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October 16th Picosecond Lyon 1
INNOTEP Project
Using HEP technologies to improve TEP imaging: Development of innovative schemes for front-end electronic, readout and DAQ
architecture
Check of HEP R&D (LHC, ILC, ..) for medical imaging instrumentation
To go beyond the state of art independently of the industry
To federate French labs effort in the domain of intrumentation applied to TEP imaging
October 16th Picosecond Lyon 2
INNOTEP project covers following R&D domains where techniques could be transfered to medical imaging
• Use of compact segmented Photodetectors: APD, MAPMT, MCPPMT ?
• Front-end Electronic – Fast, low noise,low power preamp– Fast Sampling ADCs
• Signal Filtering– Optimum filtering for pulse’s time and amplitude estimation– Signal analysis
• Read-Out/DAQ– Pipeline and parallel read-out, – Use of high bandwith system (microTCA and ATCA) for trigger and on-
line treatment
October 16th Picosecond Lyon 3
How to improve performances of clinical TEP
One exemple = Use of Time of Flight (TOF) Philips, Gemini TF™, Siemens
Reduction of backgrounds Improvment of image quality Decrease time of acquisition
GEMINI TF™, PhilipsTruFlight™
∆t ~ 550 ps
PET scanner LYSO : 4 x 4 x 22 mm3
28,338 cristaux, 420 PMTs cristal gap: 0.75 µm 2 = 4 ns couronne 70-cm , 18-cm FOVCT scanner Brilliance™ 16 or 64 slice
October 16th Picosecond Lyon 4
J. Karp, University of Pennsylvania
Advantage of TOF
Contrast improvment for detection of small structures in
background
October 16th Picosecond Lyon 5
Advantage of TOF
J. Karp, University of Pennsylvania
Dose injected=9.8 mCi
Non-TOF
TOF
CT CT/TEP
October 16th Picosecond Lyon 6
Second Application Novel Imaging Systems for in vivo Monitoring
and Quality Control duringTumour Ion Beam Therapy (proton, carbon)
Advantages of hadrontherapy for localized treatment of tumors : More localized energy deposition in target due to the Bragg peak Better biological efficiency of hadrons compared to photons
October 16th Picosecond Lyon 7
Many hadrontherapy centers planned worldwide:Protons : Carbon : GSI, Heidelberg, CNAO, ETOILE, Medaustron….
Hadrontherapy Treatement Protocol : Decomposition of the volume to be treated in voxels Maximum Energy in each voxel using Bragg peak Adjustement of the beam in energy and position to locate the Bragg peak in the voxel
October 16th Picosecond Lyon 8
Peripheral nucleus-nucleus-collisions, nuclear reactions
12C: E = 212 AMeVTarget: PMMA
15O, 11C, 13N ...
11C,10C
Penetration depth / mm
Arb
itrar
y un
its
16O: E = 250 AMeVTarget: PMMA
15O, 11C, 13N ...
15O,14O,13N,11C…
Therapy beam 1H 3He 7Li 12C 16O Nuclear medicine
Activity density / Bq cm-3 Gy-1 6600 5300 3060 1600 1030 104 – 105 Bq cm-3
Z 6
Target fragmentsProjectile fragments Target fragments
Z < 6
1H: E = 110 MeVTarget: PMMA
15O, 11C, 13N ...
3He: E = 130 AMeVTarget: PMMA
15O, 11C, 13N ...
Arb
itrar
y un
itsPenetration depth / mm
7Li: E = 129 AMeVTarget: PMMA
Physics
October 16th Picosecond Lyon 9
What do we have? In-beam PETRationale
Proportional to dose
3D
Non invasive
Real time
Time efficient
In situ
Tomography
Highly penetrable signal
Separation of the signal from the therapeutic irradiation
X- or -rays
Signal with: • well defined energy• spatial correlation• time correlation• time delay
Annihilation -rays,Positron Emitters
PET
High detection efficiency
??11C 11B + e+ + eT1/2
180 deg
t = 0E = 511 keV
October 16th Picosecond Lyon 10
12C
Off-
bea
m P
ET
: 1H
-th
erap
y a
t MG
H B
ost
on
In-b
ea
m P
ET
: 12C
-th
erap
y a
t GS
I Da
rmst
adt
In-beam PET and Off beam PET
October 16th Picosecond Lyon 11
In-beam PET Clinical implementation at GSI
0
1
T Time
S(t
)
Accelerator:
Synchrotrond 60 m
Particle beam:pulsedT 5 s, ≤ 2 s
PET data,list mode:
{K1, K2, S}(t)
Irradiation-time course:
{E, I, d}(t)
October 16th Picosecond Lyon 12
Presence of a large background noise comming mainly from the beam but also :large rate of high energy prompt gammas from nuclear desexcitation, as well of neutronslarge rate of randoms
Pause : P
Out of mbunch: A2
In mbunch: B2
Main experimental Constraints
P
Extraction A2 B2
At GSI : acquisition out of beam delivery period in correlation with in beam detectorBut low « true coincidence» statistic to recover dose monitoring
October 16th Picosecond Lyon 13
Pause : P
Out of bunch: A2
In bunch: B2
October 16th Picosecond Lyon 14
Clinical implementationIon range verification
Treatment plan: dose distribution
+-activity:prediction
+-activity:measurement
October 16th Picosecond Lyon 15
PET allows for a - beam delivery independent,
- simultaneous or close to therapy (in-beam, offline, resp.),- non-invasive
control of tumour irradiations by means of ion beams
An in-vivo measurement of the ion range
The validation of the physical model of the treatment planning
In-beam PET Advantages
October 16th Picosecond Lyon 16
The evaluation of the whole physical process of the treatment from
planning to the dose application- new ion species - new components, algorithms- high precision irradiations
The detection and estimation of unpredictable deviations between
planned and actually applied dose distributions due to- mispositioning- anatomical changes- mistakes and incidents
In-beam PET Advantages(II)
October 16th Picosecond Lyon 17
The ENVISION Project (European Novel imaging systems for in vivo monitoring
and quality control during tumour ion beam)
Upcoming FP7 call HEALTH-2008-1.2-4
The focus should be to develop novel imaging instruments, methods and tools for monitoring, in vivo and preferably in real time, the 3-dimensional distribution of the radiation dose effectively delivered within the patient during ion beam therapy of cancer.
The ions should be protons or heavier ions.
The system should typically be able to quantify the radiation dose delivered, to determine the agreement between the planned target volume and the actually irradiated volume, and for decreasing localisation uncertainties between planned and effective positions (e.g. of tissues or organs), and between planned and effective dose distribution during irradiation.
It should aim at improving quality assurance, increasing target site (tumour) to normal tissue dose ratio and better sparing normal tissue.
October 16th Picosecond Lyon 18
What do we need?WP1: Time-of-flight in-beam PET
-Aim: Remove the influence of limited angle tomographic sampling to quantitative imaging
-Subtask 1.1.: Development of a demonstrator of an in-beam TOF positron camera:
▪ 2t < 200 ps the more the time resolution, the faster and
efficient dose reconstruction
▪ hsingles > 50 %
▪ Dx < 5 mm
detector technology
DAQ
- Subtask 1.2.: Tomographic reconstruction and prediction of
measured activity distributions from treatment planning
real-time TOF reconstruction
simulation TP TOF IBPET
October 16th Picosecond Lyon 19
Main Partners involved in ENVISION project
INFN , TERA Project , CERN, IN2P3 , GSI , Heidelberg, Louvain, Birmingham, Oxford, Valencia
IBA, OncoRay, Icx, Siemens