Use of Building Regulation in Designing Building

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AAR 2200 Lecture Input on BuildingRegulations sem2,0304 1

Legislation & Building Regulationsin designing a facility (Building)With Special Emphasis on Uniform BuildingBy-Law (UBBL) & Islamic Principles

Presented by:

Ar.Assoc.Prof.Norwina Mohd.Nawawi

Dept. of Architecture, KAED,IIUM

AAR 2200 Architectural Design 2, Sem 2, 03/04


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UIA/UNESCO Charter for ArchitecturalEducation:II Education & objectives

Architectural students should be made aware ofthe political and financial motivations behindclients briefs and building regulations in orderto foster ethical framework for decision makingwithin the built environment. Young architects

are encouraged to assume responsibilities asprofessionals within society.

http://www.uia-architectes.org/texte/england/Education/2Charte.htm


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Story Line Introduction What are Legislations & Building Regulations?

Which agencies are responsible for issuing theseregulations?

Why do you need to adhere to these rules?

How and when do you refer to them while you aredesigning?

What would be the implication if these rules are not

adhered to? Will the rules curb innovation and creativity?

Summary

References


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Introduction

This input lecture is intended to introduce

students of architecture to graduallyconcede their design to the requirementslaid by established regulations of thelocality without hindering the creativity

and innovativeness in producing works ofarchitecture.


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It is aimed to provide awareness to students ofarchitecture on the existence of rules and

regulations in all stages of design from whichstudents are expected to adhere to theprinciples of its provision.

It is to be reminded that rules are basicallyprovided within range of minimum standardsbounded in legal documents for reference.

These rules co refer to other building codes ,standards and guidelines relevant to the subjectimplied.

Introduction


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For the purpose of this lecture, only Malaysianregulations are referred. Students may refer toother countrys rules and regulations where

relevant such as code of practice. It is important to note that other than building

laws, there are unwritten cultural and religiouslaws to designing buildings such as the FengShui and Vastu laws, besides the Islamic

principles in accordance with the Shariah The lecture serves as a guide and students are

expected to do own research on the respectiverules and regulations relevant to their projects.

Introduction


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What are Building Regulations?

Building regulations are basically rules,laws,ordinance, statutes, regulations, or codes passed bythe highest law making body of the country orparliament pertaining to building development.

These rules or regulations are carefully compiledand tailored in written documents and editoriallystructured for easy reference for those involved inthe building industry and mandatory to be applied.

These laws are standardised and rationalised as theminimum standard for health and safety particularlyin regulating issues related to fire, structural ability,health, security, and energy conservation.


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Why do you need to adhere to these rules? Building codes or regulations are intended to protect

the publicby establishing minimum standards ofsafety i.e. by providing minimum guideline forconstruction and inspection of a structure to preventfire, structural collapse, electrical wiring, heatingequipment, ventilation, day-lighting, sanitaryfacilities, care for the disable and generaldeterioration.

Building regulations are intended to protect others orconsumers from short sighted individuals whom asclients, they often assume they can build whateverthey wish on their property.


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Which agencies are responsible forissuing these regulations?

In Malaysia, these agencies are as follows: Local Authority ( e.g.City Hall, Town Council),

Fire Department Public Works Department

Department of Town & Country Planning

Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment

Ministry of Housing and Local Government

Others Under respective acts and by-laws e.g. National Land Code,

Strata Title Act, Local Government Act, Town and CountryAct, Streets and Drainage Act, Uniform Building By Laws,Fire Services Act, Housing and Development Act, other


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How and when do you refer to them while

you are designing?

Site Analysis and Site Planning stage by gettingplanning requirements from the local authoritywith regards to

Land use

Setback

Plot ratio

Distance from one road junction to another

Parking spaces Tree preservation

etc


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Site Planning Stage

100 m from junction

Roadway

Build-able

Area

Min 6m setback for

boundaries at roadfront

Min setback 3m fromfence of buildinganother lot

ProposedAccess Notes:

Check benchmarksIdentify treesIdentify services

Surveyed

Benchmarks

(need to find out whether this road are proposed

to be the future highway or elevated highway,etc)


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Site Planning Stage

Allow for

Fire EngineRoute

Fire

Hydrant

location

Allow for min 4.5

min height for Fire

Engine to move

under the building

Ventilation &

daylight

requirements

Provision

for Bus

Stops

Provision of adequateparking spaces

Parking spaces for the disable

Sub Station


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During Designing the Building Stage(refer UBBL Part II, III, V, VI, VII, VIII,

IX) Submission of Plans for Approval

Space, Light and Ventilation

Structural Requirements

Constructional Requirements Fire Requirements

Miscellaneous

How and when do you refer to them while

you are designing?


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Submission of Plans for Approval

Clause 9. All plans to be drawn to the followingscales: Siteplans ..not less than 1: 1000

Key plans or location plan ..any convenient scale

All other general building plans Not less than 1=100 except in special cases where the size

renders drawings to this scale to be impracticable toaccommodate within the limitations of paper sizes or whendrawings are of unwieldly dimensions, the local authoritymay use its discretion to permit plans to be submitted to a

smaller scale but in no case shall be less than 1=200. Sketch plans approval in principle for not less than

1=200

All plans may be drawn in International systems ofUnits.


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Clause 10. (1) All plans in respect of anybuilding shall, unless inapplicable, contain thefollowing:

(a) A site plan showing- The site of the proposed building lot together with the

number of the lot and the section number; The means of access to the site from the street and the

name of the street;

The distance from the centre and side of the roadwaydistinctly figured on one of such plans;

And so on

(b) A floor plan

( c ) Cross, longitudinal

Clause 12, 14, 15,16,18

Submission of Plans for Approval

Ref: UBBL(1984)


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Space, Light & Ventilation

Clause 32(1) the open space for buildingsabutting a street and backlane shall be-

(a) in respect of residential buildings, not less thanone third of the built area of the building lot; and

(b) in respect of other buildings used for non-residential purposes, not less than one tenth of thebuilt area of the building lot

Clause 32(2) For the purpose of calculating the

open space required Clause 32 (3), Clause 33, 34, 35, 36,

37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47 Ref: UBBL(1984)


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Constructional Requirements

Clause 81, 82, 83,84,85, 86,87,88,89,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,103,104,

105, 106,107,108,109, 110,111,112,113,114, 115,116

Stairs, use of timber, party wall,drainage etc

Ref: UBBL(1984)


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Fire Requirements

Clause 133-135: Interpretation

Clause 136: compartment wall

Clause 137: Building height exceeding30m?

other

(refer handout)

Ref: UBBL(1984)


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Miscellaneous

Third Schedule (by law 41) on M&E

Fourth Schedule (by-law 56, 59) onstructural requirements

Fifth Schedule ( by law 134, 138) onpurpose group of bldg forcompartmentalisation

other


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Islamic Perspective to BuildingRegulations

Those who listen to the word,and follow thebest (meaning) in it: those are the ones,whom Allah has guided,and those are the

ones endued with understandingQuran 39:18


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The tradition of Islam embodies many principles ofsocial organisation and behaviour. These principleshave been established by this tradition to make thelife of believers correspond to its objectives and

message. Following these principles, as earlyMuslims did, creates harmonious social and physicalenvironments, but to ignore them would violate thetradition itself and adversely effect the social andphysical conditions of Muslim life ..the essential

principles ..for Muslim society and its livingenvironment .towards understanding Islam as atradition of values and not one of rules

Ref: Hisham Mortada,2003, Traditional Islamic Principles of Built Environment,Routledge Curzon.


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Islam is a way of life with socialidealsand if there are ordinances, theyare established only to support theseidealstherefore, goes beyond rules that

Islam has set up by exploring andexplaining the reasons behind them.



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Focus of Islamic Law-the Shariah The social principles : Social scale

Society,

Neighbourhood

Family

Individual Traditional Islamic principles concerning the

physical environment of Muslims: socia-spatialhierarchy Natural environment

Urban environment or city Neighbourhood

house



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Shariah as defined

..much more than an ordinary legal system, or merelyreligious doctrine of law

..simultaneously religious law, natural and positive

law. It relates Man to God. Its origin is divine, itsobjective is human. It deals with the present and thehereafter, encompassing all aspects of human action,whether latent or manifest, open or hidden. It is atonce universal and particular, absolute and relative,

general and specific, strict and flexible. It tempersformal justice with equity, guarantees liberty,encourages excellence and fights abuse

Hammdah Abd Al Ati-Muslim Scholar

Ref:HishamMorta

da,2003,TraditionalIslamicPrinciplesofBuiltE

nvironment,Routledge

Curzon.


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Shariah prescribes directives for the regulation of

the Muslim individual as well as society. Thesedirectives inspire various human activities includingjudicial system, and the laws

Its directives tell what is good and bad, what isbeneficial and useful and what is injurious andharmful and what are virtues which Muslims have tocultivate and encourage and what are the evilswhich Muslims have to suppress and guardagainst.

Shariah is the embodiment of the concept oftawhidand its every detail springs from it, its structurerests on the concept of sovereignty and compliancewith Gods willRef: Hisham Mortada,2003, Traditional Islamic Principles of Built Environment,Routledge Curzon.


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Shariah-define the objectives as the promotion of welfare of people

which lies in safe guarding their faith,

their life, their intellect, their posterity,their property and concludes thatwhatever ensures the safeguard of thesefive serves public interest and is

desirable Imam AlGhazali



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Shariahs perspective to Customs and

Traditions of the locality

The implementation ofurfor customarytradition as circumscribed by the rule

that as long as the urfdoes notcontradict Islamic principles, it isacceptable.



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Directions of Shariah Ordinances

Ordinances or principles come in 2 forms Concerned with the general ordinances which

are fixed or constant and cannot be changedwhether in aim or in implementation such asthose mentioned in the Quran or Sunnah I.e.haram or halal;

Concerns those that provide detailed legislationon matters rooted in the basic elements of

human nature or human understanding of theShariah. The aim is fixed but its implementationis flexible..



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Examples of Islamic Perspective

to Building Regulations

Neighbourhood

Strong Neighbourly relationships

Preservation of neighbours rights. Strong Neighbourly relationships

Neighbour who is a relation

Neighbour who is a stranger

Temporary Neighbour



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Preservation of neighbours rights.Do not block his (neighbours) air by

raising your building higher without

permission.Harass him not. Give him ashare when you buy fruit or at least donot throw the peelings outside the doorso offending your neighbour

Rasullah S.A.W



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Other Islamic Principles Height of buildings

Projections (e.g windows should be 2.5m above ground)

Rights to daylight and ventilations

Privacy

Rights of neighbour

Rights to water source

Avoidance of harming the public and society

Ease of ibadah/ performing religious obligations

Principle of Humility

Generosity without extravagance

other

( Refer the Book.. Hisham Mortada,2003, Traditional IslamicPrinciples of Built Environment, Routledge Curzon.


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Other (unwritten) rules Feng Shui (refer handout)

Vastu Shastra (refer handout)


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Will these rules curb innovation and

creativity?

Architects are creative and innovativepersonalities and thus should be able toaccommodate, integrate and even improvisehis/her creations to meet these rules not only ineffectively way but meeting the aestheticaspiration without compromising safety andcomfort to the users.

Rules are man made and provisions are ofminimum standard,..thus architects are to providenot the minimum but effective and reasonablestandards in his/her deliverance.


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..far from being a hindrance, regulationstrengthened design when understood and used

properly.It shows lessons learned throughcenturies of skilled craftsmanship and tragicbuilding failures , lessons far too valuable to beignored or marginalised. ..Codes are to beaccessible in concurrence to the project planning

processthrough project development, designand construction..reflecting the thinking ofowners, builders and designers...

Will these rules curb innovation andcreativity?

Ref: Barry D.Yatt.1998.Cracking the Codes-An Architects Guide to Building Regulations. USA. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


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Summary Building regulations are safeguard and reminder

guidelines in the design development process.

It should not be looked upon as a hindrance butrather a challenge for further improvised.

It is hope that students will take the initiative topursue relentlessly the required rules andregulations in designing their facility with anopen and critical mind.

Remember as Architects, the liability of a wrongdecision is yours. Life may be loss , health &safety may be compromised for somethingworthless in the name of design! Wallahualam!


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Be innovative in implementing

these regulations andthank you for your attention!

WassalamAr.Assoc.Prof.Norwina Mohd Nawawi

Dept of Architecture, KAED, IIUM


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AAR 2200 Lecture Input on Building 38

References Hisham Mortada,2003, Traditional Islamic Principles of BuiltEnvironment,Routledge Curzon.

Department of Town and Country Planning. 2002. Brief Notes:Guideline and Planning Standards. Series-001-027.

Laws of Malaysia.1996.Uniform Building By Laws.KualaLumpur.MDC publishers Printers Sdn. Bhd.

PAM. 1987. LAM-PAM Annual Discourse: On Professional Practice.(unpublished)

Alan Jefferis et al.4th Edi. 2001.Architectural Drafting &Design.USA.Delmar Thomson Learning

Charlotte Baden-Powell.1997.Architects Pocket Book. Great

Britain.Architectural Press. Barry D.Yatt.1998.Cracking the Codes-An Architects Guide to

Building Regulations. USA. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Soh Chai Hock.2000.Guide to Fire Protection in Malaysia.PAM,ACEM, IFE, MFPA, FRDM, IEM.

Documents

Use of Building Regulation in Designing Building