participation; consultation fatigue; lack of trust; lack of interest from residents; We are carrying out a detailed risk assessment for each of the CALs and are identifying strategies how to mitigate/ overcome potential risks. We have created, and will regularly update, a risk and issues log to record and address risk as the projects evolve.
Innovation elementWhat are the innovative elements contemplated on the NBS (co-) design? Range of innovative engagement methods will ensure that we are effectively engaging the different audiences, building community capacity and maximising reach and engagement. We will utilise a range of on and offline engagement tools and test their effectiveness in order to clearly evidence which elements of co-design and working well and why.
London, Thamesmead
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The co-creation process that provides the setting up of the Urban Innovation Partnership (UIP) (that works at the city level), and three specific CLEVER
Action Labs (CAL) focused on:
1- Urban Innovation Partnership launch, November 2018.
2- Road Mapping CLEVER Action Labs (CALs), October 2018 – December 2018, … and ongoing till June 2019.
3- Stakeholders mapping matrix and Constellation of local context strategic planning framework.
An application: Milano as a test-bed for Co-Creation methodologyLaunching CLEVER Action Labs
Figures: from left: UIP Launch, Road-maps and timeline planners for Milan CAL1 (green roofs). CLEVER Cities constellation within the city of Milano strategic context and stakeholder mapping matrix Source: the authors, CLEVER Cities local Cluster - Workshop 29 October 2018, Fondazione del Politecnico di Milano
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BOTTLENECKS in NBS co-creation (1) Spatial Challenges
• NBS should not be considered as stand alone new interventions, but also as tools to properly maintain existing green, grey and blue infrastructures.
• It is essential to balance trade-offs while delivering multiple NBS and applying targeted participation programmes to engage vulnerable residents.
• The variety of NBS typologies, extension and localization criteria, makes the overall spatial challenge hard to deal with generally valid rules.
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BOTTLENECKS in NBS co-creation (2) Shared Governance Challenges
• The road to integration of NBS in planning tools and adopting planning laws and update procedures and tenders of public works to support NBS proliferation is still long.
• As well as the political support to rely on citizen-led initiatives to realize NBS in order to overcome the short-term political decision-making cycles (Schmalzbauer, 2018). While NBS are relevant for various departments in parallel, that requires clear responsibilities and coordination across offices and overcoming knowledge gaps on NBS design features.
• Moreover, co-creation expertise needs to be internalized in public administration and become the common rule of decision-making concerning urban regeneration interventions.
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BOTTLENECKS in NBS co-creation (3) Financial Challenges
• The implementation and mainstreaming of NBS to address challenges is highly influenced both on the value and the ways in which the investment is secured and could be maintained over the long-term (Perrin, 2018a, 2018b)
• However, attracting private actors and demonstrating the return of investment of adaptation measures remains a big challenge.
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Thank you!
ISRAA MAHMOUDPhD, Urban Regeneration and Economic Development.
Research Principal in CLEVER Cities Project. DASTU, POLIMI.
