Use of non-conventional biological method in wastewater ... · PDF fileUse of non-conventional biological method in wastewater treatment in Egypt ... Education and Research. In the

Use of non-conventional biological

method in wastewater treatment in

Egypt

Eman Mokhtar, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of

Agriculture, Ain shams University, Egypt.

Ahmed Labena, Chair of Water Quality Control, Technische

Universität München (TUM), Germany.

Establishment of Plantation Forests and Development of Sustainable

Forestry in Desert Lands of Egypt Using Sewage Water

Education and Research

In the name of God

the Merciful

We made from water every living

thing, do you not believe! (30,4)







Today, the per capita water availability of less than 800 m3

per year in Egypt is already below the water poverty line

of 1,000 m3 per capita per year.

Wastewater challenges in Egypt







Wastewater challenges in Egypt (continue)

•Unutilized wastewater is a hazard for the environment,

human health and in addition a waste of water resource

and nutrients. (According to El Kateb, 2012)

Resource Utilization:

• Strict saving in the use of resources as it is the first

measure to resource utilization.

•The natural resources including reuse and recycling of resources.

• Finding the best alternative measures to reach sustainability in resource utilization.

(According to El Kateb, 2012)




• Rice straw

• Mango kernel

• Pomegranate Peel

• Apricot and peach kernel

• Peanuts Peel

(El-Ashtoukhy, et.al,2007)

Non-conventional methods to reduce the

level of heavy metals and pesticides

residues form wastewater




The adsorption technique is one of the preferred methods for removal of heavy metals because of its efficiency and low cost. Utilizing the waste material from agriculture and industries can make treatment process economical and solve the solid waste disposal problem. The feasibility of several low cost, non-conventional adsorbents obtained from agricultural and industrial wastes was explored.

(El-Ashtoukhy, et.al,2007)

Non-conventional methods to reduce the

level of heavy metals and pesticides

residues form wastewater




Wastewater treatment processes Wastewater treatment methods

Chemical

Sedimentation Gas Transfer Filtration Flocculation Flotation Mixing Screening

Biological Physical

Aerobic Anaerobic

Precipitation Adsorption Disinfection

(Despo Fatta University of Cyprus 2011)




Biological treatment Classification of biological Wastewater methods

Suspended and attached treatment Aerobic and anaerobic

Suspended growth process is a

biological in which microorganisms

are maintained in suspension while

converting organic matter to gases

and cell tissue (Activated sludge).

Attached growth is a biological in

which microorganisms responsible

for the conversion of organic matter

to gases and cell tissue are attached

to some material such as rocks,

sand, or plastic (Trickling filter).

Aerobic: biological treatment is a

process in which the pollutants in

the waste water (organic matter) are

stabilized by microorganisms in the

presence of molecular oxygen.

Anaerobic: biological treatment is

a process in which the pollutants in

the waste water (organic matter) are

stabilized by microorganisms in the

absence of molecular oxygen.




Activated sludge system

1-Aerobic digestion

• Bacterial process

• Need oxygen

• Consume organic matter

2-Anaerobic digestion

• Bacterial process

• Do not require oxygen

• Consume organic matter

• Produce biogas, which can be used in generators for electricity

(Samuel Lam,2010)




3-Composting

• aerobic process

• requires the correct

mix of carbon,

nitrogen, oxygen and

water with sludge

• Generate large amount

of heat

Treatment and use of potential of wastewater




Filtration,

sedimentation

Filtration,

sedimentation

Filtration,

sedimentation

Do

me

sti

c

Ind

us

tria

l A

gri

cu

ltu

ral

Non-conven-

tional energy

Trans-esteri-fication reactor

* aerobic, anaerobic and algae-based treatment ** membrane filtration

Biological treatment & heavy metal removal using agricultural waste by-

products

Biological treatment & removal of heavy metal and

chemical residues using agricultural waste by-products

Biological* treatment & heavy metal removal and recovery

using mechanical** treatment and/or agricultural waste by-products

An-aerobic digester

Biogas Bio-

diesel

Heavy

metal

Treated

waste-

water

Treated

waste-

water

Fertiliser

Reuse in

agriculture

Use in

afforestation

Algal biomass

Sludge

13




Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats

Aminoacids, Sugar, Glycerole, Fatty acids

Hydrolyses(facultative anaerobic bacteria)

Formation of acids(facultativeanaerobic bacteria)

Formation of acetic acid(acetogenic bacteria)

Formation of methane(methanogenic bacteria)

~70% CH , ~30% CO4 2

Propionic acidButyric acid

Alkoholes

HPO

NH /NH

H S

42-

4+

3

2

H /CO

Acetic acid2 2

H /CO

Acetic acid2 2

(Despo Fatta University of Cyprus 2011).

Biogas production





Filtration,

sedimentation

Filtration,

sedimentation

Filtration,

sedimentation

Do

me

sti

c

Ind

us

tria

l A

gri

cu

ltu

ral

Non-conven-

tional energy




products





An-aerobic digester

Biogas Bio-

diesel

Heavy

metal

Treated

waste-

water

Treated

waste-

water

Fertiliser

Reuse in

agriculture

Use in

afforestation

Algal biomass

Sludge

15




(Wang et al. 2008)

Algae-based treatment Wastewater

16




Biodiesel production

Emad A. Shalaby, 2011





Filtration,

sedimentation

Filtration,

sedimentation

Filtration,

sedimentation

Do

me

sti

c

Ind

us

tria

l A

gri

cu

ltu

ral

Non-conven-

tional energy




products





An-aerobic digester

Biogas Bio-

diesel

Heavy

metal

Treated

waste-

water

Treated

waste-

water

Fertiliser

Reuse in

agriculture

Use in

afforestation

Algal biomass

Sludge

18




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Use of non-conventional biological method in wastewater ... · PDF fileUse of non-conventional biological method in wastewater treatment in Egypt ... Education and Research. In the