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T.DelCurto,MontanaStateUniversity June20,2019
2019BIFSymposium,EmergingTechnologies,Brookings,S.D. 1
Using “New Technologies” to Address “Old” Beef Production
Questions
T.DelCurtoProfessor&NancyCameron
ChairRangeBeefCa;leNutriton&
Management
2019BeefImprovementFederaFonMeeFngs
Brookings,SouthDakota
NewTechnologies• GROWSAFEInc.
– Standardintechnologyforevalua3ngindividualanimalintake&intakebehavior
– StandardequipmentatmanyUSDA/LandGrantUniversi3es
• MSUCampus(18beef,8sheep)andMSUNARC(32)– Industryexamples:
• MidlandBullTest(Montana)• SimplotGrandviewFeedlot
NewTechnologies(cont’):• C-LockInc.(SmarMeedSystems;RapidCity,SD)
– Rela3velynewentrytomeasuringfeedintakeandfeedintakebehavior
– Developingequipmentforuniquechallenges/opportuni3es
• MyMontanaStateUniversityexperience– Measureself-fedsupplementintakeinremoteloca3ons– Nopower,nointernet,severeenvironment
• Interestedinprecisionnutri3onandapplica3ontocommercialbeefcaTleproduc3on
BeefCa;leFeedIntake• Wellestablishedinbackgrounding/feederscenarios:
• NotwellestablishedforCow/calfproducWon:– Limitedinforma3onforcowsandevenlessforgrazingcowsonpastureorrangelands
– Previously,researchwasdifficultandcontainednumeroussourcesoferror
StrategicSupplementaFonOpFmizestheUseofLow-QualityForages
• PastResearch
T.DelCurto,MontanaStateUniversity June20,2019
2019BIFSymposium,EmergingTechnologies,Brookings,S.D. 2
CowEfficiency• InwesternproducWonsystems:
• ReproducWonisthe#1cullingcriteria
• Otherfactors:• ProducWon
• %ofbodyweightweaned“..Cowsshouldwean50%oftheirbodyweight..“
IdealCowSize? IdealCowSize?RecentPopularPressPublicaFons:! UniversityofWyoming! NorthDakotaStateUniversity! PastpublicaWons
*Implythatsmallercowsaremoreefficientthanlargercows
EnergyrequirementsversusBodySize:- Smalleranimalshavehighermetabolicratesthanlarger
animals.
- Likelyduetofactorssuchas:- Thermo-regulaWonandbodysize- MaintenancefuncWonsrequiredforallanimals,but
proporWonallygreaterforsmallanimals
- EnergyMetabolismandBodySize:- EnergyrequirementsareproporWonaltobodyweightraisedto
the.75power
- ThisisthebasistoexpressingintakeasafuncWonofBW*.75
- VanSoest(NutriFonalEcologyofRuminants)
Land & Forage Resources in the Western US
T.DelCurto,MontanaStateUniversity June20,2019
2019BIFSymposium,EmergingTechnologies,Brookings,S.D. 3
Problem&Jus;fica;on• Useoffall&winterforageswillincrease:
– EconomicalalternaWvetoharvestedforages– Allowsforincreaseduseofrangelandsoutsideofthegrowingseason
– Extendedgrazingseasons(decreasedconfinementfeeding)mayhavephysiologicalbenefits
– BUT,opWmaluseofhigh-fiber,low-quality,forages• Caelewillbeselectedforenvironmental“fit”• NewtechnologieswillassistinrefiningexisWngknowledgeofstrategicsupplementaWon
Current/FutureResearch• StrategicSupplementaWon
- OpWmalnutrientdeliverysystems- OpWmaluseofLow-QualityForages- OpWmaluseofRangelands
WinterGrazingResearchatHavre-Winterof2016/2017and2017/2018
" InfluenceofSupplementIntakeandCowAgeonGrazingBehaviorandRangelandUsePaeerns" SamWyffels,JanBowman,LanceMcNew,DarrinBoss,CoryParsons,JuliaDafoe,AlysonHicks-Lynch,andTimDelCurto" VegetaWon:producWonandcoverbyspecies,foragequality,robelstructureesWmates
" Soilorganicmaeer,temperaturemaps(GISLayers)
FeedingBoutData• 45d(yr1)&60d(yr2):
– 42,472visitsyr1&65,873yr2
• CowEIDread• Timeofday• Entryandexitarerecorded
• CoupledwithweatherstaWonandGPScollardata
– AvgSuppleIntake=2.75lbs(1.25kg)
– 264/272(yr1)and302/306(yr2)cowswererecorded
Figure1.TheinfluenceofcowageonsupplementintakeandvariaFoninintake.Ageclass1=yearlingheifers,ageclass2=2&3yrcows,ageclass3=4&5yrcows,ageclass4=6&7yrcows,ageclass5=8&9yrcows,andageclass6=10&older(Wyffelsetal.,2018).
Year1=2016/2017 Year2=2017/2018
Figure2.Theinfluenceofenvironmentandcowageonsupplementintakebehavior.Best-Fitmodelinvolvedmeandailytemperatureandcowage(Wyffelsetal.,2018).
T.DelCurto,MontanaStateUniversity June20,2019
2019BIFSymposium,EmergingTechnologies,Brookings,S.D. 4
Goals&Objec;ves
II. MatchingBeefCa;leProducFontoWesternRangelandEnvironments
1. InfluenceofMatureCowWeaningWeightRaWosand
CowSizeonIntakeandGrazingBehavior
-AlysonWilliamsMSProgram 2. AbilityofYearlingHeiferResidualFeedIntake(RFI)
EsWmatestoPredictCowProducWvity,FeedIntakeandGrazingBehavior
-CoryParsonsPhDProgram
CowSize&WeaningWtRa;o
Transl.Anim.Sci.2018.2:S79–S83doi:10.1093/tas/txy044Transl.Anim.Sci.2018.2:S84–S88doi:10.1093/tas/txy045
Current/FutureResearch• StrategicSupplementaWon
- OpWmalnutrientdeliverysystems- OpWmaluseofLow-QualityForages- OpWmaluseofRangelands
2. SaltLimitedSupplementIntake:ImpactsofSaltLevel,Frequency,andFormofSupplementonIntake,NutrientDiges;on,andVariabilityofSupplementIntakeinBeefCaSleHayley White MS program
IntakeVariaWonStudy:• Approximately60crossbredheifers• ComparingintakeandintakevariaWonbetween
twoformsofsalt-limitedsupplement,pelletedorloose,usingSmartFeedProTrailer.
• 3TreatmentGroups:1. Control(nosupplement)2. Pelletedform3. Looseform
• HeiferswillbeweighedandbodycondiWonscoredondays0,42,and84.Individualdrymaeersupplementintake,frequencyoffeedevents,andtotalnumberoffeedeventswillbemeasuredforeachheifer.
RedBluffProject• Usenewprototypefeeder• LoteknewprototypeGPSCollars
• OBJECTIVES:– WinterenvironmenteffectsonvegetaWonchange
– Resourceusepaeerns
RedBluffResearch(cont’)• Long-TermEffectsofProteinStatusonWinterGrazingBeefCows
- Treatments 1.non-supplementedcontrolcows 2.1.5kgofAlfalfaPellets 3.3.0kgofAlfalfaPellets
- DESIGN:- 150hdofdrypregnantmaturecows- FeedSupplementslateNovembertomid-February- Threeyearstudy
T.DelCurto,MontanaStateUniversity June20,2019
2019BIFSymposium,EmergingTechnologies,Brookings,S.D. 5
EnvironmentandNutrientRequirements• Mostofthemodelsforenvironment
arebasedon1981NRCPublicaWon
• Mostarefocusedonenergyrequirements• Protein,minerals&vitamins?
• Relatetotemperatureandhaircoat• LimitedinrespecttoprecipitaWon
and/orwindcondiWons• WindChillequivalent?
Valida;onStudyNeeds:1. Howdoes“stockingrate”influencesupplementintakebehavior?2. Howdoessupplementdeliverymethodinfluencesupplementintakebehavior?
• SmartFeedProandSuperSmartFeedsystemsaredifferent3.EffecWvenessoffeederstolimitand/ormorepreciselydeliversupplementsinextensive
environments.
ThankYou!
Ques;ons?
ResearchSupportNancyCameronEndowment
Cow Milking lbofmilk/ lbTDN lbCP
Size Level cow/day Needed Needed
1000 BelowAvg 10 12.4 1.9
1000 Average 20 14.8 2.6
1000 AboveAvg 30 17.2 3.5
1200 BelowAvg 10 13.8 2.1
1200 Average 20 16.2 2.8
1200 AboveAvg 30 18.7 3.5
1400 BelowAvg 10 15.2 2.3
1400 Average 20 17.6 3.0
1400 AboveAvg 30 20.1 3.7
Source:NutrientRequirementsofBeefCa;le;1984,1996&2016.
BeefCa;leNutriFonalRequirements: FinalThoughts:• BeefCa;leEfficiencyisprimarilydefinedbyreproducFon
• OpFmalsizedependsonenvironment• MetricsforEnvironmental“Fit”arelimited