Use Report for Phthalic Anhydride (CAS RN 85-44-9)

Use Report for Phthalic Anhydride

(CAS RN 85-44-9)

January 2020

Contains no TSCA CBI

Economic and Policy Analysis Branch

Chemistry, Economics & Sustainable Strategies Division

Office of Pollution, Prevention, and Toxics

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue

Washington, DC 20460

Acknowledgment and Disclaimer

EPA acknowledges the analytical and draft preparation support of Abt Associates Inc. of Cambridge,

Massachusetts, provided under Contract No. EP-W-16-009 in the preparation of this report.

This document provides publicly available information as of the date of this document on the

manufacturing (including importing), processing, distribution in commerce, use, and disposal of

phthalic anhydride and is used to inform decisions regarding conditions of use. The document does

not reflect information received directly from other sources such as manufacturers, processors, etc.,

which has further informed the conditions of use in the draft Scope Document. As such, the uses

described in this document may differ from the conditions of use in the draft Scope Document.

Phthalic Anhydride Use Report Contents ▌pg. i

Phthalic Anhydride Use Report

Table of Contents

Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1-1

Uses and Production Volume ................................................................................................. 2-1

Domestic Manufacture (CDR Data) ............................................................................... 2-1

National Production Volume ............................................................................ 2-2

Manufacturers ................................................................................................... 2-3

Industrial and Consumer/Commercial Use Data .............................................. 2-9

Additional Import Data ................................................................................................. 2-14

Toxic Release Inventory Data ...................................................................................... 2-18

TRI Facilities .................................................................................................. 2-18

Manufacturing Facilities ................................................................................. 2-19

Processing Facilities ....................................................................................... 2-21

Other Uses ...................................................................................................... 2-22

Maximum Quantity of Chemicals on Site ...................................................... 2-22

TRI Waste Managed ....................................................................................... 2-27

TRI Releases to the Environment ................................................................... 2-27

TRI Waste Treatment by Waste Type ............................................................ 2-28

Use Information ............................................................................................................ 2-29

Summary of Uses ............................................................................................ 2-29

Tier 1 Uses of Phthalic Anhydride ................................................................. 2-33

Products Containing Phthalic Anhydride ..................................................................... 2-45

Waste, Disposal, and Recycling ............................................................................................. 3-1

National Emissions Inventory Data ................................................................................ 3-1

RCRA Data ..................................................................................................................... 3-2

References ................................................................................................................................ 4-1

Phthalic Anhydride Use Report Introduction ▌pg. 1-1

Introduction

In December 2019, EPA published a list of 20 chemical substances that have been designated high

priority substances for risk evaluations (84 FR 71924), as required by TSCA § 6(b)(2)(B). Phthalic

anhydride was one of these chemicals. In performing risk evaluations for existing chemicals, EPA is

directed to “determine whether a chemical substance presents an unreasonable risk of injury to health

or the environment, without consideration of costs or other non-risk factors, including an

unreasonable risk to a potentially exposed or susceptible subpopulation identified as relevant to the

risk evaluation by the Administrator under the conditions of use.” Condition of use is legally defined

under TSCA § 3(4) as “the circumstances, as determined by the Administrator, under which a

chemical substance is intended, known, or reasonably foreseen to be manufactured, processed,

distributed in commerce, used, or disposed of”. This document provides publicly available

information as of the date of this document on the manufacturing (including importing), processing,

distribution in commerce, use, and disposal of phthalic anhydride and is used to inform decisions

regarding conditions of use. The document does not reflect information received directly from other

sources such as manufacturers, processors, etc., which has further informed the conditions of use in

the draft Scope Document. As such, the uses described in this document may differ from the

conditions of use in the draft Scope Document..

EPA consulted a variety of sources to identify uses of phthalic anhydride. This included EPA’s

review of published literature and online databases including the most recent data available from

EPA’s Chemical Data Reporting program (CDR) and Safety Data Sheets (SDSs). EPA also

conducted online research by reviewing company websites of potential manufacturers, importers,

distributors, retailers, or other users of phthalic anhydride and queried government and commercial

trade databases. Sources included information reported to EPA (including National Emissions

Inventory and the Toxics Release Inventory when appropriate), literature searches, proprietary

reports, trade publications, and reports developed for prior EPA and international sources. To identify

formulated products containing phthalic anhydride, EPA searched for (material) safety data sheets

(M)SDS using internet searches, EPA Chemical and Product Categories (CPCat) data, the National

Institute for Health's (NIH) Household Product Database, and other resources in which (M)SDS could

be found. Each (M)SDS was then cross-checked with company websites to make sure that each

product (M)SDS was current. EPA also makes use of communications with companies, industry

groups, environmental organizations, and public comments to supplement the information when

possible.

Table 1-1 includes basic information about phthalic anhydride.

Phthalic Anhydride Use Report Introduction ▌pg. 1-2

Table 1-1: Chemical Name, Synonyms, and CASRN for Phthalic anhydride Chemical Name Phthalic anhydride

CASRN 85-44-9

Synonyms

1,3-Isobenzofurandione; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid anhydride; 1,2-

Benzenedicarboxylic anhydride; 1,3 Isobenzofurandione; 1,3 Phthalandione; 1,3-dihydro-

1,3-dioxoisobenzofuran; 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione; 1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-

1,3-dione; 1,3-Dioxophthalan; 1,3-Phthalandione; 2,5-Isobenzofurandione; 2-Benzofuran-

1,3-dione; Isobenzo[b]furan-1,3-dione; Isobenzofuran, 1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-;

Isobenzofuran,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-; Isobenzofuran-1,3-dione; o-Phthalic acid anhydride;

ortho-phthalic acid anhydride; Phthalic acid anhydride

Trade Name(s) None identified

Source: U.S. NLM 2019

Phthalic Anhydride Use Report Uses and Production Volume ▌pg. 2-1

Uses and Production Volume

The global market for phthalic anhydride is expected to reach $10,387.5 million by 2020, according

to a recent study by Grand View Research Inc. Increasing demand for phthalate plasticizers due to

rise in consumption of polyvinyl chloride, coupled with growing demand for unsaturated polyester

resins, is expected to drive the market growth for phthalic anhydride. In addition, growing demand for

polyvinyl chloride in the Asia-Pacific automobile industry, particularly China and India, is also

expected to impact phthalic anhydride demand positively. Applications in the coating and paints

industries are expected to serve as a key market opportunity in the near future (ASI 2014).

Domestic Manufacture (CDR Data)

The Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) rule under TSCA requires manufacturers (including importers)

to provide information to EPA every four years on the chemicals they manufacture or import into the

United States. Table 2-1 presents the various conditions under which a facility subject to TSCA must

report to CDR. Typically, a manufacturer is required to report any volume above 25,000 pounds,

while small manufacturers1 are only required to report any volume above 100,000 pounds. For

chemicals subject to a TSCA Section 5(a)(2) SNUR, the threshold has been reduced to 2,500 pounds.

For small manufacturers, however, the threshold remains at 100,000 pounds. Data collected for each

chemical include the company name, volume of each chemical manufactured/imported, the number of

workers at each site, and information on whether the chemical is used in the industrial, commercial,

and/or consumer sector. Exemptions apply to small manufacturers.

1 The definition of a small manufacturer varies depending on the sector in which it operates.


Table 2-1. Conditions under Which a Company Must Report to CDR (shaded area applies to phthalic anhydride)

TSCA Action

Obligation to Report to CDR Information When Subject to TSCA Action as Indicated in Left column

Subject to 25,000 lb reporting threshold

Subject to 2,500 lb

reporting threshold

Not eligible for certain

full or partial exemptions

from reporting

Not eligible for small

manufacturer exemption

Not subject to TSCA action ✓

TSCA section 4 rules (proposed or

promulgated) ✓

✓ ✓

Enforceable Consent Agreements

(ECAs) ✓

✓

TSCA section 5(a)(2) SNURs

(proposed or promulgated)

✓ ✓

TSCA section 5(b)(4) rules

(proposed or promulgated)

✓ ✓ ✓

TSCA section 5(e) orders ✓ ✓ ✓

TSCA section 5(f) orders ✓ ✓

TSCA section 5

civil actions

✓ ✓ ✓

TSCA section 6 rules (proposed or

promulgated)

✓ ✓ ✓

TSCA section 7 civil actions ✓ ✓ ✓

National Production Volume

Table 2-2 presents the historic production volume of phthalic anhydride from submissions required by

EPA’s CDR rule (previously known as the Inventory Update Rule, or IUR) from 1986-2015. In

reporting years 1986, 1990, 1994, 2002, and 2006, aggregate production volume for phthalic

anhydride was between 500 million and 1 billion lbs. In reporting year 1998 aggregate production

volume was greater than 1 billion lbs. and in 2012 aggregate production volume was between 1

billion and 5 billion lbs. The exact amount is available for one year, 2011, in which 597,331,014 lbs.

of phthalic anhydride was produced or imported. Over the most recent reporting period, from 2013 to

2015, the production volume was between 500 and 750 million lbs.


Table 2-2: 1986-2015 National Production Volume Data for Phthalic Anhydride (CAS RN 85-44-9) (Non-Confidential Production Volume in Pounds)

Year Production Volume (lbs)

1986 >500 M – 1 B

1990 >500 M – 1 B

1994 >500 M – 1 B

1998 > 1 B

2002 >500 M – 1 B

2006 500 M – <1 B

2011 597,331,014

2012 1 B – 5 B

2013 500 M – 750 M

2014 500 M – 750 M

2015 500 M – 750 M

Note(s):

B = Billion; M = Million; Sources: U.S. EPA 2006, U.S. EPA 2013, U.S. EPA 2014a, U.S. EPA 2017a

Manufacturers

According to the 2016 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) database, 27 companies manufactured or

imported phthalic anhydride at 34 sites for reporting year 2015. Table 2-3 presents the company

information and manufacture and import information where available. Table 2-3 does not represent

all of the facilities potentially manufacturing or using phthalic anhydride. CDR requires

manufacturers (including importers) to report information on the chemicals they produce domestically

or import into the United States generally above 25,000 lbs. per site per year. Individual production

volumes were withheld, but may be available in later releases of the 2016 CDR.


Table 2-3: 2016 CDR U.S. Manufacturers and Importers of Phthalic Anhydride

U.S. Parent Company

Site Site Address Manufacture or

Import Manufactured

Volume (lbs./yr.)

Imported Volume (lbs./yr.)

Past Production Volume (2014)

(lbs./yr.)

Ashland, Inc.1,2 Ashland Specialty

Chemical Co.

6608 026th St, Los

Angeles, CA, 90040 Withheld Withheld Withheld Withheld

BASF Corporation1

BASF Imports Part

1

100 Park Ave, Florham

Park, NJ, 07932 Import Withheld Withheld Withheld

BASF Pasadena

Plant

4403 La Porte Road,

Pasadena, TX, 77501 Manufacture Withheld Withheld Withheld

CBI1

CBI CBI CBI Withheld Withheld Withheld

Exxon Mobil Br

Chemical Plant

4999 Scenic Hwy.,

Baton Rouge, LA,

70805

CBI Withheld Withheld Withheld

Greenchem 222 Clematis St, West

Palm Beach, FL, 33401 CBI Withheld Withheld Withheld

Chemtura

Corporation1,2

Chemtura

Corporation

199 Benson Road,

Middlebury, CT,

06762-3218

Withheld Withheld Withheld Withheld

Coim USA Inc.1 Coim USA Inc.

286 Mantua Grove

Road, West Deptford,

NJ, 08066-1738


Colonial Group,

Inc.

Colonial Chemical

Solutions Inc.

916 W Lathrop,

Savannah, GA, 31402 Import Withheld Withheld Withheld

Delsi Corporation Delsi Corporation 279 Alden Ave, Edison,

NJ, 08820 Import Withheld Withheld Withheld

DyStar LP1 DyStar LP

209 Watlington

Industrial Drive,

Reidsville, NC, 27320

Import Withheld Withheld Withheld

FRP Services & Co.

(America) Inc.

FRP Services & Co.

(America) Inc.

25 W 45th St, New

York, NY, 10036 Import Withheld Withheld Withheld

Huntsman

Corporation

Huntsman

Corporation - The

Woodlands

Corporate Site

10003 Woodloch Forest

Dr., The Woodlands,

TX, 77380


ICC Industries Inc.1 ICC Chemical

Corporation

460 Park Avenue, New

York, NY, 10022-1906 CBI Withheld Withheld Withheld



U.S. Parent Company


Import Manufactured

Volume (lbs./yr.)



(lbs./yr.)

Kalama

International, LLC

Kalama

International, LLC

9720 Cypresswood Dr,

Houston, TX, 77070 Import Withheld Withheld Withheld

Koppers Inc. Koppers Inc. 3900 S Laramie Ave,

Cicero, IL, 60804 Manufacture Withheld Withheld Withheld

Mitsui & Co.

(USA), Inc.

Mitsui & Co. (U. S.

A.), Inc.

1300 Post Oak

Boulevard, Houston,

TX, 77056


Panolam Industries

International Inc.1

Pioneer Plastics

Corporation

1 Pionite Rd, Auburn,

ME, 04210 Import Withheld Withheld Withheld

PCCR USA Inc.

PCCR USA 71 Barnett Road, Forest

Park, GA, 30297 Import Withheld Withheld Withheld

PCCR USA 201 Cedar Street,

Ennis, TX, 75119 Import Withheld Withheld Withheld

PCCR USA Inc.

400 East Cottage

Avenue,

Carpentersville, IL,

60110-1878


Pestorp Polymers

Inc.1

Perstorp Polyols

Inc.

600 Matzinger Road,

Toledo, OH, 43612-

2695


Polynt Composites

USA, Inc.

Polynt Composites

USA, Inc.

2434 Holmes Rd,

Houston, TX, 77051 Import Withheld Withheld Withheld

Polynt Composites

USA, Inc.

920 Tightsqueeze

Industrial Rd, Chatham,

VA, 24531


Reichhold LLC 21,2

Reichhold LLC 2 425 S Pace Blvd,

Pensacola, FL, 32502 Withheld Withheld Withheld Withheld

Reichhold LLC 2 237 S Motor Ave,

Azusa, CA, 91702 Withheld Withheld Withheld Withheld

Reichhold LLC 2

249 St Louis Ave,

Valley Park, MO,

63088


Soyventis North

America LLC

Soyventis North

America LLC

100 Town Square Pl,

Jersey City, NJ, 07310 Import Withheld Withheld Withheld



U.S. Parent Company


Import Manufactured

Volume (lbs./yr.)



(lbs./yr.)

Stepan Company1

Stepan Co.

Millsdale Road

22500 West Millsdale

Road, Elwood, IL,

60421-9646


Stepan Company

22 W Frontage Road,

Northfield, IL, 60093-

3470


The Chemical

Company

The Chemical

Company

44 Southwest Ave,

Jamestown, RI, 02835 Import Withheld Withheld Withheld

The Valspar

Corporation

Engineered Polymer

Solutions Inc.

5501 E. Slauson, Los

Angeles, CA, 90040-

2920


Univar Inc. ChemPoint 411 108th Ave Ne,

Bellevue, WA, 98004 Import Withheld Withheld Withheld

Vertellus Holdings

LLC1

Morflex Chemical

Co Inc.

2110 High Point Rd.,

Greensboro, NC, 27403 CBI Withheld Withheld Withheld

Source: U.S. EPA 2017a Notes:

1. This company reported consumer/commercial use in CDR, however this company did not submit information under Part 3B (Processing & Use Information).

2. This company reported industrial use in CDR, however this company did not submit information under Part 3B (Processing & Use Information). CBI = Data withheld as Confidential Business Information


Ashland is a global specialty chemicals company. Their website states that they purchase phthalic

anhydride from suppliers to produce their performance materials (Ashland 2019).

BASF Corporation claims to be the second largest producer and marketer of chemicals and related

products in North America. Their website states that BASF has been producing phthalic anhydride for

over 130 years and researching phthalic anhydride catalysts for more than 110 years. BASF provides

phthalic anhydride catalysts for the production of phthalic anhydride from the oxidation of o-xylene

and naphthalene/mixed feed (BASF 2019). In a comment to the public docket, BASF informed EPA

that in 2016 the phthalic anhydride plant in Pasadena, TX was permanently closed (see also ICIS

2015), and that the only phthalic anhydride used in commercial formulations by BASF is imported.

BASF predicts that they will not meet the volume threshold for reporting phthalic anhydride to CDR

in 2020. (EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0459-0008).

Greenchem is a chemical distributor. They do not currently list phthalic anhydride as a product on

their website.

Chemtura, one of the world’s leading suppliers of flame retardant and lubricant additives, was

acquired by specialty chemicals company LANXESS in 2017 (Lanxess 2017). Lanxess lists several

applications for phthalic anhydride on their website (Lanxess 2019) (these have been captured in

Section 2.4 of this use report.)

The Coim Group is an Italian specialty chemicals company.

Colonial Chemical Solutions is a chemical distribution and logistics company. Phthalic anhydride

flakes is listed as a product on their website.

Based on Google search results, Delsi Corporation appears to be a small import company

specializing in chemicals from India.

The Dystar Group is a dyestuff and chemical manufacturer for the textile, paints, coatings, paper,

and packaging industries (Dystar 2019).

FRP Services & Co. (America) Inc. is a supplier/distributor of chemicals, composites, building

material, industrial fabrics etc. Phthalic anhydride is listed as a product on their website, and

Polyester Resin (UPR) is identified as an application for the chemical (FRP 2019).

The Huntsman Corporation is a chemical manufacturer. Phthalic anhydride is listed as a raw

material on their website (Huntsman 2019).

ICC Chemical trades and distributes chemicals, plastics and pharmaceuticals throughout the world.

Phthalic anhydride is listed as a product (plasticizer) on their website (ICC 2019).

Kalama International LLC’s website (http://www.kalamaintl.com/) is no longer functional. It is not

clear if this company is now a part of Emerald Kalama Chemical, an international specialty chemical

manufacturing company.

Koppers manufactures phthalic anhydride in its Stickney, Illinois facility. They note that major end-

use markets of phthalic anhydride include phthalate plasticizers, polyester resins, and alkyd resins for

coating applications. Other uses include the manufacture of dye intermediates and pigments, polyester


polyols and flame-retardants (Koppers 2019). In corporate literature, the company notes that “the

distillation process [used to manufacture phthalic anhydride] is an example of the company’s

sustainability business model – taking materials that would otherwise be disposed or burned

(considered a mid-point in the circular carbon economy) and converting them to a productive use.”

(Koppers 2018a).

The Chemicals Department of Mitsui & Co. Benelux is an international trading house for all kinds of

chemicals, operating worldwide and connecting producers to industrial consumers. They list phthalic

anhydride as a product (an intermediate) on their website (Mitsui 2019).

In April 2015, PCCR USA Inc. changed its name to Polynt Composites. The company been active in

the production, sales, research and development of organic anhydrides and their derivatives for over

60 years. Phthalic anhydride is one of its key products (Polynt 2016a).

Reichhold is a global supplier to the Composite & Coating Industry. With 19 manufacturing sites (17

operated by Reichhold) and five technology centers in 12 countries, Reichhold is one of the world’s

largest suppliers of unsaturated polyester resins for composites and a leading supplier of coating

resins for a wide variety of markets and applications (Reichhold 2020). In 2017, Polynt and

Reichhold merged to form the Polynt-Reichhold Group, a global company in the Intermediates,

Coating and Composite Resins, Thermoset Compounds, Gel-coats and niche Specialties (Polynt

2017).

Soyventis is global chemical distribution and supply chain company. Phthalic anhydride is listed as a

product on their website, in the Home Personal Care, Ink/Paint/Coating, Plastics, and UPR industries

(Soyventis 2019).

The Stepan company lists phthalic anhydride flake as a product on their website, and notes that it is

used in the manufacture of Alkyd Resin Coatings, Unsaturated Polyester Resins, and Plasticizers

(Stepan 2018a). The Stepan company also notes that the end use markets for phthalic anhydride in

general are polyester resins, plasticizers, alkyd resin and coatings, polyester polyols, pigments and

dyes, engineered plastics, and flame retardants. It notes that common uses and applications of phthalic

anhydride are boat hulls, shower stalls, flexible tubing and containers in the medical industry, wire

coating and insulation, garden hoses, commercial and residential paint coatings, and vinyl wallpaper

(Stepan 2020).

The Chemical Company is a global chemical supplier and distributor. They list phthalic anhydride

as a product on their website. They describe its primary application as chemical intermediate in the

production of plastics from vinyl chloride (The Chemical Company 2019).

Engineered Polymer Solutions provides performance based resins and colorants specifically

designed for the architectural, industrial, construction and adhesive markets.

Univar is a chemical supplier. Phthalic anhydride is listed as a product on their website.

Vertellus Performance Chemicals LLC changed its name to Ascensus Specialties LLC, effective

May 1, 2018 (Vertellus 2018).


Industrial and Consumer/Commercial Use Data

Table 2-4 presents the information provided by each company to CDR regarding the industrial and

consumer/commercial use of the chemical. As shown in Table 2-4, there were 16 sectors of industrial

use reported by 34 manufacturing sites. Paint and coating manufacturing was the most reported

industrial use sector, with eight site reporting it, followed by Plastic material and resin manufacturing,

with seven sites reporting use in this sector.


Table 2-4: Industrial and Consumer Use Data for Phthalic Anhydride from the CDR

Site Type of Processing

Industrial Use Data Consumer Use Data

Sector Industrial Use Percent of Production

Volume

Consumer Use Product

Category

Commercial or Consumer Use

Percent of Production

Volume

Ashland Specialty

Chemical Co ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

BASF Imports Part 1 Processing as a reactant All other basic organic

chemical manufacturing Intermediates CBI ND ND ND

BASF Pasadena Plant Processing as a reactant All other basic organic

chemical manufacturing Intermediates CBI ND ND ND

Exxon Mobil BR

Chemical Plant Processing as a reactant

All other basic organic

chemical manufacturing Ion exchange agents CBI ND ND ND

CBI

Processing—incorporation

into formulation, mixture,

or reaction product

Synthetic dye and pigment

manufacturing Dyes 16

Ink, toner,

and colorant

products

Commercial 16



or reaction product

Plastic material and resin

manufacturing

Paint additives and

coating additives not

described by other

categories

72 Paints and

coatings Commercial 72



or reaction product

Pharmaceutical and

medicine manufacturing Intermediates 12

Personal care

products Commercial 12

Greenchem



or reaction product

Plastics product

manufacturing Plasticizers 10

Plastic and

rubber

products not

covered

elsewhere

Commercial 10



or reaction product

NKRA NKRA 90 ND ND ND

Chemtura Corporation ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Coim USA Inc



or reaction product

All other basic organic

chemical manufacturing Intermediates 100 ND ND ND






Volume


Category



Volume

Colonial Chemical

Solutions Inc



or reaction product

All other chemical product

and preparation

manufacturing

Intermediates 90 Adhesives

and sealants Commercial 80

Delsi Corporation Processing as a reactant Petroleum lubricating oil

and grease manufacturing

Lubricants and

lubricant additives 100

Lubricants

and greases Commercial 100

Dystar LP



or reaction product

Textiles, apparel, and

leather manufacturing Fillers 100 ND ND ND

FRP Services & Co.

(America) Inc.



or reaction product

NKRA Plastic material and

resin manufacturing 50

ND ND ND Processing—incorporation


or reaction product

Paint and coating

manufacturing NKRA 50

Huntsman Corporation -

The Woodlands

Corporate Site



or reaction product

All other chemical product

and preparation

manufacturing

Intermediates 100

Electrical and

electronic

products

Commercial 100

ICC Chemical

Corporation Processing as a reactant


manufacturing Intermediates 100 ND ND ND

Kalama International,

LLC



or reaction product


manufacturing Plasticizers 85

Building/

construction

materials not

covered

elsewhere

Commercial 85



or reaction product

Paint and coating

manufacturing

Paint additives and


described by other

categories

10 Paints and




or reaction product

Custom compounding of

purchased resin Plasticizers 5

Plastic and

rubber

products not

covered

elsewhere

Commercial 5






Volume


Category



Volume

Koppers Inc.

Processing as a reactant Synthetic dye and pigment

manufacturing Pigments 30

Surface

treating Commercial 30

Processing as a reactant Printing ink

manufacturing Inks 20

Ink, toner,

and colorant

products

Commercial 20

Processing as a reactant Plastics product

manufacturing Plastics 50

Paints and


Mitsui & Co. (U. S. A.),

Inc



or reaction product

Construction Plasticizers 100 ND ND ND

Pioneer Plastics

Corporation` Processing as a reactant



PCCR USA (TX) Processing as a reactant Paint and coating

manufacturing

Adhesives and sealant

chemicals 100

Paints and


PCCR USA (IL)



or reaction product

Paint and coating

manufacturing


chemicals 100

Paints and


PCCR USA (GA)



or reaction product

Paint and coating

manufacturing


chemicals 100

Paints and


Perstorp Polyols Inc Processing as a reactant Plastic material and resin


Polynt Composites

USA, Inc (Va) Processing as a reactant

Paint and coating

manufacturing

Paint additives and


described by other

categories

100 Paints and


Polynt Composites

USA, Inc



or reaction product

Paint and coating

manufacturing

Paint additives and


described by other

categories

100 Paints and


Reichhold LLC 2 (CA) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Reichhold LLC 2 (MO) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND






Volume


Category



Volume

Reichhold LLC 2 (FL) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Soyventis North

America LLC



or reaction product

Paint and coating

manufacturing Intermediates 100

Paints and

coatings

Consumer/Co

mmercial 100

Stepan Co Millsdale

Road CBI CBI CBI CBI ND ND ND

Stepan Company CBI CBI CBI CBI ND ND ND

The Chemical Company NKRA NKRA NKRA 100 ND ND ND

Engineered Polymer

Solutions Inc Processing as a reactant


manufacturing

Paint additives and


described by other

categories

100 Paints and

coatings

Consumer/Co

mmercial 100

Chempoint

NKRA NKRA NKRA 26

NKRA NKRA NKRA



or reaction product


manufacturing

Oxidizing/reducing

agents 4



or reaction product

Synthetic rubber

manufacturing

Oxidizing/reducing

agents 61



or reaction product

Adhesive manufacturing Oxidizing/reducing

agents 1



or reaction product

Whole sale and retail trade Oxidizing/reducing

agents 8

Morflex Chemical Co

Inc Processing as a reactant

All other basic inorganic

chemical manufacturing Intermediates 100 ND ND ND

Source: U.S. EPA 2017a

Notes: CBI = Data withheld as Confidential Business Information; ND = No Data provided; NKRA = Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable


Additional Import Data

For this analysis, Datamyne data over the years 2012 to 2019 (partial year, to April 16) were

analyzed. Descartes Datamyne is a commercial searchable trade database that covers the import-

export data and global commerce of more than 50 countries across five continents (approximately

76% of the world's import trade by value), and includes the cross-border commerce of the United

States with over 230 trading partners. The trade data is gathered from U.S. Customs Automated

Manifest System. For this analysis, EPA queried the database for bills of lading related to phthalic

anhydride. Due to the nature of Datamyne data, some shipments containing the chemical of concern

may be excluded due to being categorized under other names that were not included in the search

terms. There also may be typos in the data that prevent shipment records containing the chemical

from being located. Datamyne does not include articles/products containing the chemical unless the

chemical name is included in the description of the article/product.

Datamyne revealed data on shipments of the chemical phthalic anhydride. Based on the descriptions

provided on the bills of lading, Table 2-5 lists the importers of phthalic anhydride as identified in

Datamyne, from 2012 to 2019. As shown in Figure 1, imports of phthalic anhydride have been

generally trending upwards over the past several years, with the most recent past three years having

the top highest numbers out of the seven whole years analyzed.


Table 2-5: U.S. Importers of Phthalic Anhydride from Descartes Datamyne (2012 to 2019)

Consignee Declared (Importer)

Number of Shipments by Year

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Total Aceto Corporation 1 1

Advance Coatings Company 1 1

America Warehouse 2 2

Anna Wasserman PTA, PC. 1 1

AOC LLC 8 12 8 2 30

Athlon Solutions LLC 4 2 6

Atts Chemicals LLC 1 1

Bbc Global LLC 3 3 6

Berryman Chemical 2 2

Charter Brokerage LLC 1 1

Citibank 1 3 4

Clear Lake Chemicals, LLC 1 1

Coim USA Inc. 10 26 22 2 3 6 3 72

Colonial Chemical Solutions 2 1 3

Danchem Technologies 1 1

Delsi Corporation 4 3 4 2 2 15

Deltech Resin Co. 1 1

Dimmid Inc. 1 9 9 1 20

Doperco SRL 1 1

E I Dupont De Nemours and Co 1 1 2

Ecem European Chemical

Marketing 1 1

Ecem USA Inc. 3 3

EMD Millipore Corporation 1 1

Emerald Performance Materials 1 1

EPS Resin 4 1 5

Ethox Chemicals 1 1

FRP Services & Co. (America) 2 2

GLS Chemicals, Inc. 1 3 1 2 7

Huntsman International LLC 1 1

Hydrite Chemical Company 1 1

ICC Chemical Corporation 2 1 4 7

IDC Warehouse 2 3 3 8

Innua USA Inc. 1 1

Interatlas Logistics Inc. 3 9 5 25 14 9 3 68

Isaac Industries Inc. 1 1

JTR Chemical Corporation 1 1

Kemlink USA Inc. 4 4

Koppers Inc. 17 17

Linden Warehouse and Dist. Co. 2 7 6 6 21

Lynt Composite USA Inc. 1 1

M.O.T. Intermodal Shipping 1 1

Magna-Kron Corp., Ltd 1 1

Mancuso Chemicals Ltd 3 3

Mays Chemical 2 2

Milliken & Company 6 4 1 11

Mirae Sci Co., Ltd. 45 45

Mitsui Co. (USA), Inc. 4 3 6 1 14

Neuchem Inc. 1 1 1 3

Ocean Blue Express Inc. 1 1

Pacific Way, Inc. 1 1

Palmer Logistics 2 2

Panolam Surface Systems 1 1 4 4 2 1 1 14

PCCR USA Inc. 94 107 65 22


Table 2-5: U.S. Importers of Phthalic Anhydride from Descartes Datamyne (2012 to 2019)

Consignee Declared (Importer)

Number of Shipments by Year

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Total Penpet Petrochemical Trading 2 2

Petrom-Petroquimica Mogi Das 1 1

Polynt Composite USA Inc. 25 73 84 162 39 383

Posco Daewoo America Corp. 2 2

Premier Warehouse Inc. 1 1

Primary Freight Services Inc. 2 2

Prinova 1 1

Quimicos Y Plasticos Centurion 1 1

Ranbar Manor Pa 1 1

Reichhold LLC 2 27 6 33

Rica Warehouses USA Inc. 2 1 3

Sigma-Aldrich International 1 1 2

Silver Fern Chemical, Inc. 1 1

Soyventis North America, LLC 3 44 29 7 9 92

Stepan Company 2 2

T.V.L. Global Logistics Corp. 1 1

Teknor Apex Tennessee Co. 1 7 6 8 5 27

The Chemical Company 1 3 4

The Hallstar Company 1 1 2

The Valspar Corporation 1 1

TR International, Inc. 1 1

Troy Chemical Co., 1 1

Westdry Industries Inc. 1 1 5 4 1 4 4 3 23

World Logistics USA LLC 2 2

Yenkin Majestic 2 1 4 23 2 2 34

Not Declared 59 53 69 62 115 104 124 16 602

Grand Total 186 217 190 176 352 295 429 89 1,934

Source: Descartes Datamyne 2019

Note: Due to the nature of Datamyne data, some shipments containing the chemical of concern may be excluded due to being

categorized under other names that were not included in the search terms. There also may be typos in the data that prevent shipment records containing the chemical from being located. Datamyne does not include articles/products containing the chemical unless the chemical name is included in the description of the article/product.


Source: Descartes Datamyne 2019

Note: Due to the nature of Datamyne data, some shipments containing the chemical of concern may be excluded due to being categorized under other names that were not included in the search terms. There also may be typos in the data that prevent

shipment records containing the chemical from being located. Datamyne does not include articles/products containing the

chemical unless the chemical name is included in the description of the article/product.

As shown in Table 2-5, the following companies were the major importers of phthalic anhydride

between 2014 and 2018, based on numbers of identified shipments. Contact with the companies may

be necessary to determine if they are currently importing or using phthalic anhydride.

• AOC LLC is a global supplier of polyester and vinyl ester resins, gelcoats, and specialty

materials for the composites industry.

• Coim USA Inc. is a specialty chemicals manufacturer, making polyurethanes and polyesters.

• Dimmid Inc. is a trade and distribution company headquartered in New York City, NY.

• Delsi Corporation is an importer in Edison, NJ, importing phthalic anhydride for Polynt.

• InterAtlas Logistics Inc is a shipping company that appears to be associated with InterAtlas

Chemical, a chemical distributor that lists phthalic Anhydride on its products list on its

website (InterAtlas Chemical 2019).

• Koppers Inc. – see description in Section 2.1.2.

• Linden Warehouse and Distribution Company is a distribution logistics and warehousing

firm located in Linden, NJ.

• Milliken & Company is a global manufacturer of floor covering, performance and protective

textiles, and specialty chemicals, with headquarters in Spartanburg, SC.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Figure 1. Number of Total Shipments of Phthalic Anhydride


• Mirae SCI is a specialty chemical supplier located in Korea, exporting petrochemical based

raw materials and finished products produced by Korean companies to countries including

the United States. Phthalic anhydride is listed as a product on their website (Mirae SCI 2019).

• Mitsui Co. – see description in Section 2.1.2.

• PCCR / Polynt – see description in Section 2.1.2.

• Reichhold LLC – see description in Section 2.1.2.

• Soyventis North America, LLC – see description in Section 2.1.2.

• Panolam Surface Systems’ Specialty Resins Division produces polyester and melamine-

formaldehyde resin products for a wide variety of end-use applications. Their products are

sold under the Nevamar, Pionite and Panolam brands.

• Teknor Apex manufactures thermoplastics and vinyl. With locations throughout the United

States, the shipments of phthalic anhydride were sent to their Tennessee plant.

• WestDry Industries Inc. is located in Plainfield, NJ, and specializes in driers and

plasticizers. Their website describes them as a major importer and distributor of phthalic

anhydride, and boasts that “the company holds the record for having the largest single

importation of phthalic anhydride – 34 full container loads in one go for a total of 680 metric

tons.” (WestDry 2019).

• Yenkin Majestic Paint Corporation is a coatings manufacturer based in Columbus, OH.

Toxic Release Inventory Data

These tables summarize industry and facility information, manufacturing, processing, and otherwise

use categorical data, and production-related waste trends for the chemical as reported to the Toxics

Release Inventory (TRI) for the most recent year.

TRI is used by EPA to learn about toxic chemical releases above certain reporting thresholds

(generally 10,000 pounds), and pollution prevention activities from industrial and federal facilities.

Annual reporting is required by facilities that are in specific industry sectors, employ 10 or more full-

time equivalent employees, and manufacture, process, or otherwise use a TRI-listed chemical in

quantities above a threshold level in a given year (U.S. EPA 2018a). The approximately 600

chemicals listed by the TRI program cause cancer or other chronic human health effects, significant

adverse acute human health effects, or significant adverse environmental effects. The TRI chemical

list does not include all toxic chemicals used in the United States

TRI data represent the reporting year 2017 Updated Dataset (released April 2019). Data are for 2017

only. Each table below contains detailed notes for each field.

TRI Facilities

Table 2-6 shows the number of facilities, by NAICS code, reporting information related to phthalic

anhydride under TRI during the 2017 reporting year. Based on this data, facilities represented by


NAICS 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing most frequently reported phthalic

anhydride to TRI in 2017. The full list of facilities (name and location) under each NAICS code can

be found in Appendix C.

Table 2-6: Facilities Reporting Under TRI for Phthalic Anhydride in 2017

Industry Type (NAICS) Number of Facilities

322220 Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing 1

325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing 2

325130 Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing 4

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing 4

325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing 2

325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing 18

325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing 45

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing 1

325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing 14

325520 Adhesive Manufacturing 2

325611 Soap and Other Detergent Manufacturing 1

325613 Surface Active Agent Manufacturing 4

325910 Printing Ink Manufacturing 1

325991 Custom Compounding of Purchased Resins 2

325998 All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing 8

326291 Rubber Product Manufacturing for Mechanical Use 1

326299 All Other Rubber Product Manufacturing 1

327310 Cement Manufacturing 3

337127 Institutional Furniture Manufacturing 3

562211 Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal 5

562213 Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators 1

TOTAL 123

Source:

2017 TRI Data (updated April, 2019).

Notes: TRI facilities can report more than one NAICS codes on each chemical-specific form they submit. For this table, only the NAICS

code designated as primary was used. For facility counts, facilities submitting either Form A or Form R are counted. For this table,

facilities are counted by unique primary NAICS; if a multi-establishment facility submitted multiple forms with different primary NAICS, they are counted separately.

Manufacturing Facilities

Table 2-7 shows the number of facilities, by NAICS code, that reported manufacturing phthalic

anhydride under the 2017 TRI. The data in this table were pulled from Part II, Section 3 of the TRI

Form R. Since any facility can select both “Produce” and “Import”, the “Total” column may not be

the sum of the “Produced” and “Imported” columns. According to the TRI data, phthalic anhydride

was produced by more facilities than imported.


Table 2-7: Reported Manufacturing Uses under TRI for Phthalic Anhydride in 2017

Industry Type Manufacturing – Number of Uses

Produced Imported Total

325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing 2 0 2

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing 1 0 1

325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical

Manufacturing 2 0 2

325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing 3 0 3

325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing 0 1 1

325613 Surface Active Agent Manufacturing 1 0 1

TOTAL 9 1 10

Source: 2017 TRI Data (updated April, 2019).

Notes:

Data taken from Part II, Section 3 of the Form R.

TRI facilities can report more than one NAICS codes on each chemical-specific form they submit. For this table, only the NAICS

code designated as primary is used. For facility counts, facilities that report 0 or greater pounds in sections 5, 6, or 8 for this chemical

are counted. For this table, facilities are counted by unique primary NAICS; if a multi-establishment facility submits multiple forms with different primary NAICS, they will be counted separately. Note that zero can indicate 0.5 pounds or less, including zero.

Table 2-8 provides the subcategory for manufacturing of phthalic anhydride at the facilities reporting

to TRI. That is, the table shows the reported reason why the chemical is produced or imported.

According to the TRI data, phthalic anhydride was most often manufactured or imported as a

byproduct.

Table 2-8: Reported Sub-Categories of Manufacturing Uses under TRI for Phthalic Anhydride in 2017

Industry Type Sub-Categories of Manufacturing – Number of Uses

For On-site Use/ Processing

For Sale/ Distribution

As a Byproduct

As an Impurity

Total

325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing 1 1 2 0 2

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical

Manufacturing 0 0 1 0 1

325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and

Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing 0 1 1 0 2

325199 All Other Basic Organic

Chemical Manufacturing 1 1 3 2 3

325211 Plastics Material and Resin


325613 Surface Active Agent


TOTAL 4 4 7 2 10

Source:


Notes:

Data taken from the first column of Part II, Section 3 of the Form R. TRI facilities can report more than one NAICS codes on each chemical-specific form they submit. For this table, only the NAICS


are counted. For this table, facilities are counted by unique primary NAICS; if a multi-establishment facility submits multiple forms

with different primary NAICS, they will be counted separately. Note that zero can indicate 0.5 pounds or less, including zero. The

“Total” column may not be equal to the sum of the other columns, since any facility may check multiple sub-categories.


Processing Facilities

Table 2-9 shows the number of facilities, by NAICS code, that reported each type of processing for

phthalic anhydride under the 2017 TRI. The chemical is most often reported to be used as a reactant,

in the Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing industry.

Table 2-9: Reported Categories of Processing under TRI for Phthalic Anhydride in 2017

Industry Type

Categories of Processing – Number of Uses

As a Reactant

As a Formulation Component

As an Article

Component Repacking

As an Impurity

Total

322220 Paper Bag and Coated and

Treated Paper Manufacturing 1 0 0 0 0 1

325110 Petrochemical

Manufacturing 1 1 0 1 0 2

325130 Synthetic Dye and Pigment


325180 Other Basic Inorganic

Chemical Manufacturing 2 1 0 0 0 2


Chemical Manufacturing 10 3 0 0 1 13



325412 Pharmaceutical

Preparation Manufacturing 1 0 0 0 0 1

325510 Paint and Coating


325520 Adhesive Manufacturing 1 1 0 0 0 2

325611 Soap and Other Detergent


325613 Surface Active Agent


325991 Custom Compounding of

Purchased Resins 1 1 0 0 0 2

325998 All Other Miscellaneous

Chemical Product and Preparation


326291 Rubber Product

Manufacturing for Mechanical Use 0 1 0 0 0 1

327310 Cement Manufacturing 0 0 0 1 0 1

337127 Institutional Furniture


TOTAL 73 21 2 4 1 87

Source: 2017 TRI Data (updated April, 2019).

Notes: Data taken from the second column of Part II, Section 3 of the Form R.


code designated as primary is used. For facility counts, facilities that report 0 or greater pounds in sections 5, 6, or 8 for this chemical are counted. For this table, facilities are counted by unique primary NAICS; if a multi-establishment facility submits multiple forms




Other Uses

Table 2-10 shows the number of facilities, by NAICS code, that reported “otherwise using” phthalic

anhydride under the 2017 TRI, and the numbers reporting each of the categories of otherwise use.

According to the TRI data, ancillary or other uses are the most often reported.

Table 2-10: Reported Categories of Other Uses under TRI for Phthalic Anhydride in 2017

Industry Type

Categories of Otherwise Use – Number of Uses

As a Chemical

Processing Aid

As a Manufacturing

Aid

Ancillary or Other Use

Total

325180 Other Basic Inorganic

Chemical Manufacturing 0 0 1 1


Chemical Manufacturing 0 1 3 4


Manufacturing 0 0 1 1

326291 Rubber Product

Manufacturing for Mechanical Use 1 1 0 1

327310 Cement Manufacturing 0 0 3 3

562211 Hazardous Waste Treatment

and Disposal 0 0 5 5

562213 Solid Waste Combustors and

Incinerators 0 0 1 1

TOTAL 1 2 14 16

Source:


Notes: Data taken from the third column of Section II, Part 3 of the Form R.



are counted. For this table, facilities are counted by unique primary NAICS; if a multi-establishment facility submits multiple forms



Maximum Quantity of Chemicals on Site

For each facility reporting to TRI on phthalic anhydride, Table 2-11 shows the maximum amount of

the chemical on-site at any time during the 2017 calendar year, for each of the 123 facilities reporting

for phthalic anhydride under the 2017 TRI. (Reporters respond by indicating the applicable weight

range). According to TRI data, the highest volume stored is 100,000,000 to 499,999,999 lbs by the

ExxonMobil Baton Rouge Chemical Plant in Louisiana.


Table 2-11: Maximum Quantity of Phthalic Anhydride on Site at Any Time During 2017 (range in lbs)

Facility City State Latitude Longitude Weight Range in

Pounds

3M CO - DECATUR DECATUR AL 34.641667 -87.038611 10,000 to 99,999

ABBEY COLOR INC PHILADELPHIA PA 40.00236 -75.12179

AC&S INC NITRO WV 38.4235 -81.8448 10,000 to 99,999

ADVANCE COATINGS CO WESTMINSTER MA 42.552405 -71.869697 10,000 to 99,999

ADVANCED POLYMER TECHNOLOGY HARMONY PA 40.80589 -80.08325 1,000,000 to 9,999,999

ALBEMARLE CORP SOUTH PLANT MAGNOLIA AR 33.1756 -93.2169 10,000,000 to 49,999,999

ALLIANCE RUBBER CO HOT SPRINGS AR 34.46766 -93.02075 10,000 to 99,999

ALLNEX USA INC LOUISVILLE KY 38.180278 -85.753611 100,000 to 999,999

ALLNEX USA INC EAST ST LOUIS IL 38.601851 -90.132709 100,000 to 999,999

ALLNEX USA INC NORTH AUGUSTA FACILITY NORTH AUGUSTA SC 33.48044 -81.92247 ,

ALLNEX USA INC WALLINGFORD CT SITE WALLINGFORD CT 41.435 -72.836389 100,000 to 999,999

AMERICAN STITCHCO INC DBA AM EPOXY SCIENTIFIC MOUNTAIN HOME AR 36.321696 -92.379342 100,000 to 999,999

AOC LLC LAKELAND FL 28.100831 -82.009719 100,000 to 999,999

AOC LLC VALPARAISO IN 41.44579 -87.01731 100,000 to 999,999

AOC LLC PERRIS CA 33.8311 -117.26157 100,000 to 999,999

AOC LLC TENNESSEE PLANT COLLIERVILLE TN 35.041758 -89.625081 1,000,000 to 9,999,999

ARKEMA COATING RESINS N KANSAS CITY MO 39.13229 -94.56953

ARKEMA INC WEST CHESTER PA 39.956831 -75.590426

ARKEMA INC CHATHAM VA 36.7817 -79.4097

ARKEMA INC GRAND RAPIDS MI 42.93843 -85.67562 100,000 to 999,999

ASCEND PERFORMANCE MATERIALS OPERATIONS LLC CANTONMENT FL 30.596678 -87.251977 1,000 to 9,999

ASHLAND LLC PITTSBURGH PA 40.49761 -80.09127 100,000 to 999,999

ASHLAND LLC JACKSONVILLE AR 34.882638 -92.138831 100,000 to 999,999

ASHLAND LLC COMMERCE CA 33.983333 -118.133333 100,000 to 999,999

ASHLAND PERFORMANCE MATERIALS PHILADELPHIA PHILADELPHIA PA 39.90967 -75.130075 100,000 to 999,999

AXALTA COATING SYSTEMS USA LLC- FORT MADISON FORT MADISON IA 40.631667 -91.363611 10,000 to 99,999

AXALTA COATING SYSTEMS USA LLC-FRONT ROYAL FRONT ROYAL VA 38.981036 -78.174118 10,000 to 99,999

AXIALL LLC-ABERDEEN ABERDEEN MS 33.813889 -88.556114 1,000,000 to 9,999,999

BASF CORP CINCINNATI OH 39.1782 -84.5041 ,

BASF CORP GREENVILLE OH 40.098611 -84.610556

BASF CORP - FREEPORT SITE FREEPORT TX 29.002075 -95.399777 1,000 to 9,999

BUZZI UNICEM USA-CAPE GIRARDEAU CAPE GIRARDEAU MO 37.2676 -89.5385 100 to 999




Pounds

BUZZI UNICEM USA-GREENCASTLE PLANT GREENCASTLE IN 39.615889 -86.868917 100 to 999

CINCHEMPRO LLC BATAVIA OH 39.0813 -84.18454

CLEAN HARBORS ARAGONITE LLC GRANTSVILLE UT 40.7344 -112.9681 10,000 to 99,999

CLEAN HARBORS EL DORADO LLC EL DORADO AR 33.20586 -92.63103 1,000,000 to 9,999,999

CLEAN HARBORS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES INC KIMBALL NE 41.15272 -103.66339 1,000,000 to 9,999,999

COIM USA INC WEST DEPTFORD NJ 39.820003 -75.216459 1,000,000 to 9,999,999

COLORCON WEST POINT PA 40.206329 -75.296104 10,000 to 99,999

CONTINENTAL CEMENT CO LLC HANNIBAL MO 39.67913 -91.31424 1,000 to 9,999

DELTECH RESIN CO NEWARK NJ 40.71222 -74.138496 100,000 to 999,999

DUPONT WASHINGTON WORKS WASHINGTON WV 39.26944 -81.67 1,000 to 9,999

DURCON INC TAYLOR TX 30.57027 -97.38722 100,000 to 999,999

DYSTAR HILTON DAVIS CORP CINCINNATI OH 39.181111 -84.450556 10,000 to 99,999

DYSTAR LP REIDSVILLE NC 36.32093 -79.64907 ,

EASTMAN CHEMICAL CO TENNESSEE OPERATIONS KINGSPORT TN 36.519722 -82.540556 1,000,000 to 9,999,999

ECO-SERVICES OPERATIONS BATON ROUGE LA 30.507912 -91.181783 100,000 to 999,999

ELANTAS PDG INC SAINT LOUIS MO 38.67945 -90.20497

ENGINEERED POLYMER SOLUTIONS INC WILLIAMSPORT MD 39.598457 -77.799523 100,000 to 999,999

ENGINEERED POLYMER SOLUTIONS INC COMMERCE CA 33.987111 -118.165944 100,000 to 999,999

ESCO CO LLC MUSKEGON MI 43.21039 -86.2146 10,000 to 99,999

ETHOX CHEMICALS LLC GREENVILLE SC 34.734471 -82.375617 10,000 to 99,999

EVONIK CORP THEODORE AL 30.516944 -88.14028 1,000 to 9,999

EXXONMOBIL BATON ROUGE CHEMICAL PLANT (PART) BATON ROUGE LA 30.495769 -91.173111 100,000,000 to 499,999,999

FLINT HILLS RESOURCES JOLIET LLC CHANNAHON IL 41.441669 -88.172781 100,000 to 999,999

GENERAL COATINGS MANUFACTURING CORP FRESNO CA 36.69336 -119.76767 10,000 to 99,999

GRACE -PASADENA CATALYST SITE PASADENA TX 29.616247 -95.052006

GREAT LAKES CHEMICAL - SOUTH PLANT EL DORADO AR 33.109833 -92.678806 10,000 to 99,999

GRISWOLD LLC MOOSUP CT 41.714 -71.879

HALLSTAR CO ESTER SOLUTIONS FACILITY BEDFORD PARK IL 41.75869 -87.76741 10,000 to 99,999

HB FULLER CO GRAND RAPIDS MI 43.01406 -85.76807 10,000 to 99,999

HERITAGE THERMAL SERVICES EAST LIVERPOOL OH 40.631622 -80.54632 1,000 to 9,999

HUNTSMAN ADVANCED MATERIALS AMERICAS INC MC INTOSH AL 31.278056 -88.001667 100,000 to 999,999

HYDRITE CHEMICAL CO COTTAGE GROVE WI 43.076667 -89.202222 100,000 to 999,999




Pounds

IGM RESINS USA INC CHARLOTTE NC 35.132595 -80.960923

INNOSPEC ACTIVE CHEMICALS HIGH POINT NC 35.94997 -80.00957 1,000 to 9,999

INTERPLASTIC CORP MINNEAPOLIS MN 44.85371 -93.24043 100,000 to 999,999

INTERPLASTIC CORP PRYOR OK 36.23651 -95.27664 1,000,000 to 9,999,999

INTERPLASTIC CORP HAWTHORNE CA 33.92036 -118.31783 100,000 to 999,999

INTERPLASTIC CORP-FORT WRIGHT COVINGTON KY 39.04495 -84.51196 1,000,000 to 9,999,999

INVISTA SA RL-WILMINGTON WILMINGTON NC 34.31065 -77.98461 100,000 to 999,999

JONES-BLAIR CO DALLAS TX 32.831944 -96.845833

KEWAUNEE SCIENTIFIC CORP STATESVILLE NC 35.79202 -80.93176 10,000 to 99,999

KOPPERS INC CICERO IL 41.82055 -87.74929 10,000,000 to 49,999,999

LANXESS CORP GREENSBORO NC 36.03979 -79.77917 10,000 to 99,999

LANXESS SOLUTIONS US INC (FORMERLY CHEMTURA) FORDS NJ 40.525194 -74.319432

LINDAU CHEMICALS INC COLUMBIA SC 33.972163 -81.031547 10,000 to 99,999

NCP COATINGS INC NILES MI 41.8124 -86.2536 10,000 to 99,999

PFIZER PHARMACEUTICALS LLC BARCELONETA PR 18.432819 -66.571055 10,000 to 99,999

PHOENIX CHEMICAL CO CALHOUN GA 34.55349 -84.92779

PIEDMONT CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES I LLC HIGH POINT NC 35.93706 -80.03326 100,000 to 999,999

PILOT CHEMICAL CO LOCKLAND FACILITY LOCKLAND OH 39.236111 -84.461667 10,000 to 99,999

PIONEER PLASTICS CORP AUBURN ME 44.068056 -70.258333 100,000 to 999,999

POLYAD SERVICES LLC EARTH CITY MO 38.77142 -90.47139 10,000 to 99,999

POLYNT COMPOSITES USA INC CHATHAM VA 36.77779 -79.40889 100,000 to 999,999

POLYNT COMPOSITES USA INC FOREST PARK GA 33.614444 -84.386389 1,000,000 to 9,999,999

POLYNT COMPOSITES USA INC ENNIS TX 32.35549 -96.64333 100,000 to 999,999

POLYNT COMPOSITES USA INC MARSHALL TX 32.54481 -94.28919 100,000 to 999,999

POLYNT COMPOSITES USA INC HOUSTON TX 29.67204 -95.39162 1,000,000 to 9999,999

POLYNT COMPOSITES USA INC (FORMERLY PCCR USA) CARPENTERSVILLE IL 42.117976 -88.288061 100,0000 to 9999,999

PPG INDUSTRIES INC-OAK CREEK OAK CREEK WI 42.84874 -87.93297 10,000 to 99,999

PPG INDUSTRIES OHIO INC CIRCLEVILLE OH CIRCLEVILLE OH 39.55713 -82.94526 10,000 to 99,999

PRESSURE CHEMICAL CO PITTSBURGH PA 40.46327 -79.96851 10,000 to 99,999

PROVIRON INC FRIENDLY WV 39.475889 -81.101222 0 to 99

RANBAR ELECTRICAL MATERIALS LLC HARRISON CITY PA 40.34395 -79.66008 10,000 to 99,999

REICHHOLD LLC 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 30.326644 -81.745958 100,000 to 999,999




Pounds

REICHHOLD LLC 2 MORRIS IL 41.38888 -88.30116 100,000 to 999,999

REICHHOLD LLC 2 VALLEY PARK MO 38.550111 -90.487472 100,000 to 999,999

REICHHOLD LLC 2 HOUSTON TX 29.76598 -95.17991 100,000 to 999,999

REICHHOLD LLC 2 - AZUSA PLANT AZUSA CA 34.11966 -117.93488 100,000 to 999,999

REICHHOLD LLC2 PENSACOLA FL 30.4074 -87.241978 100,000 to 999,999

ROSS INCINERATION SERVICES INC GRAFTON OH 41.324167 -82.034722 10,000 to 99,999

SABIC INNOVATIVE PLASTICS MT VERNON LLC MOUNT VERNON IN 37.9072 -87.9271 100,000 to 999,999

SEYDEL COS JRS PLANT PENDERGRASS GA 34.15091 -83.66173

SHERWIN-WILLIAMS CO RICHMOND KY 37.720278 -84.285833 100,000 to 999,999

SHERWIN-WILLIAMS CO KANKAKEE IL 41.13015 -87.85634 100,000 to 999,999

SHERWIN-WILLIAMS CO GARLAND TX 32.905556 -96.666389 10,000 to 99,999

SICPA SECURINK CORP SPRINGFIELD VA 38.739806 -77.205083

SOLVAY USA INC LONG BEACH CA 33.843611 -118.216389

ST CHARLES OPERATIONS (TAFT/STAR) UNION CARBIDE HAHNVILLE LA 29.987341 -90.445067 100 to 999

STEPAN CO MILLSDALE ROAD ELWOOD IL 41.441667 -88.15972 1,000,000 to 9,999,999

STRUKTOL CO OF AMERICA STOW OH 41.181111 -81.501389 10,000 to 99,999

SYNRAY CORP KENILWORTH NJ 40.68091 -74.288354 10,000 to 99,999

TEKNOR APEX TENNESSEE CO (AKA HAYWOOD CO) BROWNSVILLE TN 35.6076 -89.2377 100,000 to 999,999

THE DOW CHEMICAL CO – LOUISIANA OPERATIONS PLAQUEMINE LA 30.320903 -91.239015 0 to 99

TM DEER PARK SERVICES LP DEER PARK TX 29.73427 -95.08986 1,000 to 9,999

TRECORA CHEMICAL INC PASADENA TX 29.63692 -95.04698 10,000 to 99,999

TWIN LAKE CHEMICAL INC LOCKPORT NY 43.184167 -78.699722

US POLYMERS - ACCUREZ LLC SAINT LOUIS MO 38.54362 -90.25832

VALTRIS SPECIALTY CHEMICALS-DELAWARE RIVER BRIDGEPORT NJ 39.792583 -75.395278 100,000 to 999,999

VEOLIA ES TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS LLC PORT ARTHUR PORT ARTHUR TX 29.853056 -94.095278 10,000 to 99,999

VERTELLUS GREENSBORO LLC GREENSBORO NC 36.05963 -79.82714 10,000 to 99,999

YENKIN-MAJESTIC PAINT CORPORAT ION COLUMBUS OH 39.98644 -82.95285 100,000 to 999,999

Source:


Notes: This table presents data from Part II, Section 4 of the Form R. Coordinates are taken from EPA’s FRS system.

For facilities that submitted multiple Form Rs, each submission is shown separately.


TRI Waste Managed

Table 2-12 provides the amount of phthalic anhydride waste managed in each of four waste

management categories at the 123 facilities. According to TRI data, the majority of phthalic

anhydride that is managed as waste is treated.

Table 2-12: Summary of Phthalic Anhydride TRI Production-Related Waste Managed in 2017 (lbs) Number

of Facilities

Recycling Energy

Recovery Treatment Releases a, b

Total Production Related Waste

123 2,288,544 1,286,203 16,887,340 324,191 20,786,278

Source:


Notes:

These data are taken from Part II, Section 8, and include on-site and off-site activities. “Recycling” is the sum of 8.4 and 8.5; “Energy

Recovery” is the sum of 8.2 and 8.3; “Treatment” is the sum of 8.6 and 8.7; and “Releases” is the sum of 8.1a through 8.1d. “Total Production Related Waste” is the sum of 8.1 through 8.7, or the other columns presented in the table. Note that this section includes

all of the pounds reported in Part II, Sections 5 and 6, and also includes additional waste management activities. For more information

see the TRI Guide Me page for Section 8.2 Because this table includes both on-site and off-site facilities, the “Number of Facilities” column includes both types. For off-site

facilities, FRS identifiers are used to reduce double-counting; that is, off-site facilities with the same FRS ID are assumed to be the

same and counted once. Similarly, off-site facilities with exact text matches for name and address are only counted once. Blank or incomplete off-site records are only counted once. Facilities that report zero rather than “NA” are included in the counts.

a Terminology used in these columns may not match the more detailed data element names used in the TRI public data and analysis

access points. b Does not include releases due to one-time event not associated with production such as remedial actions or earthquakes.

TRI Releases to the Environment

Table 2-13 provides the amount of phthalic anhydride that is released to the environment at the 123

facilities, by release category. According to TRI, the majority of the chemical that is released to the

environment is released through stack (or point) air emissions.

Table 2-13: Summary of Phthalic Anhydride TRI Releases to the Environment in 2017 (lbs)

Number of

Facilities

Air Releases

Water Releases

Land Releases

Total Releasesb

Stack Air Releases

Fugitive Air

Releases

Class I Under-ground

Injection

RCRA Subtitle

C Landfills

All other Land

Releasesa

123 213,795 33,413 23 29,747 1 0 276,979

Source:


Notes:

These data are taken from Part II, Section 5 of the Form R, and include only on-site releases (at the site of the TRI-reporting facility,

rather than an off-site facility where waste is transferred from the reporting facility). Note that zero can indicate 0.5 pounds or less,

including zero. Facilities are instructed to use “NA” if the chemical is not released to a certain medium, and those facilities are not

included in these counts. a Terminology used in these columns may not match the more detailed data element names used in the TRI public data and analysis

access points. b These release quantities do include releases due to one-time events not associated with production such as remedial actions or earthquakes.

2 https://ofmpub.epa.gov/apex/guideme_ext/f?p=guideme:rfi:::::rfi:4_8_1_1

https://ofmpub.epa.gov/apex/guideme_ext/f?p=guideme:rfi:::::rfi:4_8_1_1


TRI Waste Treatment by Waste Type

Table 2-14 summarizes the amount of phthalic anhydride and the number of reporting sites associated

with each waste release category reported under the 2017 TRI.

Table 2-14: Summary of 2017 TRI Releases for Phthalic Anhydride

Waste Type Release Category TRI Category Volume from TRI

(lbs)

Number of Reporting

Sites from TRI

Emissions to Air Emissions to Air Fugitive Air 33,413 92

Stack Air 213,795 93

Other Release

Totals Other Release Totals

Total Production Related Waste 20,786,278 100

Total One-Time Release Waste 65,995 27

Total Waste Managed 20,852,273 121

Solid Wastes

Hazardous and Municipal

Waste Landfills

RCRA Subtitle C Landfills 10,190 7

Other Landfills 11,498 41

Other Land Releases Land treatment / application . 0

Other land treatment 6,665 12

Surface Impoundments

RCRA Subtitle C surface

impoundments . 0

Other surface impoundments 0 1

Waste Treatment and

Management Methods

Off-site Incineration 575,801 44

Onsite Treatment 16,308,323 35

Energy Recovery 1,286,203 34

Other Off-site treatment 25,523 27

Transfer to Storage-Only Facility 4,650 3

Recycling 2,288,544 7

Wastewater or

Liquid Wastes

Industrial Pre-Treatment

(indirect discharge) POTW

25,788 25

Industrial WWT (direct

discharge) Water

23 12

Industrial WWT (indirect

discharge) Off-site WWT (non-POTW)

15,461 12

Underground Injection Class I Underground Injection 30,398 7

Class II-V Underground Injection . 0

Source:


Notes:

This table includes data from Part II, Sections 5, 6, and 8 of the Form R. The last column shows each volume as the percent of total waste managed. Total waste managed is used as the denominator, rather than production-related waste managed, because Sections 5

and 6 include one-time released waste. One-time released waste is shown as a separate item in this table, but it is included in the other

categories in the table that are taken from Sections 5 and 6; that is, all of the rows in “Wastewater or Liquid Wastes”, “Solid Wastes”, and “Emissions to Air” will generally sum to “Total Waste Managed”, although in some cases the values may differ slightly

(suggested calculated values in TRI reporting software ensure that sums match, but reporting facilities can override those values).

Because this table includes both on-site and off-site facilities, the “Number of Facilities” column includes both types. For off-site facilities, FRS identifiers are used to reduce double-counting; that is, off-site facilities with the same FRS ID are assumed to be the

same and counted once. Similarly, off-site facilities with exact text matches for name and address are only counted once. Blank or

incomplete off-site records are only counted once. Facilities that report zero rather than “NA” are included in the counts.


Use Information

Summary of Uses

According to the NLM’s Hazardous Substance Databank (2015), phthalic anhydride is an important

intermediate in the chemical industry. Based on all of the sources described throughout this chapter,

the types of end-use products that are produced using phthalic anhydride are summarized below.

Adhesives and Sealants

One company reporting to CDR (U.S. EPA 2017a), Chempoint, indicated that the chemical is used as

an oxidizing/reducing agent in the adhesive manufacturing sector. Additionally, Colonial Chemical

Solutions Inc. reported use as an intermediate in the “All other chemical product and preparation

manufacturing sector” and indicated a consumer use of adhesives and sealants. Two facilities in the

adhesives sector reported to TRI for phthalic anhydride. The Aerospace Industries Association (AIA)

informed EPA that phthalic anhydride is used in epoxy adhesives, cyanoacrylate adhesives, and

mounting adhesives for metallography and analytical sample preparation that are used in the

aerospace industry (EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0459-0005).

Aerospace

The Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) informed EPA that phthalic anhydride is a constituent

within products or formulations for the manufacture, operation and maintenance of aerospace

products. AIA notes that specific aerospace industrial uses include, but may not be limited to: epoxy

adhesives, cyanoacrylate adhesives, mounting adhesives for metallography and analytical sample

preparation, electrical potting compounds, low density sealants, and silicone alkyd coatings for

exterior use on naval vessels. These materials are qualified for use in numerous federal, military,

industry and company proprietary specifications. In addition to material and process specification

qualification, products manufactured using these materials and processes are certified/approved by

civil aviation airworthiness authorities and DoD customers (EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0459-0005).

Automotive Parts (Transportation Equipment Manufacturing)

The Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers identified phthalic anhydride in 253 parts and informed

EPA that in the IMDS data system, phthalic anhydride is listed in approximately 22,250 parts. These

parts are found mostly in the body/exterior, interior, and electrical systems of the vehicle, and include

wiring assemblies, seat and console assemblies, and lamp assemblies. The average scope of the

relative mass of phthalic anhydride in the parts from the Alliance’s data collection is less than 0.13

gram (EPA-HQ-OPPT-2019-0131-0022). Substances in Preparations in Nordic Countries identifies

use of phthalic anhydride in the manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers, the

manufacture of other transport equipment, and building of ships and boats in Nordic countries (SPIN

2019).

Building / Construction

One company reporting to CDR (U.S. EPA 2017a), Mitsui & Co., indicated that the phthalic

anhydride is used as a plasticizer in the construction industry. NLM’s Hazardous Substance Databank

(2015) identifies the chemical as a construction material. Three facilities in the “Cement

Manufacturing” sector and three facilities in the “Institutional Furniture Manufacturing” sector

reported to TRI for phthalic anhydride.


Chemical Manufacturing

Five sites reporting to the CDR (U.S. EPA 2017a) indicated that phthalic anhydride is used in the

“All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing” sector. One of these sites reported that the

chemical is used as an ion exchange agent; at the remaining sites, phthalic anhydride is used as an

intermediate. NLM’s Hazardous Substance Databank (2015) identifies use of this chemical in the

manufacture of chemicals such as phthalates (including diallyl, diethyl, and dimethyl phthalates),

benzoic acid, and urethane polyester polyols, dioctyl phthalates-eg, di(2-ethylhexyl), other phthalate

plasticizers-eg, dibutyl, isatoic anhydride, halogenated phthalic anhydrides, diallyl phthalate, urethane

polyester polyols, and phenolphthalein. Eighteen facilities in the “All Other Basic Organic Chemical

Manufacturing” sector, four facilities in the “Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing” sector,

two facilities in the “Petrochemical Manufacturing” sector, two facilities in the “Cyclic Crude,

Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing” sector, and eight facilities in the “All

Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing” sector reported to TRI for

phthalic anhydride.

The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) identifies use of phthalic anhydride as an intermediate in

the manufacture of fine and bulk, large-scale chemicals in European countries (ECHA 2019). SPIN

(2019) reports use of this chemical in the manufacture of chemicals and chemical products, and as a

process regulator, in Nordic countries.

Dyes, Inks, and Pigments

One company reporting to the CDR (U.S. EPA 2017a), Koppers Inc., indicated that phthalic

anhydride is used both in the printing ink manufacturing sector in ink, toner, and colorant products,

and in the synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing sector, as a pigment in surface treating. Another

company reporting to the CDR (U.S. EPA 2017a) also indicated that phthalic anhydride is used in the

synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing sector as a dye in ink, toner, and colorant products. NLM’s

Hazardous Substance Databank (2015) identifies use of this chemical as an intermediate for dyes and

pigments, and in the manufacture of synthetic indigo and phthaleins, a class of dyes. Kirk-Othmer

(2009, 2012) identifies use of phthalic anhydride in the synthesis of colorants and to derive D&C

Yellow Nos. 10 & 11. Four facilities in the “Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing” sector

reported to TRI for phthalic anhydride.

SPIN (2019) reports use of phthalic anhydride in the manufacture of printing inks and mastics, in

colorants, and fixing and reprographic agents in Nordic countries.

Electrical and Electronic Products

One company reporting to CDR (U.S. EPA 2017a), the Huntsman Corporation, indicated that

phthalic anhydride is used as an intermediate in the “All other chemical product and preparation

manufacturing:” sector and indicated a consumer use of electrical and electronic products.

Energy Production (Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support Activities)

Phthalic anhydride has been found in two products used in hydraulic fracturing, based on a study of

MSDS for hydraulic fracturing products used between 2005 and 2009, performed by the U.S. House

of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce (U.S. House of Representatives, 2011).

Additionally, the Environmental Defense Fund reports that phthalic anhydride is found in produced


water (the fluid brought up from the hydrocarbon-bearing strata during the extraction of oil and

gas, and includes, where present, formation water, injection water, and any chemicals added

downhole or during the oil/water separation process), based on an analysis of the FracFocus

Chemical Disclosure Registry (EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0459-0014).

Flame Retardants

Phthalic anhydride was identified as an intermediate in the production of flame retardants for

polyesterpolyols (OECD 2005, U.S. EPA 1994)

Food Packing Materials

Phthalic anhydride has been identified for use in the manufacture of food packaging materials

including liners, adhesives, coatings, PET-based bottles, paper based materials, lubricants in PVC

films and inks (Environment and Climate Change Canada 2017).

Laboratory Use

Phthalic anhydride is used as a laboratory chemical, such as in a chemical reference mixture. At least

four laboratory products containing phthalic anhydride have been identified (see Table 2-16).

Lubricants and Greases

One company reporting to the CDR (U.S. EPA 2017), Delsi Corporation, indicated that phthalic

anhydride is used in the Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing sector, as a lubricant or

lubricant additive. The consumer use product category associated with this use was lubricants and

greases.

Miscellaneous

The Stepan Company, a manufacturer of phthalic anhydride, notes on its website that the

chemical is used in boat hulls, shower stalls, wire coating and insulation, garden hoses, vinyl

wallpaper (Stepan 2020).

Paints and Coatings

Eight companies reporting to CDR (U.S. EPA 2017a) indicated that phthalic anhydride is used in the

paint and coating manufacturing sector. Uses of the chemical included adhesives and sealant

chemicals; intermediates; and paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories.

The American Coatings Association (ACA), in a comment to the public docket, confirmed that

phthalic anhydride is used to manufacture plasticizers that are used in synthetic resins, which are raw

materials used to formulate paints, coatings, sealants and adhesives, for both industrial and consumer

markets. ACA explains that specifically:

[P]hthalic anhydride is used as a monomer in synthetic resins such as glyptal, alkyd resins, and

polyester resins. Polyester resins are used in OEM, refinish and industrial coatings. … Alkyd resins are

used as binders in several types of coatings, both for industrial and consumer use. As such, alkyd resins

aid the curing process to form a solid as paint dries. Coatings with alkyd resins have fast drying times,

high performance properties and can be applied to a variety of substrates. Formulators note they are

also a cost effective raw material, in addition to their performance properties. (EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-

0459-0004)


The Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) informed U.S. EPA that phthalic anhydride is used in

low density sealants, and silicone alkyd coatings for exterior use on naval vessels (EPA-HQ-OPPT-

2018-0459-0005).

Furthermore, NLM’s Hazardous Substance Databank (2015) identifies use of this chemical in in

paints, lacquers, and varnishes, as a binding agent for paints and adhesives. NLM also identifies use

of phthalic anhydride in coatings for home appliances, automobiles, medical devices and furniture.

Kirk-Othmer (2013) identifies use of this chemical to make alkyd resins in coatings. Fourteen

facilities in the “Paint and Coating Manufacturing” sector and one facility in the “Paper Bag and

Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing” sector reported to TRI for phthalic anhydride.

ECHA (2019) and SPIN (2019) identify use of phthalic anhydride in paint and coating manufacturing

in European and Nordic countries, respectively. SPIN also reports use in corrosion inhibitors and

surface treatment agents in Nordic countries. Environment and Climate Change Canada (2017) noted

that phthalic anhydride was identified in several spray paints and a floor polish available to

consumers in Canada.

Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing.

One company reporting to the CDR (U.S. EPA 2017a) reported use of phthalic anhydride as an

intermediate in pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing. One company in the pharmaceutical

preparation manufacturing sector reported to the 2017 TRI for phthalic anhydride. Hawley’s

Condensed Chemical Dictionary (2016) identifies the use of phthalic anhydride as a pharmaceutical

intermediate. Lanxess (2019) lists “pharmaceutical industry/biotechnology” and “manufacturing of

pharmaceutical agents” as applications of phthalic anhydride.

Plastics and Resins

Seven companies reporting to the CDR (U.S. EPA 2017a) indicated that phthalic anhydride is used in

the Plastic material and resin manufacturing sector. Uses included as an intermediate, as an

oxidizing/reducing agent, as an additive in paints and coatings, and as a plasticizer in

building/construction materials. Two companies reporting to the CDR (U.S. EPA 2017a) indicated

that phthalic anhydride is used in the Plastics product manufacturing sector. Uses included as a

plasticizer in plastic and rubber products, and as a plastic in paints and coatings. One company

reporting to the CDR (U.S. EPA 2017a) indicated that phthalic anhydride is used in the custom

compounding of purchased resin sector, as a plasticizer in plastic and rubber products. NLM’s

Hazardous Substance Databank (2015) identifies use of this chemical in the manufacture of glyptal,

an artificial resin, as a chemical intermediate for unsaturated polyester and alkyd resins, and as a

hardener for resins. The HSDB also identifies use of phthalic anhydride in polyester resins that

contact food. Forty-five facilities in the “Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing sector” and two

facilities in the “Custom Compounding of Purchased Resins” sector reported to TRI for phthalic

anhydride.

SPIN (2019) reports use of phthalic anhydride in the manufacture of rubber and plastic products in

Nordic countries.


Surface Treating

One company reporting to the CDR, Koppers Inc., indicated commercial use of phthalic anhydride

in surface treating (U.S. EPA 2017a). Four companies in the surface active agent manufacturing

sector, and one company in the paper bag and coated and treated paper manufacturing sector reported

to the 2017 TRI for phthalic anhydride. Substances in Preparations in Nordic Countries identifies use

of phthalic anhydride in surface treatment and corrosion inhibitors in Nordic countries (SPIN 2019).

Danish EPA identifies the presence of phthalic anhydride in surface-treated wooden toys in Denmark

(Danish EPA 2005b).

Synthetic Rubber

One company reporting to the CDR (U.S. EPA 2019a), Chempoint, indicated that phthalic anhydride

is used in the synthetic rubber manufacturing as an oxidizing/reducing agent. NLM’s Hazardous

Substance Databank (2015) identifies use of phthalic anhydride as a rubber retarder and scorch

inhibitor for rubber stocks, as well as a light- and heat-stabilizer for polyolefins. Ullmann’s (2016)

identifies phthalic anhydride in polyester resin used in rubber composite materials. One facility in the

“Rubber Product Manufacturing for Mechanical Use” sector reported to TRI for phthalic anhydride.

SPIN reports use of phthalic anhydride in the manufacture of rubber and plastic products in Nordic

countries (SPIN 2019).

Textiles, Apparel, and Leather Manufacturing

One company reporting to the CDR (U.S. EPA 2017a), Dystar LP, indicated that phthalic anhydride

is used in the textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing sector as a filler. Kirk-Othmer (2015)

identifies use of this chemical as a flame retardant in polyesters. NLM’s Hazardous Substance

Databank (2015) identifies use of phthalic anhydride in the manufacture of synthetic fibers. EPA

identified phthalic anhydride as used as a tanning and curing agent (U.S. EPA 1994).

Tier 1 Uses of Phthalic Anhydride

Uses are divided into Tier 1 and Tier 2 uses. Those in Tier 1 generally have more information to

support the accuracy of the use. For instance, these uses may be identified from sources where

manufacturers and producers self- report the information or have been confirmed by identification of

the chemical on a product SDS. They are found in Table 2-15. Tier 2 uses are other uses that may be

historic, non-TSCA use, or more anecdotal are found in the table in Appendix B.

Table 2-15: Tier 1 Uses of Phthalic Anhydride

Activity or Chemical Function

Sector or Product Type

Expected Users

Comments and References

Manufacturing

Manufacture

Industrial The 2016 CDR reports manufacture of phthalic anhydride

Import Industrial The 2016 CDR reports import of phthalic anhydride





Expected Users


Processing

Processing as

a reactant

All other basic

organic chemical

manufacturing

Industrial U.S. EPA 2017a, U.S. EPA 2014a, U.S. EPA 2019a, U.S. NLM

2015

The 2016 and 2012 CDR reports use of phthalic anhydride as an

intermediate in all other basic organic chemical manufacturing.

Eighteen companies in the all other basic organic chemical

manufacturing sector reported to the 2017 TRI for phthalic

anhydride. The NLM’s Hazardous Substances Databank

identifies the use of phthalic anhydride as a chemical

intermediate for dioctyl phthalates-eg, di(2-ethylhexyl), other

phthalate plasticizers-eg, dibutyl, insect repellents-eg, dimethyl

phthalate, unsaturated polyester resins, alkyd resins, dyes and

pigments, isatoic anhydride, halogenated phthalic anhydrides,

diallyl phthalate, urethane polyester polyols, phenolphthalein

(citing SRI, undated).

Industrial U.S. EPA 2017a, U.S. EPA 2014a, U.S. NLM 2015

The 2016 and 2012 CDR report use of phthalic anhydride as ion

exchange agents in all other basic organic chemical

manufacturing. The NLM’s Hazardous Substances Databank

identifies the use of phthalic anhydride in the manufacture of

phthaleins, phthalates, benzoic acid, synthetic indigo, and

artificial resins (glyptal) as buffer (citing the 2013 Merck Index).

Miscellaneous

Manufacturing

Industrial U.S. EPA 2014a, U.S. NLM 2015

The 2012 CDR reports use of phthalic anhydride as corrosion

inhibitors and anti-scaling agents in miscellaneous

manufacturing. The NLM’s Hazardous Substances Databank

identifies the use of phthalic anhydride in cleaning and washing

agents (citing a 2005 OECD report).

Paint and coating

manufacturing

Industrial U.S. EPA 2017a, SPIN 2019, U.S. NLM 2015

The 2016 CDR reports use of phthalic anhydride as adhesives

and sealant chemicals in paint and coating manufacturing. SPIN

identifies use of phthalic anhydride as a binding agent for paints,

adhesives, etc. in Nordic countries, as recently as 2017. The

NLM’s Hazardous Substances Databank identifies the use of

phthalic anhydride as a binding agent for paints (citing a 2005

OECD report).

Industrial U.S. EPA 2014a, SPIN 2019

The 2012 CDR reports use of phthalic anhydride as paint

additives and coating additives not described by other categories

in Paint and Coating Manufacturing. SPIN identifies use of

phthalic anhydride in manufacture of paints, varnishes and

similar coatings, printing ink and mastics in Nordic countries, as

recently as 2017.

Petroleum

lubricating oil and

grease

manufacturing

Industrial U.S. EPA 2017a

The 2016 CDR reports use of phthalic anhydride as lubricants

and lubricant additives in petroleum lubricating oil and grease

manufacturing.





Expected Users


Plastic material and

resin manufacturing

Industrial U.S. EPA 2017a, U.S. EPA 2014a, U.S. EPA 2019a

The 2016 and 2012 CDR reports use of phthalic anhydride as

intermediates in Plastic material and resin manufacturing. Forty-

five companies in the plastic material and resin manufacturing

sector reported to the 2017 TRI for phthalic anhydride.

Industrial U.S. EPA 2017a, U.S. NLM 2015



in plastic material and resin manufacturing. The NLM’s

Hazardous Substances Databank identifies the use of phthalic

anhydride as a curing agent for epoxy resins (citing SRI,

undated).

Plastics product

manufacturing


The 2016 CDR reports use of phthalic anhydride as plastics in

plastics product manufacturing.

Printing ink

manufacturing


The 2016 CDR reports use of phthalic anhydride as Inks in

printing ink manufacturing.

Rubber Product

Manufacturing

Industrial U.S. EPA 2014a, U.S. EPA 2019a, U.S. NLM 2015, Ullmann’s

2016

The 2012 CDR reports use of phthalic anhydride as plating

agents and surface treating agents in rubber product

manufacturing. One company in the rubber product

manufacturing for mechanical use sector, and one in the all other

rubber product manufacturing sector reported to the 2017 TRI

for phthalic anhydride. The NLM’s Hazardous Substances

Databank identifies the use of phthalic anhydride as a rubber

retarder and a scorch inhibitor for rubber stocks (citing the 1990

Chemcyclopedia). Ullmann’s identifies phthalic anhydride as a

polyester resin used in rubber composite materials.

Synthetic dye and

pigment

manufacturing

Industrial U.S. EPA 2017a, U.S. EPA 2019a, Hawley’s 2016, Kirk-Othmer

2012

The 2016 CDR reports use of phthalic anhydride as a pigment in

synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing. Four companies in the

Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing reported to the 2017

TRI for phthalic anhydride. Hawley’s Condensed Chemical

Dictionary lists the synthesis of phenolphthalein and other

phthaleins, and many other dyes, as uses for phthalic anhydride.

Kirk-Othmer identifies use phthalic anhydride chemical to derive

D&C Yellow Nos. 10 & 11.

Processing—

incorporation

into

formulation,

mixture, or

reaction

Adhesive

manufacturing

Industrial U.S. EPA 2017a, U.S. EPA 2019a

The 2016 CDR reports use of phthalic anhydride as

oxidizing/reducing agents in adhesive manufacturing. Two

companies in the adhesive manufacturing sector reported to the

2017 TRI for phthalic anhydride.





Expected Users


product Asphalt Paving,

Roofing, and

Coating Materials

Manufacturing




in asphalt paving, roofing, and coating materials manufacturing.

All other chemical

product and

preparation

manufacturing

Industrial U.S. EPA 2017a, U.S. EPA 2014a, U.S. EPA 2009, SPIN 2019

The 2016 and 2012 CDR report use of phthalic anhydride as

intermediates in all other chemical product and preparation

manufacturing. Eight companies in the all other miscellaneous

chemical product and preparation manufacturing sector reported

to the 2017 TRI for phthalic anhydride. SPIN identifies use of

phthalic anhydride in manufacture of chemicals and chemical

products in Nordic countries, as recently as 2017.

Construction Industrial U.S. EPA 2017a, U.S. EPA 2019a, SPIN 2019

The 2016 CDR reports use of phthalic anhydride as plasticizers

in construction. Three companies in the cement manufacturing

sector reported to the 2017 TRI for phthalic anhydride. SPIN

identifies use of phthalic anhydride in specialized construction

activities in Nordic countries, as recently as 2017.

Custom

compounding of

purchased resin



in custom compounding of purchased resin. Two companies in

the custom compounding of purchased resins sector reported to

the 2017 TRI for phthalic anhydride.

Paint and coating

manufacturing



adhesives and sealant chemicals in paint and coating

manufacturing

Industrial U.S. EPA 2017a, U.S. EPA 2019a, Lanxess 2019, Koppers 2019,

The Chemical Company 2019


intermediates in paint and coating manufacturing. Fourteen

companies in the paint and coating manufacturing sector

reported to the 2017 TRI for phthalic anhydride. Lanxess lists

coatings as an application of phthalic anhydride. Koppers

identifies alkyd resins for coating applications as a major end-

use market for phthalic anhydride and polyester polyols as

another use. The Chemical Company identifies alkyd resins used

in paints and lacquers and urethane polyester polyols as minor

uses for phthalic anhydride.




in paint and coating manufacturing.





Expected Users


Petrochemical

Manufacturing



in petrochemical manufacturing. Two companies in the

petrochemical manufacturing sector reported to the 2017 TRI

that they manufacture phthalic anhydride; one of these

companies uses it for onsite use/processing and for

sale/distribution, and the other one manufactures it as a

byproduct.

Pharmaceutical and

medicine

manufacturing

Industrial U.S. EPA 2017a, U.S. EPA 2019a, Hawley’s 2016, Lanxess

2019


intermediates in pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing.

One company in the pharmaceutical preparation manufacturing

sector reported to the 2017 TRI for phthalic anhydride. Hawley’s

Condensed Chemical Dictionary identifies the use of phthalic

anhydride as a pharmaceutical intermediate. Lanxess lists

“pharmaceutical industry/biotechnology” and “manufacturing of

pharmaceutical agents” as applications of phthalic anhydride.

Plastics material

and resin

manufacturing

Industrial U.S. EPA 2014a, The Chemical Company 2019, U.S. NLM 2015


intermediates in plastics material and resin manufacturing. The

Chemical Company indicates that primary use of their phthalic

anhydride is as a chemical intermediate in the production of

plastics from vinyl chloride, and that another major use is in the

production of polyester resins. The NLM’s Hazardous

Substances Databank identifies the use of phthalic anhydride as a

monomer for synthetic resins such as glyptal, the alkyd resins,

and the polyester resins intended for contact with food (citing a

2000 journal article).



oxidizing/reducing agents in plastic material and resin

manufacturing



paint additives and coating additives not described by other

categories in plastic material and resin manufacturing

Industrial U.S. EPA 2017a, Koppers 2019


in plastic material and resin manufacturing. Koppers (2019)

identifies phthalate plasticizers and polyester resins as major

end-use markets for phthalic anhydride.





Expected Users


Plastics product

manufacturing

Industrial U.S. EPA 2017a, Lanxess 2019, SPIN 2019


in plastics product manufacturing. Lanxess (2019) lists “hardener

and crosslinking agents for polymers,” “manufacturing of

plastics,” “plastic and rubber polymers,” “polymer auxiliaries,”

and “plasticizers for polymers” as applications for phthalic

anhydride. SPIN identifies use of phthalic anhydride in

Manufacture of rubber and plastic products, and as Raw

materials for production of plastics, in Nordic countries, as

recently as 2017.

Synthetic dye and

pigment

manufacturing


The 2016 CDR reports use of phthalic anhydride as dyes in

synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing.

Industrial U.S. EPA 2014a, Lanxess 2019, Koppers 2019, Kirk-Othmer

2009, U.S. NLM 2015

The 2012 CDR reports use of phthalic anhydride as Paint


in synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing. Lanxess lists

dyestuffs (including for paper and textiles), pigments, optical

brighteners, and colorants for paper as applications of phthalic

anhydride. Koppers identifies the manufacture of dye

intermediates and pigments as uses of phthalic anhydride. Kirk-

Othmer identifies use of phthalic anhydride in the synthesis of

colorants. NLM’s Hazardous Substances Databank identifies the

use of phthalic anhydride as an intermediate in the production of

pigments and dyes (citing a 2005 OECD report).

Synthetic rubber

manufacturing

Industrial U.S. EPA 2017a, Lanxess 2019, SPIN 2019


oxidizing/reducing agents in synthetic rubber manufacturing.

Lanxess (2019) lists rubber polymers as an application of

phthalic anhydride. SPIN identifies use of phthalic anhydride in

Manufacture of rubber and plastic products in Nordic countries,

as recently as 2017.

Textiles, apparel,

and leather

manufacturing

Industrial U.S. EPA 2017a, Kirk-Othmer 2015, Lanxess 2019

The 2016 CDR reports use of phthalic anhydride as fillers in

textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing. Kirk-Othmer

identifies use of this chemical as a flame retardant in polyesters.

Lanxess lists polyester, textile industry, and textile dyestuffs as

applications for phthalic anhydride.

Wholesale and

retail trade



oxidizing/reducing agents in wholesale and retail trade. SPIN

identifies use of phthalic anhydride in wholesale of chemical

products in Nordic countries, as recently as 2016.





Expected Users


Consumer and Commercial Use

Intermediate Flame retardants Commercial OECD 2005, U.S. EPA 1994

Phthalic anhydride was identified as an intermediate in the

production of flame retardants for polyesterpolyols.

Laboratory

chemical

Laboratory use Commercial Various SDS (see Table 2-16)

Phthalic anhydride is used as a laboratory reference material, etc.

Unknown Adhesives and

sealants

Commercial U.S. EPA 2017a, U.S. EPA 2014a, SPIN 2019, Ullmann’s 2010.

The 2016 and 2012 CDR report commercial use of phthalic

anhydride in adhesives and sealants. SPIN identifies use of

phthalic anhydride in Adhesives and binding agents in Nordic

countries, as recently as 2017. Ullmann’s identifies use in

anaerobic adhesives.

Unknown Automobiles and

Transport

equipment

Industrial EPA-HQ-OPPT-2019-0131-0022, SPIN 2019

The Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers identified phthalic

anhydride in 253 parts and informed EPA that in the IMDS data

system, phthalic anhydride is listed in approximately 22,250

parts. These parts are found mostly in the body/exterior, interior,

and electrical systems of the vehicle, and include wiring

assemblies, seat and console assemblies, and lamp assemblies.

The average scope of the relative mass of phthalic anhydride in

the parts from the Alliance’s data collection is less than 0.13

gram. SPIN identifies use of phthalic anhydride in the

manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers, the

manufacture of other transport equipment, and building of ships

and boats in Nordic countries, as recently as 2017.

Unknown Building/constructi

on materials not

covered elsewhere

Commercial U.S. EPA 2017a, U.S. EPA 2014a, U.S. NLM 2015, SPIN 2019

The 2016 and 2012 CDR report commercial use of phthalic

anhydride in Building/construction materials not covered

elsewhere. The NLM’s Hazardous Substances Databank

identifies the use of phthalic anhydride as a construction material

(citing a 2005 OECD report). SPIN identifies use of phthalic

anhydride in construction materials and insulating materials in

Nordic countries, as recently as 2016

Unknown Electrical and

electronic products

Commercial U.S. EPA 2017a, SPIN 2019, Danish EPA 2005a

The 2016 CDR reports commercial use of phthalic anhydride in

electrical and electronic products. SPIN identifies use of phthalic

anhydride Repair and installation of machinery and equipment in

Nordic countries, as recently as 2017. Danish EPA identifies

phthalic anhydride as a chemical substance in electrical and

electronic products in Denmark.





Expected Users


Unknown Energy production Commercial U.S. House of Representatives 2011, EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-

0459-0014

Phthalic anhydride has been found in two products used in

hydraulic fracturing, based on a study of MSDS for hydraulic

fracturing products used between 2005 and 2009, performed by

the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Energy and

Commerce. Additionally, the Environmental Defense Fund

reports that phthalic anhydride is found in produced water (the

fluid brought up from the hydrocarbon-bearing strata during the

extraction of oil and gas, and includes, where present, formation

water, injection water, and any chemicals added downhole or

during the oil/water separation process), based on an analysis of

the FracFocus Chemical Disclosure Registry.

Unknown Food packaging

materials

Commercial Environment Canada 2017

Phthalic anhydride has been identified for use in the manufacture

of food packaging materials including liners, adhesives,

coatings, PET-based bottles, paper based materials, lubricants in

PVC films and inks.

Unknown Fuels and Related

Products

Commercial U.S. EPA 2014a


fuels and related products

Unknown Ink, toner, and

colorant products

Commercial U.S. EPA 2017a, U.S. EPA 2019a, SPIN 2019


Ink, toner, and colorant products. One company in the printing

ink manufacturing sector reported to the 2017 TRI for phthalic

anhydride. SPIN identifies use of phthalic anhydride in

reprographic agents and coloring agents in Nordic countries, as

recently as 2017.

Unknown Lubricants and

greases



Lubricants and greases

Unknown Paints and coatings Commercial

/ consumer

U.S. EPA 2017a, U.S. EPA 2014a, U.S. NLM 2015, SPIN 2019

The 2016 and 2012 CDR report consumer/commercial use of

phthalic anhydride in paints and coatings. The NLM’s

Hazardous Substances Databank identifies the use of phthalic

anhydride in paints, lacquers, and varnishes. The HSDB also

notes that phthalic anhydride-containing materials are used in

coatings applications for home appliances, automobiles, medical

devices and furniture (citing a 2005 OECD report). SPIN

identifies use of phthalic anhydride in paints, lacquers and

varnishes in Nordic countries, as recently as 2017. The ECHA

registration dossier for phthalic anhydride reports its Consumer

use in paints and coatings





Expected Users


Unknown Personal care

products

Commercial U.S. EPA 2017a, U.S. EPA 2019a


personal care products. One company in the Soap and Other

Detergent Manufacturing reported to the 2017 TRI for phthalic

anhydride.

Unknown Plastic and rubber

products not

covered elsewhere



Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere

Unknown Surface treating Commercial U.S. EPA 2017a, U.S. EPA 2019a, SPIN 2019, Danish EPA

2005b


surface treating. Four companies in the surface active agent

manufacturing sector, and one company in the paper bag and

coated and treated paper manufacturing sector reported to the

2017 TRI for phthalic anhydride. SPIN identifies use of phthalic

anhydride in surface treatment and corrosion inhibitors in Nordic

countries, as recently as 2017. Danish EPA identifies the

presence of phthalic anhydride in surface-treated wooden toys in

Denmark.

Unknown Synthetic fibers Commercial

/ consumer

U.S. NLM 2015

The NLM’s Hazardous Substances Databank identifies the use of

phthalic anhydride in manufacturing synthetic fibers (citing the

2001 Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals)

Recycling and Disposal

Recycling All Other Basic

Organic

Chemical

Manufacturing


2017 TRI data reports that phthalic anhydride was recycled by

Proviron Inc.

Custom

Compounding of

Purchased Resins



TEKNOR APEX TENNESSEE CO (AKA HAYWOOD CO).

Cyclic Crude,

Intermediate,

and Gum and Wood

Chemical

Manufacturing



Koppers Inc.

Plastics Material

and Resin

Manufacturing



POLYNT COMPOSITES USA INC

(FORMERLY PCCR USA) and ASHLAND LLC.

Disposal –

Stack Air

Adhesive

Manufacturing


2017 TRI data reports that phthalic anhydride was released via

stack air by two facilities.





Expected Users


All Other Basic

Organic Chemical

Manufacturing



stack air by seven facilities.

All Other

Miscellaneous

Chemical Product

and Preparation

Manufacturing



stack air by one facility.

Cement

Manufacturing




Custom

Compounding of

Purchased Resins




Cyclic Crude,

Intermediate, and

Gum and Wood

Chemical

Manufacturing




Hazardous Waste

Treatment and

Disposal



stack air by four facilities.

Institutional

Furniture

Manufacturing




Other Basic

Inorganic Chemical

Manufacturing



stack air by three facilities.

Paint and Coating

Manufacturing



stack air by 8 facilities.

Paper Bag and

Coated and Treated

Paper

Manufacturing




Petrochemical

Manufacturing




Pharmaceutical

Preparation

Manufacturing








Expected Users


Plastics Material

and Resin

Manufacturing



stack air by 36 facilities.

Rubber Product

Manufacturing for

Mechanical Use




Soap and Other

Detergent

Manufacturing




Solid Waste

Combustors and

Incinerators




Surface Active

Agent

Manufacturing




Synthetic Dye and

Pigment

Manufacturing




Disposal –

Fugitive Air

Adhesive

Manufacturing



fugitive air by one facility.

All Other Basic

Organic Chemical

Manufacturing



fugitive air by nine facilities.

All Other

Miscellaneous

Chemical Product

and Preparation

Manufacturing




Cement

Manufacturing



fugitive air by three facilities.

Custom

Compounding of

Purchased Resins




Cyclic Crude,

Intermediate, and

Gum and Wood

Chemical

Manufacturing








Expected Users


Hazardous Waste

Treatment and

Disposal



fugitive air by five facilities.

Institutional

Furniture

Manufacturing




Other Basic

Inorganic Chemical

Manufacturing



fugitive air by two facilities.

Paint and Coating

Manufacturing



fugitive air by seven facilities.

Paper Bag and

Coated and Treated

Paper

Manufacturing




Petrochemical

Manufacturing




Plastics Material

and Resin

Manufacturing



fugitive air by 33 facilities.

Rubber Product

Manufacturing for

Mechanical Use




Soap and Other

Detergent

Manufacturing




Synthetic Dye and

Pigment

Manufacturing




Solid Waste

Combustors and

Incinerators




Surface Active

Agent

Manufacturing








Expected Users


Disposal –

Water

All Other

Miscellaneous

Chemical Product

and Preparation

Manufacturing



release to water by one facility.

Plastics Material

and Resin

Manufacturing



release to water by one facility.

Class I

Underground

Injection

All Other Basic

Organic Chemical

Manufacturing



Class I Underground Injection by one facility.

RCRA

Subtitle C

Landfill

Plastics Material

and Resin

Manufacturing



RCRA Subtitle C Landfill by one facility.

Products Containing Phthalic Anhydride

This section includes a sample of products containing phthalic anhydride, based on the most recent

SDS for each product that was found. This is not a comprehensive list of products containing phthalic

anhydride. In addition, some manufacturers may appear over-represented in this table. This may mean

that they are more likely to disclose product ingredients online than other manufacturers, but does not

imply anything about use of the chemical compared to other manufacturers in this sector.

Additionally, the existence of an SDS for a product SDS does not necessarily mean that it the product

currently contains Phthalic anhydride or that the product is still on the market. EPA attempted to

locate the most recent SDS for each product (and does not include in the table any products for which

the previous, but not the current, SDS lists phthalic anhydride). Products considered to be “currently

on the market” as indicated in the sixth column in Table 2-16 are those that were identified as

currently for sale (e.g. through an online vendor or by requesting a quote from the manufacturer), as

of December 2019.


Table 2-16: Products Potentially Containing Phthalic Anhydride, based on SDS

Use Expected

Users Product Manufacturer

Percent in

Product

Currently on

Market? Source

Adhesives and Sealants

Adhesive Consumer Loctite 426 Instant Adhesive (known as 426

Prism Black Max Gel Inst) Henkel Corporation 0.1-1% Yes

Henkel (2018a)

R.S. Hughes (2019a)

Adhesive Unknown Loctite 435 Rubber Tough. Inst Adh (known as

Loctite 435 Instant Adhesive) Henkel Corporation 0.1-1% Yes

Henkel (2018b)

R.S. Hughes (2019b)

Adhesive

(cyanoacrylate) Consumer Loctite 4105 Henkel Ltd [UK] 0.1 - <1% Yes

Henkel (2019)

Quality Bearings (2019)

Adhesive

(cyanoacrylate) Industrial Instantbond 120 Hermon Manufacturing Inc.

0.1-1% by

weight Yes

Hernon (2016a)

Hernon (2019a)

Adhesive Industrial Instantbond 122 Hermon Manufacturing Inc. 0.1-1% by

weight Yes

Hernon (2016b)

Hernon (2019b)

Adhesive

(Temporary

mounting) Industrial Crystalbond 509-1, 509-2, 509-3 Aremco Products, Inc. 60.0-90.0% Yes

Aremco Products, Inc.

(2018)

Ted Pella (2019)

Electronics

encapsulant Commercial Lord EP-809 Hardener (Part B) Lord Corporation 5 to 10% Yes

Lord (2017)

Krayden (2019)

Sealant Industrial WS-8020 RC B-12 Part B Royal Adhesives And

Sealants, LLC ≤0.5%

No evidence

found

Royal Adhesives And

Sealants, LLC (2016)

Sealant Industrial/

Professional 3M Aerospace Sealant AC-770 B-2 Catalyst 3M

≤1% by

weight Yes

3M (2019a)

3M (2019b)

Construction

Construction

(Roofing) Commercial Crystic ROOF Resin Scott Bader Co Ltd [UK] ≤0.3% Yes

Scott Bader Co Ltd (2016)

East Coast Fibreglass (2019)

Countertops Commercial Durcon® Epoxy Resin Work Surface Durcon, Inc. trace Yes Durcon 2011

Durcon 2020

Paints and Coatings

Paints and

Coatings

(Industrial coating) Industrial Carbocoat 1390 Finish

Carboline Norge AS

[Norway] 0.1 - <1.0%

No evidence

found Carboline Norge AS (2019)

Primer Consumer Harris Metal Primer Red Harris Paints Company 1.0-10% by

weight

No evidence

found Harris Paints Co (2015a)

Paints and coatings Consumer T.O.V. Varnish Harris Paints Company 10-25% by

weight Likely

Harris Paints Co (2015b)

Harris Paints Co (2019)



Use Expected


Percent in

Product

Currently on

Market? Source

Paints and Coating Industrial Interlac 665 Vermelho Seg. 5R4/14 International Paint Ltda

[Argentina]

1.0-10% by

weight

No evidence

found International Paint (2016)

Indoor wood

treatment Consumer Junckers Rustic Oil, Clear

Junckers Industrier A/S

[Denmark]

0.1 -

<0.25% Yes

Junckers (2019a)

Junckers (2019b)

Paints and

Coatings Commercial K Paintstik

LA-CO Industries Europe

S.A.S. [France] 1-5% Yes

LA-CO Industries (2015)

Markal (2019)

Wood varnish Consumer CHROMOGLOSS Lucido PU bianco – PU

White glossy finish

NUOVA S.I.V.A.M. SpA

[Italy]

≥0.1 -

<0.3% Yes

NUOVA (2018)

Richelieu (2019)

Paints and coatings Consumer Cover Stain 1 gal. White High Hide Alkyd-

Base Interior/Exterior Primer and Sealer Rust-Oleum Corporation Unknown Yes

Rust-Oleum Corp (2015)

Home Depot (2019)

Paints and coatings Commercial Südwest Holz-Isolier-Grund Südwest Lacke + Farben

GmbH & Co.KG [Germany]

≥0.1 - <1%

by weight Yes

Südwest Lacke (2019)

Amazon (2019)

Hydraulic Fracturing

Oil and Gas well

fracturing Commercial Phthalic Anhydride Finoric Company, LLC 98 to 100% Yes

Finoric (2016)

Finoric (2019)

Plastics and Resins

Curing agent for

epoxy resins Commercial AC-59 Broadview Technologies

1.0-10% by

weight Likely Broadview Tech (2015)

Clear casting resin Consumer Castin’ Craft Casting Resin Environmental Technology,

Inc.

<35% by

weight Yes

Environmental Tech (2017)

Michaels (2019)

Resin for

composites Commercial EASYLAM LSE

Polynt Composites France

S.A. [France]

<1% by

weight Likely

Polynt (2016b)

MatWeb (2019)

Resin for

composites

(general purpose,

marine, boats)

Commercial Norsodyne H 23100 TA Polynt Composites France

S.A. [France]

<1% by

weight

No evidence

found Polynt. (2016c)

Hardener Commercial Catalyst 17-T Unpigmented Bulk Henkel Limited 1 to 5% Yes Henkel (2013)

Graco Roberts (2019)

Epoxy hardener

(for elevated

temperature curing

epoxy adhesive)

Commercial SEC1244 B Resinlab, LLC 0.1 - <1% Yes Resinlab, LLC (2015)

Resinlab, LLC (2019)



Use Expected


Percent in

Product

Currently on

Market? Source

Plasticizers,

polyester, alkyd

resins Industrial Phthalic Anhydride Molten Stepan Company 90-100% Yes

Stepan (2018b)

Stepan (2019)

Laboratory Use

Laboratory Commercial Custom 8270 Mix 1 Phenova 0.1% No evidence

found Phenova (2018)

Laboratory

reference material Commercial

Semivolatile Mix, 1,000 µg/L in Methylene

chloride LGC Limited [UK] <0.1%

No evidence

found LGC Limited (2017)

Laboratory

chemical Commercial Phthalic Anhydride Sigma-Aldrich 100% Yes

Millipore Sigma (2019)

Sigma-Aldrich (2019)

Laboratory

chemical Commercial Phthalic Anhydride ThermoFisher Scientific 99% Yes

ThermoFisher (2018)

ThermoFisher (2020)

Phthalic Anhydride Use Report Waste, Disposal, and Recycling ▌pg. 3-1

Waste, Disposal, and Recycling

National Emissions Inventory Data

The National Emissions Inventory (NEI) is a comprehensive and detailed estimate of air emissions of

criteria pollutants, criteria precursors, and hazardous air pollutants from air emissions sources. The

NEI is released every three years based primarily upon data provided by State, Local, and Tribal air

agencies for sources in their jurisdictions and supplemented by data developed by the U.S. EPA.

Table 3-1 summarizes the emissions data for phthalic anhydride for the 2014 reporting year.

Table 3-1: National Emissions Inventory Data for Phthalic Anhydride, 2014

Process Sources Sectors Total

Emissions (lbs)

Chemical

evaporation

• Organic Chemical Storage

• Organic Chemical Transportation

• Organic Solvent Evaporation

• Surface Coating Operations

• Transportation and Marketing of

Petroleum Products

• Industrial Processes – Storage and

Transfer

• Solvent – Industrial Surface Coating

& Solvent Use

• Gas Stations

9,503

External

combustion

boilers

• Electric Generation

• Industrial

• Electric Generation – Coal

• Electric Generation – Oil

• Industrial Boilers, ICEs – Coal

• Industrial Boilers, ICEs – Natural Gas

6,756

Industrial

processes

• Chemical Manufacturing

• Electrical Equipment

• In-process Fuel Use

• Mineral Products

• Miscellaneous Manufacturing

Industries

• Photo Equip/Health Care/Labs/Air

Condit/SwimPools

• Primary Metal Production

• Chemical Manuf

• Storage and Transfer

• NEC

• Cement Manuf

• Ferrous Metals 213,957

MACT source

categories • Miscellaneous Resins • Industrial Processes – Chemical

Manuf 750

Miscellaneous

area sources • Automotive Repair Shops • Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC

446

Storage and

transport • Inorganic Chemical Storage • Industrial Processes – Storage and

Transfer 576

Waste

disposal

• Solid Waste Disposal - Industrial • Waste Disposal 84

Source: U.S. EPA 2014b


RCRA Data

The EPA, in partnership with the States, biennially collects information regarding the generation,

management, and final disposition of hazardous wastes regulated under the Resource Conservation

and Recovery Act (RCRA). RCRA hazardous waste generation information is obtained from data

reported by RCRA Large Quantity Generators (LQGs). The term "RCRA hazardous waste" refers to

solid waste assigned a Federal Hazardous Waste Code and regulated by RCRA. A generator is

defined as a Federal Large Quantity Generator if:

• the generator generated, in any single month, 1,000 kg (2,200 pounds or 1.1 tons) or more of

RCRA hazardous waste; or

• the generator generated, in any single month or accumulated at any time, 1 kg (2.2 pounds) of

RCRA acute hazardous waste; or

• the generator generated or accumulated at any time, more than 100 kg (220 pounds) of spill

cleanup material contaminated with RCRA acute hazardous waste.

All sites that were LQGs in the reporting year are required to provide EPA with waste generation and

management information. It is important to note that the generators have been included based on the

most current information made available to EPA by the States. However, the generator counts may

include some generators that, when determining whether they were LQGs, used a lower State-defined

threshold for LQGs, counted wastes regulated only by their States, or counted wastes exempt from

Federal regulation. Hazardous waste received from off-site for storage/bulking and subsequently

transferred off-site for treatment or disposal is excluded from generation quantities.

RCRA hazardous waste management information is obtained from the data reported by sites that

treated, stored, or disposed of RCRA hazardous wastes on-site during the reporting year. Hazardous

wastes that are stored, bulked, and/or transferred off-site with no prior treatment or recovery, fuel

blending, or disposal at the site, are excluded from the management quantities.

RCRA hazardous waste shipment information is obtained from data reported by both RCRA LQGs

and sites that treated, stored, or disposed of RCRA hazardous wastes on-site during the reporting

year. RCRA hazardous waste receipt information is obtained from data reported by sites that treated,

stored, or disposed of RCRA hazardous wastes on-site during the reporting year. All reported

shipments identified by the State, or implementing EPA office, for inclusion in the National Biennial

Report are included in the waste shipment quantities, even if the waste was shipped to a transfer

facility. In some instances, waste is transferred within a physical location that has more than one EPA

Identification Number. These waste transfers are treated as shipments (U.S. EPA 2018b).

Table 3-2 shows data provided to EPA under the Resource Conservation and Recovery (RCRA)

regulations, as reported in the 2017 Biennial Report. The table lists for each handler the quantity of

waste (in tons) generated, managed, received, and shipped along with the management location (on or

offsite) and the management method. The management method codes reported, and their explanations

(U.S. EPA 2017) are as follows:

• H039: Other recovery or reclamation for reuse including acid regeneration, organics

recovery, etc.

• H040: Incineration - thermal destruction other than use as a fuel (includes any preparation

prior to burning)


• H050: Energy recovery at this site - used as fuel (includes on-site fuel blending before energy

recovery

• H061: Fuel blending prior to energy recovery at another site (waste generated either on site

or received from off site)

• H129: Other treatment that does not include onsite disposal

• H141: The site receiving this waste stored/bulked and transferred the waste with no

reclamation, recovery, destruction, treatment or disposal at that site.


Table 3-2: 2017 RCRA Data by Handler

Handler Name NAICS Generation

(tons) Managed

(tons) Received

(tons) Shipped

(tons) Mgmt

Location Mgmt

Method1

3M Company 325998 - All Other Miscellaneous Chemical

Product and Preparation Manufacturing 1.25 0.00 0.00 1.25 OFFSITE H040

3M Company 562211 - Hazardous Waste Treatment and

Disposal 0.00 10.36 10.36 0.00 ONSITE H040

Advance Coatings Co 32511 - Petrochemical Manufacturing 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.45 OFFSITE H040

AES Environmental, LLC 562112 - Hazardous Waste Collection 0.00 0.85 0.85 0.00 ONSITE H141



Analytical Bio Chemistry

Laboratories Inc

54138 - Testing Laboratories - Testing

Laboratories 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 OFFSITE H040

AOC - Tennessee Plant 325211 - Plastics Material and Resin

Manufacturing 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.66 OFFSITE H040

AOC - Tennessee Plant 325211 - Plastics Material and Resin


AOC LLC 325211 - Plastics Material and Resin


AOC LLC 325211 - Plastics Material and Resin


Arnette Polymers LLC 325211 - Plastics Material and Resin


Ashland LLC 325211 - Plastics Material and Resin












Avantor Performance

Materials, LLC

325199 - All Other Basic Organic Chemical





(tons) Managed

(tons) Received

(tons) Shipped

(tons) Mgmt

Location Mgmt

Method1

Axiall, A Westlake

Company

325211 - Plastics Material and Resin


BASF Pasadena Plant 325199 - All Other Basic Organic Chemical






Bio 100 Property 325199 - All Other Basic Organic Chemical


BJ Services Tomball 213112 - Support Activities for Oil and Gas

Operations 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03 OFFSITE H141

California Institute of

Technology

61131 - Colleges, Universities, and Professional

Schools 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03 OFFSITE H141

Carlisle Syntec Inc 326299 - All Other Rubber Product


Case Western Reserve

Millis Science Center



Chemical Reclamation

Services Avalon Facility

562211 - Hazardous Waste Treatment and


Chemical Waste

Management, Inc.



Clean Harbors Aragonite,

LLC



Clean Harbors Deer Park 562211 - Hazardous Waste Treatment and


Clean Harbors El Dorado,

LLC




LLC




LLC



Clean Harbors

Environmental Services,

Inc.


Disposal

0.00 180.64 180.64 0.00 ONSITE H141




(tons) Managed

(tons) Received

(tons) Shipped

(tons) Mgmt

Location Mgmt

Method1

Clean Harbors

Environmental Services,

Inc.


Disposal

0.00 0.14 0.14 0.00 ONSITE H040

Clean Harbors Florida LLC 562211 - Hazardous Waste Treatment and


Clean Harbors San Leon 562211 - Hazardous Waste Treatment and


Clean Harbors San Leon 562211 - Hazardous Waste Treatment and


Colonial Terminals Inc 493190 - Other Warehousing and Storage 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03 OFFSITE H141

Cyclechem Inc 562211 - Hazardous Waste Treatment and

Disposal 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.04 OFFSITE H040

Dana Transport Inc 48422 - Specialized Freight (except Used Goods)

Trucking, Local 2.52 0.00 0.00 2.52 OFFSITE H040

Dart Acquisitions LLC 562211 - Hazardous Waste Treatment and


Dow Corning Corporation 551114 - Corporate, Subsidiary, and Regional

Managing Offices 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 OFFSITE H040

Dsm Pharmaceuticals, Inc 325412 - Pharmaceutical Preparation


Eastman Chemical

Company, Tennessee

Operations


Manufacturing

1.07 1.07 0.00 0.00 ONSITE H129

Eastman Specialties

Corporation



Ecoflo, Inc 562211 - Hazardous Waste Treatment and


Ecoflo, Inc 562211 - Hazardous Waste Treatment and


Elementis Specialties Inc 325998 - All Other Miscellaneous Chemical

Product and Preparation Manufacturing 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.23 OFFSITE H141

Emcc, A Division Of

Exxon Mobil Corporation



Enpro Services Of

Vermont, Inc.






(tons) Managed

(tons) Received

(tons) Shipped

(tons) Mgmt

Location Mgmt

Method1

Environmental Enterprises

Inc




Inc




Inc




Inc




Inc


Disposal 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NONE -

EQ Detroit Inc 562211 - Hazardous Waste Treatment and






Estron Chemcials, Inc. 325199 - All Other Basic Organic Chemical


Evonik Allentown 541714 - Research and Development in

Biotechnology (except Nanobiotechnology) 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17 OFFSITE H040

George S Coyne Chemical

Co Inc

42469 - Other Chemical and Allied Products

Merchant Wholesalers 1.40 0.00 0.00 1.40 OFFSITE H141

Giant Resource Recovery-

Attalla, Inc.




Attalla, Inc.




Attalla, Inc.




Attalla, Inc.



Grace Pasadena Catalyst

Site

325180 - Other Basic Inorganic Chemical


Great Lakes Chemical

South Plant

325180 - Other Basic Inorganic Chemical





(tons) Managed

(tons) Received

(tons) Shipped

(tons) Mgmt

Location Mgmt

Method1

Green America Recycling

LLC



Heritage Environmental

Services, LLC



Heritage Thermal Services

Inc



Heritage Thermal Services

Inc



Huntsman Advanced

Materials



Hydrite Chemical Co -

West

32519 - Other Basic Organic Chemical


Interstate Chemical Co Inc 42469 - Other Chemical and Allied Products


Invista S.Ar.L. 325211 - Plastics Material and Resin


Koppers Inc 325194 - Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum

and Wood Chemical Manufacturing 146.55 0.00 0.00 146.55 OFFSITE H040

Laboratory Tops 337127 - Institutional Furniture Manufacturing 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.60 OFFSITE H141

Mt San Antonio

Community College

District

611210 - Junior Colleges - Junior Colleges 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 OFFSITE H040

New Jersey Institute of

Technology



Nexeo Solutions LLC 42469 - Other Chemical and Allied Products

Merchant Wholesalers 0.00 1.15 1.15 0.00 ONSITE H141












(tons) Managed

(tons) Received

(tons) Shipped

(tons) Mgmt

Location Mgmt

Method1



Northland Environmental

LLC



Old Dominion Freight

Lines, Inc 484110 - General Freight Trucking, Local 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.20 OFFSITE H141

Par Pharmaceutical Inc 325412 - Pharmaceutical Preparation


Patheon Biologics LLC 325414 - Biological Product (except Diagnostic)


Petro-Chem Processing

Group of Nortru LLC



Pfizer Pharmaceuticals

LLC

325412 - Pharmaceutical Preparation


Phillip Reclamation

Services



Phillip Reclamation

Services



Polymer Additvies Inc. Dba

Valtris Specialty Chemicals



Polymer Additvies Inc. Dba

Valtris Specialty Chemicals



Polynt Composites 325211 - Plastics Material and Resin


Polynt Composites USA 325211 - Plastics Material and Resin


Polynt Composites USA,

Inc



Qualawash Holdings LLC 488490 - Other Support Activities for Road

Transportation 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.85 OFFSITE H141

R & L Carriers 484122 - General Freight Trucking, Long-

Distance, Less Than Truckload 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15 OFFSITE H141

Reichhold 2 Houston Site 325211 - Plastics Material and Resin





(tons) Managed

(tons) Received

(tons) Shipped

(tons) Mgmt

Location Mgmt

Method1

Reichhold LLC 2 325211 - Plastics Material and Resin


Reichhold LLC 2 325211 - Plastics Material and Resin


Republic Environmental

Systems (PA) LLC




Systems (PA) LLC




Systems (PA) LLC




Systems (PA) LLC



Rineco Chemical

Industries, LLC



Rineco Chemical

Industries, LLC



Rineco Chemical

Industries, LLC



Rineco Chemical

Industries, LLC



Ross Incineration Services

Inc




Inc




Inc




Inc




Inc




Inc



Royal Adhesives &

Sealants Co LLC 325520 - Adhesive Manufacturing 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.20 OFFSITE H141




(tons) Managed

(tons) Received

(tons) Shipped

(tons) Mgmt

Location Mgmt

Method1

Sabic Innovative Plastics

Mount Vernon LLC



Set Environmental 562211 - Hazardous Waste Treatment and


Sherwin-Williams 325510 - Paint and Coating Manufacturing 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.45 OFFSITE H141

Sherwin-Williams

Company

54171 - Research and Development in the

Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.43 OFFSITE H141

Solvent Recovery LLC 562211 - Hazardous Waste Treatment and


Specgx LLC-Hobart 325412 - Pharmaceutical Preparation


Stepan Co 325613 - Surface Active Agent Manufacturing 1.27 0.00 0.00 1.27 OFFSITE H040

Teknor Apex Tennessee

Company



Tradebe Treatment &

Recycling LLC



Tradebe Treatment &

Recycling LLC



Tradebe Treatment &

Recycling LLC



Tradebe Treatment &

Recycling LLC



Tradebe Treatment &

Recycling LLC



Tradebe Treatment &

Recycling LLC



Tradebe Treatment &

Recycling LLC



Tradebe Treatment &

Recycling LLC



Tradebe Treatment &

Recycling of TN, LLC



Tradebe Treatment &







(tons) Managed

(tons) Received

(tons) Shipped

(tons) Mgmt

Location Mgmt

Method1

Tradebe Treatment &




Tradebe Treatment &




Tradebe Treatment &




Tradebe Treatment &




Trecora Chemical 325199 - All Other Basic Organic Chemical


Troy Laminating and

Coating Inc

32222 - Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper


Unison Industries LLC 336412 - Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts


Univar USA Inc -

Twinsburg Branch

42469 - Other Chemical and Allied Products


US DOE Office of Science

PNNL Site

541715 - Research and Development in the

Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except

Nanotechnology and Biotechnology)

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 OFFSITE H040

Veolia ES Technical

Solutions



Veolia ES Technical

Solutions



Veolia ES Technical

Solutions LLC



Veolia ES Technical

Solutions LLC



Veolia ES Technical

Solutions LLC



Veolia ES Technical

Solutions LLC



Veolia ES Technical

Solutions LLC



Veolia ES Technical

Solutions LLC






(tons) Managed

(tons) Received

(tons) Shipped

(tons) Mgmt

Location Mgmt

Method1

Veolia ES Technical

Solutions LLC



Veolia ES Technical

Solutions LLC



Note: The management method codes reported, and their explanations are as follows:

H039: Other recovery or reclamation for reuse including acid regeneration, organics recovery, etc.

H040: Incineration - thermal destruction other than use as a fuel (includes any preparation prior to burning)

H050: Energy recovery at this site - used as fuel (includes on-site fuel blending before energy recovery

H061: Fuel blending prior to energy recovery at another site (waste generated either on site or received from off site)

H129: Other treatment that does not include onsite disposal

H141: The site receiving this waste stored/bulked and transferred the waste with no reclamation, recovery, destruction, treatment or disposal at that site

Sources: U.S. EPA 2017b, U.S. EPA 2019b

Phthalic Anhydride Use Report References ▌pg. 4-1

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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2017a). Non-Confidential 2016 Chemical Data Reporting

(CDR). Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting (accessed July 15, 2019)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2017b). RCRA Subtitle C Reporting Instructions and Forms.

Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-

07/documents/biennial_report_formsandinstructions.pdf. Accessed on July 29, 2019.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2018a). Basics of TRI Reporting. Retrieved from

https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/basics-tri-reporting

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2018b). Biennial Report Overview. Retrieved from

https://rcrapublic.epa.gov/rcrainfoweb/action/modules/br/main/broverview. Accessed on July 29, 2019.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2019a). 2017 Updated TRI Dataset (released April 2019)

provided to Abt Associates by EPA (Ken Joiner and Tim Antisdel) in flat files.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2019b). Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Biennial

Report (BR) 2017 Data. Accessed 7/18/2019. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/enviro/br-

overview

U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Energy and Commerce, Minority Staff. (2011). Chemicals Used

in Hydraulic Fracturing. April 2011. Retrieved from

http://ecolo.org/documents/documents_in_english/gas-_Hydraulic-Fract-chemicals-2011-report.pdf


U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). (2015). Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) A TOXNET

Database: PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE. Retrieved from https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-

bin/sis/search2/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+85-44-9

U.S. National National Library of Medicine (NLM). (2019). Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem

Database. Compound Summary: Phthalic anhydride. Retrieved from

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Phthalic-anhydride (accessed on May 16, 2019)

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). (2019). USPTO Patent Full-Text and Image Database. Retrieved

from http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-

Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-

bool.html&r=0&f=S&l=50&TERM1=Phthalic+anhydride&FIELD1=&co1=AND&TERM2=&FIELD

2=&d=PTXT

Vertellus Holdings LLC. (2018). Vertellus Performace Chemicals Becomes Ascensus Specialities on May 1,

2018. March 7, 2018. Retrieved from https://www.vertellus.com/news/press-releases/vertellus-

performance-chemicals-becomes-ascensus-specialties-on-may-1-2018-372018 (accessed on September

16, 2019).


WestDry Industries, Inc. (2019). Plasticizers. Retrieved from https://westdry.com/products/plasticizers/


Phthalic Anhydride Use Report Appendix A ▌pg. A-1

Appendix A: Search Methodology

To compile the uses, EPA searched publicly available databases listed in Table A-1 and conducted

additional Google searches to clarify uses or find current products in commerce. In addition, EPA

consulted an internal Salesforce database of product ingredient data collected under the Safer Choice

program.

Table A-1: Sources Searched for Uses of Phthalic Anhydride Title Author and Year Search Term(s) Found Use Information?

Sources searched for all use reports

California Links to

Pesticides Data

California Dept of

Pesticide Regulation

(2019)

85-44-9 No

Canada Chemicals

Management Plan

information sheets

Government of Canada

(2018) Phthalic anhydride No

Chemical and Product

Categories (CPCat) Dionisio (2015) 85-44-9 No

ChemView 2 U.S. EPA (2019) 85-44-9 Yes

Children’s Safe Product

Act Reported Data

Washington State Dept. of

Ecology (2018) 85-44-9 No

Consumer Product

Information Database

(CPID)

DeLima Associates (2018) 85-44-9 No

Danish surveys on

chemicals in consumer

products

Danish EPA (2018)

N/A, There is no

search but report titles

were checked for

possible information

on the chemical

Yes

Datamyne Descartes Datamyne

(2019) 85-44-9 Yes

DrugBank DrugBank (2018) Phthalic anhydride No

European Chemicals

Agency (ECHA)

Registration Dossier

ECHA (2019) 85-44-9 Yes

eChemPortal 2 OECD (2018) 85-44-9 Yes

Envirofacts 2 U.S. EPA (2018)

Functional Use Database

(FUse) U.S. EPA (2017) 85-44-9 Yes

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia

of Chemical Technology Kirk-Othmer (2006) Phthalic anhydride Yes

National Emissions

Inventory U.S. EPA (2014) 85449 Yes

Non-Confidential 2012

CDR U.S. EPA (2014) 85-44-9 Yes

Non-Confidential 2016

Chemical Data Reporting

(CDR)

U.S. EPA (2017) 85-44-9 Yes

PubChem Compound U.S. NLM (2019) 85-44-9 Yes

Safer Chemical Ingredients

List (SCIL) U.S. EPA (2018) 85-44-9 No

Resource Conservation and

Recovery Act (RCRA) U.S. EPA (2018) Waste Code U190

Phthalic Anhydride Use Report Appendix A ▌pg. A-2

Table A-1: Sources Searched for Uses of Phthalic Anhydride Title Author and Year Search Term(s) Found Use Information? Scorecard: The Pollution

Information Site GoodGuide (2011) 85-44-9 Yes

Skin Deep Cosmetics

Database EWG (2019) 85-44-9 No

Toxics Release Inventory

(TRI) U.S. EPA (2018) 85-44-9 Yes

TOXNET 2 U.S. NLM (2019) 85-44-9 Yes

Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of

Industrial Chemistry Ullmann's (2000) Phthalic anhydride Yes

Additional Sources Identified from Reasonably Available Information

Rust-Oleum Corporation Rust-Oleum Corporation

(2015)

Incidentally identified

while researching into

details of this

chemical’s uses and

products.

Yes Substance in Preparations

in Nordic Countries (SPIN) SPIN (2019)

Note(s):

2. This source is a group of databases; thus the exact resource(s) it led to will be cited instead of the database as whole.

The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office has an online database that shows 23,919 patents referencing

“phthalic anhydride” (USPTO 2019). Although patents could be useful in determining reasonably

foreseeable uses, the information can be extremely technical, and it is difficult to confirm whether any

of the patented technologies are currently in use. Therefore, uses inferred from patents containing

phthalic anhydride were not included.

Phthalic Anhydride Use Report Appendix B ▌pg. B-1

Appendix B: Tier 2 Uses of Phthalic Anhydride

This appendix contains uses classified as Tier 2. These may be historic, non-TSCA use, or more

anecdotal.

Table B-1: Tier 2 Uses of Phthalic Anhydride

Use Expected Users Description of Use or Process and References

Uses with Minimal Substantiation

Manufacture of

machinery and

equipment

Industrial SPIN 2019

SPIN identifies use of phthalic anhydride in the manufacture of machinery and

equipment in Nordic countries, as recently as 2017.

Metal

manufacturing Industrial

SPIN 2019

SPIN identifies use of phthalic anhydride in the manufacture of basic metals,

manufacture of fabricated metal products (except machinery and equipment),

and the treatment and coating of metals in Nordic countries, as recently as 2017.

Non-TSCA Uses

Cosmetics /

Personal care

products

Commercial/

consumer

Environment and Climate Change Canada 2017, U.S. EPA 2017a

In Canada, phthalic anhydride is reported to be used in nail polish products

where it is present as a co-polymer as well as an ingredient in eye adhesive

products. One company reporting to the CDR reported commercial use of

phthalic anhydride in personal care products. One company in the Soap and

Other Detergent Manufacturing reported to the 2017 TRI for phthalic

anhydride.

Food preservatives Commercial/

consumer

InterAtlas 2016, Koppers 2018b

Two phthalic anhydride-containing products’ SDS list “food preservatives” as

identified uses.

Insect repellents Commercial/

consumer


Two phthalic anhydride-containing products’ SDS list “insect repellents” as

identified uses

Medical devices Commercial/

consumer

Stepan 2020

The Stepan Company, a manufacturer of phthalic anhydride, notes on its

website that the chemical is used in flexible tubing and containers in the

medical industry

Perfume fixatives Commercial/

consumer


Two phthalic anhydride-containing products’ SDS list “perfume fixatives” as

identified uses

Phthalic Anhydride Use Report Appendix B ▌pg. B-2

Table B-1: Tier 2 Uses of Phthalic Anhydride

Use Expected Users Description of Use or Process and References

Pharmaceuticals

and medicines

Commercial/

consumer


One company reporting to the CDR (U.S. EPA 2017) reported use of phthalic

anhydride as an intermediate in pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing.

One company in the pharmaceutical preparation manufacturing sector reported

to the 2017 TRI for phthalic anhydride. Hawley’s Condensed Chemical

Dictionary identifies the use of phthalic anhydride as a pharmaceutical

intermediate. Lanxess lists “pharmaceutical industry/biotechnology” and

“manufacturing of pharmaceutical agents” as applications of phthalic

anhydride. Two phthalic anhydride-containing products’ SDS list

“pharmaceuticals” as identified uses

Phthalic Anhydride Use Report Appendix C ▌pg. C-1

Appendix C: Additional TRI Data

Table C-1 Facilities Reporting Under TRI for Phthalic anhydride in 2017

Facility Name City State TRI Facility ID

Number of

Facilities

322220 Paper Bag And Coated And Treated Paper Manufacturing 1

PIONEER PLASTICS CORP Auburn ME 04210STRLNPIONI

325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing 2

ASCEND PERFORMANCE

MATERIALS OPERATIONS LLC Cantonment FL 32533MNSNT3000O

EXXONMOBIL BATON ROUGE

CHEMICAL PLANT (PART) Baton Rouge LA 70805XXNCH4999S

325130 Synthetic Dye And Pigment Manufacturing 4

ABBEY COLOR INC Philadelphia PA 19134BBYCL400ET

COLORCON West Point PA 19486CLRCN415MO

DYSTAR HILTON DAVIS CORP Cincinnati OH 45237HLTND2235L

ESCO CO LLC Muskegon MI 49443STSHR1221B

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing 4

ECO-SERVICES OPERATIONS Baton Rouge LA 7080WCSRVC131AI

GREAT LAKES CHEMICAL - SOUTH

PLANT El Dorado AR 71730GRTLKRT7BO

ALBEMARLE CORP SOUTH PLANT Magnolia AR 71753THYLCROUTE

GRACE -PASADENA CATALYST SITE Pasadena TX 77507CTLYS10001

325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, And Gum And Wood Chemical Manufacturing 2

FLINT HILLS RESOURCES JOLIET

LLC Channahon IL 60434MCCHM12MIL

KOPPERS INC Cicero IL 60650KPPRS3900S

325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing 18

VALTRIS SPECIALTY CHEMICALS-

DELAWARE RIVER PLANT Bridgeport NJ 08014MNSNTROUTE

TWIN LAKE CHEMICAL INC Lockport NY 14094TWNLK520MI

PRESSURE CHEMICAL CO Pittsburgh PA 15201PRSSR3419S

AC&S INC Nitro WV 25143CSNCXWEST1

PROVIRON INC Friendly WV 2614WPRVRN62IND

INNOSPEC ACTIVE CHEMICALS High Point NC 27262PRCHM1670E

VERTELLUS GREENSBORO LLC Greensboro NC 27403MRFLX2110H

LANXESS CORP Greensboro NC 27406NTXCH520BR

LINDAU CHEMICALS INC Columbia SC 29201LNDCH750GR

ETHOX CHEMICALS LLC Greenville SC 29605THXCHPERIM

EVONIK CORP Theodore AL 36590DGSSCDEGUS

HYDRITE CHEMICAL CO Cottage Grove WI 53527HYDRT150WD

HALLSTAR CO ESTER SOLUTIONS

FACILITY Bedford Park IL 60638THCPH5851W




Number of

Facilities

ST CHARLES OPERATIONS

(TAFT/STAR) UNION CARBIDE CORP Hahnville LA 70057NNCRBHWY31

THE DOW CHEMICAL CO -

LOUISIANA OPERATIONS Plaquemine LA 70765THDWCHIGHW

TRECORA CHEMICAL INC Pasadena TX 77507QSTSP12500

TM DEER PARK SERVICES LP Deer Park TX 77536DSPSL2525B

BASF CORP - FREEPORT SITE Freeport TX 77541BSFCR602CO

325211 Plastics Material And Resin Manufacturing 45

ALLNEX USA INC WALLINGFORD

CT SITE Wallingford CT 06492MRCNCSOUTH

SYNRAY CORP Kenilworth NJ 07033SYNRY209NM

DELTECH RESIN CO Newark NJ 07105DCCHM49RUT

ASHLAND LLC Pittsburgh PA 15225SHLND2650N

ASHLAND PERFORMANCE

MATERIALS PHILADELPHIA PLANT Philadelphia PA 19148SHLND2801S

ARKEMA INC West Chester PA 19382SRTMRBOLMA

POLYNT COMPOSITES USA INC Chatham VA 24531FRMNRPITTS

ARKEMA INC Chatham VA 24531SRTMR601TI

DUPONT WASHINGTON WORKS Washington WV 26180DPNTWDUPON

INVISTA SA RL-WILMINGTON Wilmington NC 28402CPNDSHIGHW

ALLNEX USA INC NORTH AUGUSTA

FACILITY North Augusta SC 29841CBRDC131RE

POLYNT COMPOSITES USA INC Forest Park GA 30050CRGLL71BAR

REICHHOLD LLC 2 Jacksonville FL 32236RCHHLWESTB

REICHHOLD LLC2 Pensacola FL 32501RCHHL407SO

AOC LLC Lakeland FL 33805LPHRS4620N

HUNTSMAN ADVANCED

MATERIALS AMERICAS INC Mc Intosh AL 36553HNTSM555HU

EASTMAN CHEMICAL CO

TENNESSEE OPERATIONS Kingsport TN 37662TNNSSEASTM

AOC LLC TENNESSEE PLANT Collierville TN 38017LPHRSHIGHW

AXIALL LLC-ABERDEEN Aberdeen MS 39730VSTPLPOBOX

ALLNEX USA INC Louisville KY 40209RLNCN4730C

INTERPLASTIC CORP-FORT WRIGHT Covington KY 41015FLNSL3535L

PPG INDUSTRIES OHIO INC

CIRCLEVILLE OH Circleville OH 43113PPGNDPITTS

BASF CORP Greenville OH 45331BSFCRSTATE

AOC LLC Valparaiso IN 46383WNSCR2552I

SABIC INNOVATIVE PLASTICS MT

VERNON LLC Mount Vernon IN 47620GPLSTLEXAN

ARKEMA INC Grand Rapids MI 49507PLYMR1415S

AXALTA COATING SYSTEMS USA

LLC- FORT MADISON PLANT Fort Madison IA 52627DPNTF80135

PPG INDUSTRIES INC-OAK CREEK Oak Creek WI 53154PPGND10800

INTERPLASTIC CORP Minneapolis MN 55413NTRPL2015N




Number of

Facilities

POLYNT COMPOSITES USA INC

(FORMERLY PCCR USA) Carpentersville IL 60110MCWHR400EA

REICHHOLD LLC 2 Morris IL 60450RCHHLCOLLI

ALLNEX USA INC East Saint Louis IL 62205KZCTN2904M

REICHHOLD LLC 2 Valley Park MO 63088NLCHM3RDST

US POLYMERS - ACCUREZ LLC Saint Louis MO 63111SPLYM300EA

ARKEMA COATING RESINS North Kansas City MO 6411WRKMCT1533K

ASHLAND LLC Jacksonville AR 72076RSTCH1901R

INTERPLASTIC CORP Pryor OK 74362NTRPLHUNTS

POLYNT COMPOSITES USA INC Ennis TX 75120CRGLLPOBOX

POLYNT COMPOSITES USA INC Marshall TX 75670FRMNRSCOTT

REICHHOLD LLC 2 Houston TX 77015RCHHL1053H

POLYNT COMPOSITES USA INC Houston TX 77051FRMNC2434H

ASHLAND LLC Commerce CA 90040SHLND6608E

INTERPLASTIC CORP Hawthorne CA 90250FLNSL12333

REICHHOLD LLC 2 - AZUSA PLANT Azusa CA 91702RCHHL237SO

AOC LLC Perris CA 92370LPHRS19991

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing 1

PFIZER PHARMACEUTICALS LLC Barceloneta PR 00617PFZRPHIGHW

325510 Paint And Coating Manufacturing 14

ADVANCE COATINGS CO Westminster MA 01473DVNCC42DEP

RANBAR ELECTRICAL MATERIALS

LLC Harrison City PA 15665WSTNGROUTE

ADVANCED POLYMER

TECHNOLOGY Harmony PA 16037CNCCRLOWER

ENGINEERED POLYMER SOLUTIONS

INC Williamsport MD 21795PSNCH16414

AXALTA COATING SYSTEMS USA

LLC-FRONT ROYAL PLANT Front Royal VA 22630DPNTFPOBOX

SHERWIN-WILLIAMS CO Richmond KY 40475THSHRBOGGS

YENKIN-MAJESTIC PAINT

CORPORAT ION Columbus OH 43219YNKNM1920L

NCP COATINGS INC Niles MI 49120NLSCH225FO

SHERWIN-WILLIAMS CO Kankakee IL 60901THVLS901NO

ELANTAS PDG INC Saint Louis MO 63147PDGRG5200N

SHERWIN-WILLIAMS CO Garland TX 75042DSTNC701SH

JONES-BLAIR CO Dallas TX 75235JNSBL2728E

ENGINEERED POLYMER SOLUTIONS

INC City Of Commerce CA 90040THMCC5501E

GENERAL COATINGS

MANUFACTURING CORP Fresno CA 9372WGNRLC122EN

325520 Adhesive Manufacturing 2

COIM USA INC West Deptford NJ 08066CPLYRMANTU

HB FULLER CO Grand Rapids MI 49504HBFLL2727K




Number of

Facilities

325611 Soap And Other Detergent Manufacturing 1

PIEDMONT CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES I

LLC High Point NC 27260PDMNT331BU

325613 Surface Active Agent Manufacturing 4

DYSTAR LP Reidsville NC 27320BHMFLROUTE

PILOT CHEMICAL CO LOCKLAND

FACILITY Lockland OH 45215PLTCH606SH

STEPAN CO MILLSDALE ROAD Elwood IL 60421STPNCRURAL

SOLVAY USA INC Long Beach CA 90801LNZNC20851

325910 Printing Ink Manufacturing 1

SICPA SECURINK CORP Springfield VA 22153SCPVR8000R

325991 Custom Compounding Of Purchased Resins 2

TEKNOR APEX TENNESSEE CO (AKA

HAYWOOD CO) Brownsville TN 38012HYWDC751DU

POLYAD SERVICES LLC Earth City MO 6304WPLYDS4285R

325998 All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product And Preparation Manufacturing 8

LANXESS SOLUTIONS US INC

(FORMERLY CHEMTURA) Fords NJ 08863HTCCRKINGG

IGM RESINS USA INC Charlotte NC 28241HNKLC3300W

SEYDEL COS JRS PLANT Pendergrass GA 30567SYDLC244JO

PHOENIX CHEMICAL CO Calhoun GA 30701PHNXC22GEE

3M CO - DECATUR Decatur AL 35602MCMPNSTATE

STRUKTOL CO OF AMERICA Stow OH 44224STRKT201ES

CINCHEMPRO LLC Batavia OH 45103CNCHM458WE

BASF CORP Cincinnati OH 45232CGNSC49EST

326291 Rubber Product Manufacturing For Mechanical Use 1

ALLIANCE RUBBER CO

Hot Springs

National Park AR 71901LLNCR21CAR

326299 All Other Rubber Product Manufacturing 1

GRISWOLD LLC Moosup CT 06354GRSWL1RIVE

327310 Cement Manufacturing 3

BUZZI UNICEM USA-GREENCASTLE

PLANT Greencastle IN 46135LNSTRPUTNA

CONTINENTAL CEMENT CO LLC Hannibal MO 63401CNTNNHIGHW

BUZZI UNICEM USA-CAPE

GIRARDEAU Cape Girardeau MO 63701LNSTR2524S

337127 Institutional Furniture Manufacturing 3

KEWAUNEE SCIENTIFIC CORP Statesville NC 28677KWNSC2700W

AMERICAN STITCHCO INC DBA

AMERICAN EPOXY SCIENTIFIC Mountain Home AR 72653PXYNP500E1

DURCON INC Taylor TX 7657WDRCNN26ALL

562211 Hazardous Waste Treatment And Disposal 5

ROSS INCINERATION SERVICES INC Grafton OH 44044RSSNC36790




Number of

Facilities

CLEAN HARBORS ENVIRONMENTAL

SERVICES INC Kimball NE 69145CLNHR5MISO

CLEAN HARBORS EL DORADO LLC El Dorado AR 71730NVRNM309AM

VEOLIA ES TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS

LLC PORT ARTHUR FACILITY Port Arthur TX 77643WSTMNHWY73

CLEAN HARBORS ARAGONITE LLC Grantsville UT 84029SFTYK11600

562213 Solid Waste Combustors And Incinerators 1

HERITAGE THERMAL SERVICES East Liverpool OH 43920VNRLL1250S