USI O&M HVAC Controls Optimization Workshop fileUNCP ECU UNC-G UNCA WCU. USI O&M HVAC Controls Optimization Workshop Utilities Costs by Campus Educational Buildings Energy End Uses

USI O&M HVAC Controls Optimization WorkshopNorth Carolina State-Owned Facilities Utilities Cost Profile

FY-02 Utilities Use by All State-owned Facilities(total $214M)

Electrical59%

Nat Gas & LP12%

UNC Coal11%

Fuel Oil6%

Water & Sewer12%

USI O&M HVAC Controls Optimization WorkshopUtilities Costs by Department

FY02 Utilities Costs by Department

Transportation

UNC

AdministrationJuvenile

Environment

Other

Agriculture

HealthCorrections

CommercePublic Safety

USI O&M HVAC Controls Optimization WorkshopUtilities Costs by Campus

FY-02 Utilities Costs by Campus

UNC-CH

NCSU

NCSSMNCSA

GA

ECSUWSSU

FSU

UNCC

UNCW

NCA&T

ASU

NCCU

UNCP

ECU

UNC-G

UNCA

WCU

USI O&M HVAC Controls Optimization WorkshopUtilities Costs by Campus

Educational Buildings Energy End Uses(EIA and NREL 2000)

Lighting20%

DHW22%

Misc Eq8%

HVAC50%

USI O&M HVAC Controls Optimization WorkshopUtilities Costs by Agency

FY02 Utilities Costs by Agency

Transportation

Public Safety

Commerce

Corrections

Health

AgricultureOther

Environment

Juvenile

Administration

USI O&M HVAC Controls Optimization WorkshopUtilities Costs by Agency

South Atlantic Commercial Building Site-Energy End Use Intensities [KBTU/SF]

(EIA 1995 data)

Lighting, 22.2, 27%

HVAC, 29.4, 37%

DHW, 9.3, 11%

Misc Eq't, 20.6, 25%

USI O&M HVAC Controls Optimization WorkshopState Buildings Usage Profile

Asset Use Total % of # % all(GSF) Total GSF Bldgs Bldgs

Educational 18,299,844 19.4% 611 5.0%Housing 13,800,138 14.6% 1,068 8.7%Office 11,543,629 12.2% 1,153 9.4%Storage 7,235,953 7.7% 3,128 25.5%Health Services 6,880,523 7.3% 301 2.5%Corrections 6,719,393 7.1% 665 5.4%Assembly 5,507,974 5.8% 187 1.5%Research/Laboratory 3,307,210 3.5% 233 1.9%Library 3,016,577 3.2% 33 0.3%Shop 2,990,317 3.2% 722 5.9%Agricultural 1,997,161 2.1% 450 3.7%Armory 1,847,076 2.0% 102 0.8%Food Service 1,548,260 1.6% 143 1.2%Other 1,377,157 1.5% 285 2.3%Student Union 925,353 1.0% 19 0.2%Retail Sales 923,258 1.0% 179 1.5%Museum 880,357 0.9% 41 0.3%Office/Storage Mixed 807,304 0.9% 76 0.6%Utilities 762,745 0.8% 770 6.3%Historical 699,080 0.7% 148 1.2%Vehicle Storage 543,628 0.6% 190 1.5%Recreational 532,975 0.6% 730 6.0%Animal Housing 499,110 0.5% 143 1.2%Greenhouse 449,271 0.5% 133 1.1%TV Studio/Commun. 297,179 0.3% 132 1.1%Laundry 284,039 0.3% 19 0.2%Wash House/Toilet 226,701 0.2% 400 3.3%Welcome Ctr./Visitor 180,307 0.2% 76 0.6%Religious 159,387 0.2% 50 0.4%Marine Research 102,397 0.1% 6 0.0%Unidentified 80,157 0.1% 19 0.2%Kitchen/Cannery 77,053 0.1% 11 0.1%Weigh Station 14,768 0.0% 38 0.3%Office/Housing Mixed 113 0.0% 1 0.0%All Facilities = 94,516,394 GSF 12,262 FacilitiesFY 02 Utilities cost = $214,000,000 = 2.26$ per GSF

• Initial 25% survey sample included 600 buildings, totaling 24Million GSF

• Estimated potential annual ECO savings of $7Million

• Extrapolates to $26Million potential annual savings if all ECOs are addressed in all State-owned buildings.

• Additional surveys available upon request.• Follow-up verification visits.

USI O&M HVAC Controls Optimization WorkshopO&M Program – ECO Surveys

USI O&M HVAC Controls Optimization WorkshopSurvey Checklist Data from 300 State-owned Buildings

Is weather stripping on windows and doors well maintained to minimize infiltration?

12%

29%59%

No

Some

Yes


Do blinds and shades appear to be adjusted to allow daylight and regect direct solar heat gain?

8%

60%

32%No

Some

Yes


Are fluorescent task lamps present to enable background lighting levels to be reduced?

64%19%

17%

No

Some

Yes


Are occupancy sensor controls present to automatically switch-off lights?

94%

3%

3%

No

Some

Yes


Have incandescent lamps been replaced with self-ballasted fluorescents?

41%

19%

40% No

Some

Yes


Have old 34W fluorescent lamps and old ballasts been replaced with T-8 lamps and electronic ballasts?

67%

14%

19%

No

Some

Yes


Are building exhaust fans switched-off w ith the HVAC systems for unoccupied periods?

52%

2%

46%No

Some

Yes


Are reasonable heating and cooling setpoints maintained?

23%

26%

51%

No

Some

Yes


Are the thermostats routinely calibrated?

12%

0%

88%

No

Some

Yes


Is the supply air discharge temperature automatically raised from 55F to minimize reheat energy consumption (Reheat HVAC systems only)?

35%

4%61%

No

Some

Yes


Has the supply air flow from the air handling unit(s) been reduced to match the load?

44%

5%

51%

No

Some

Yes


Has direct conditioning of unoccupied areas been minimized?

33%

28%

39%NoSomeYes


Has the introduction of outdoor air been minimized to recommended ASHRAE ventilation rates?

37%

5%

58%

No

Some

Yes


Are OA dampers controlled to close during unoccupied periods?

64%0%

36% No

Some

Yes


Are OA dampers controlled to modulate during when the ambient temperature is below 65F?

37%

6%

57%

No

Some

Yes


Are air filters replaced on a regular basis to ensure good airflow?

2%

1%

97%

No

Some

Yes


Are steam or hot water pipes well insulated?

3%

4%

93%

No

Some

Yes


Are steam traps and valving regularly inspected?

6%

4%

90%

No

Some

Yes


Are heat exchanger surfaces regularly cleaned?

3%

0%

97%

No

Some

Yes


If a boiler is present, is the burner tuned on an annual basis?

6%

0%

94%

No

Some

Yes


For cooling towers, has the concentration ratio been increased to "6" to conserve water?

38%

0%

62%

No

Some

Yes


Has a water meter been installed on the cooling tower for a sewer charge credit?

63%0%

37% No

Some

Yes


Are hot water storage tanks, heat exchangers and piping well insulated?

3%

3%

94%

No

Some

Yes


Is a timer used to switch-off the hot water circulating pump for unoccupied periods?

79%

1%

20%

No

Some

Yes


Are low-flow lavatory faucet and showerhead aerators present?

34%

15%

51%

No

Some

Yes


Have flush valves on urinals and water closets been adjusted for the lowest/shortest practical flow?

34%

10%

56%

No

Some

Yes


Is the compressed air system regularly inspected for leaks?

7%

0%

93%

No

Some

Yes


Is cooled air provided to the compressor?

76%

2%

22%

No

Some

Yes


Has the compressor discharge pressure been minimized?

21%

0%

79%

No

Some

Yes


Are PREMIUM efficiency motors regularly purchased?

12%

15%

73%

No

Some

Yes


Are variable frequency drives controlling fans and pumps to enable flow control?

53%

16%

31%No

Some

Yes


Are cogged V-belts utilized?

25%

22%

53%

No

Some

Yes


Has computer software been installed to automatically switch-off monitors?

44%

36%

20%

No

Some

Yes


Have electric-heated defrost cycles been minimized and scheduled for off-peak periods (night)?

58%

0%

42% No

Some

Yes


Has lighting been removed from all vending machines?

69%

10%

21%

No

Some

Yes


Have refrigerated drinking fountains been switched-off?

93%

1%

6%

No

Some

Yes


Are demand-limiting controls present on equipment that may be switched off during peak demand

periods?

80%

0%

20%

No

Some

Yes

USI O&M HVAC Controls Optimization WorkshopEstimated ECO Annual Savings (600 State-owned Buildings)

EstimatedAnnualSavings& Costs:

Envelope & Lighting

ECOs Savings

Envelope & Lighting

ECOs Costs

3 Low-cost HVAC ECOs

Savings

3 Low-cost HVAC ECOsCosts

4 No-costECOs

Savings

In onlythe 600

surveyedbuildings

$3.6M $14.3M $3.4M $1.7M $200K

In all12,300

buildings $13M $53M $12M $6M $700K

USI O&M HVAC Controls Optimization WorkshopEnvironmental Benefits of Energy Conservation

Pounds of Pollutants per Energy Unit

Energy Type& Unit

# CO2per unit

# NOxper unit

# SOxper unit

Electricity(60/40 coal/nuc)

(per 1,000 KWHs)1,240 4 9

Natural Gas(per DecaTherm) 117 0.002 0.0006

Distillate F.O.(per gallon) 22 0.02 0.15

Coal(per ton)

+/- 5,000 15 35

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USI O&M HVAC Controls Optimization Workshop fileUNCP ECU UNC-G UNCA WCU. USI O&M HVAC Controls Optimization Workshop Utilities Costs by Campus Educational Buildings Energy End Uses