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Chapter 19: The Great War 1914-1918 Section 1: World War I Begins

Rising Tensions in Europe • 1900, six nations were rivals for power – •  • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Ottoman Empire

•  • Great Britain • Russia • France

Factors leading to War •  ______________________ - Glorifying war and preparing for it

Factors leading to War • ____________________- competition between nations in the development and accumulation of weapons • Each country built a large army

Factors leading to War • _______________ – deep attachment to one’s country • Unified country • Created competition

Factors leading to War • __________________ - extending a country's power and influence • France and Germany looking to expand into Africa

Ottoman Empire Assassination leads to war • Serbia wanted to unite________under its control

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Assassination leads to war • Serbia wanted to unite________under its control • 1908, Austria Hungary seized Slavic lands •  • Serbia’s Russian allies did not help

Assassination leads to war • 1914, • Heir to Austria-Hungary throne • Austria-Hungary • Alliances pulled others into war

MANIA - Factors leading to War • M - • A – • N - • I - • A - Europe Plunges into War • Great War Begins • Austria-Hungary • Russia attacks • Germany declares war on Fighting Starts • Germany invaded France through Belgium •  • Britain and France declare war on Germany

Trench Warfare • September, 1914, France strengthened and stopped them • Soldiers dug deep • 

Trench Warfare

• They faced powerful weapons •  •  • 

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•  •  •  • 

Americans Question Neutrality • ______________- War was imperialist struggle between German and English • ___________ – US should set an example and not participate • _____________ – Wanted to help their homeland

American Perspective •  • Angry at Germany for attack on Belgium • 

War Hits Home • British used Navy • Limited US shipping • Germans used ________________________________– Using U-boat submarines to sink any ship without warning

War Hits Home • Germans U-boats sunk British passenger ship named ______________ • US issues strong warnings

War Hits Home • Despite warning, Germany continues unrestricted submarine warfare • American Ships were sunk •  Zimmerman Note •  • Germany would help Mexico reconquer lost territories

AMERICA JOINS THE WAR • April 2, 1917 Congress • Americans joins Allies • Feels duty to honor ties with Britain

Chapter 19: The Great War 1914-1918

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The Great War 1914-1918 Section 2: American Power Tips the Balance

America Mobilizes • US did not have enough soldiers •  _____________________- Men MUST register for military draft • African Americans in separate units •  • Nurses • Secretaries • Phone operators

America Turns the Tide • US and Britain used • Merchant ships guarded by navy

Fighting “Over There” • ____________________________– WWI American military •  • Airplane • Tank • Machine Gun • Poison Gas

War introduces new Hazards •  • Trench Foot • Filth • Trench Mouth • Shell Shock • Poison Gas • Disease

Allies Win The War • November 11, 1918, Germans signed an ____________ –agreement to stop fighting

Chapter 19: The Great War 1914-1918

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The Great War 1914-1918 Section 3: The War at Home

Congress Gives Wilson Power • President Wilson changed __________ from consumer to war production • ________________________– improved efficiency in war related

industries • Railroad, Fuel, Food administrations worked to produce and

control consumption

War Affects the Home Front • _______________- War in which countries use all their resources for the war • Entire force of government dedicated to winning the war • 

Selling the War • Raised money by: •  •  • Propaganda to gain support for War War Affects the Home Front •  _______________ –control of amounts and kinds of foods people can have • _______________- One-sided information designed to persuade

Attacks on Civil Liberties Increase • Anti-Immigrant sentiment • Fear of • _______________________– Laws to punish those against the war

War encourages Social Change • Some African Americans believed supporting the war would bring equality • _________________– Movement of African Americans to the North

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North

War encourages Social Change •  •  factories • Offices • Shops • Built planes and tanks • Grew food • Made clothing • 

War encourages Social Change •  • Kills 500,000 Americans • Disrupted economy

Chapter 19: The Great War 1914-1918 Section 4: Wilson Fights for Peace

The Allies Meet and Debate • US President • Georges Clemenceau France’s premier and delegate at Versailles • David Lloyd George of Britain

• _______________Allowing people to decide for themselves about what kind of government they want • _______________Plan for a just and lasting peace •  1 No Secret agreements 2 Free navigation of all seas 3 End all economic barriers 4 Reduce weapons numbers 5 Decisions about colonies should be fair •  New National Boundaries

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•  New National Boundaries •  League of Nations to guarantee independence

Debating the Treaty • June 28, 1919 –

• Nine New Nations • Changing Boundaries • Colonies for France and Great Britain

Debating the Treaty • Took Away Germany’s Army/Navy • Germany paid ____________ • ___________________– War was Germany’s fault Weaknesses of Treaty •  •  • No colonies gained freedom US disapproves Treaty • Congress does not approve Treaty • Too harsh • Too Imperialist •  • Did not want to work with other countries • 

Legacy of War •  • Change for African Americans and women

Legacy of the War • In Europe: • 

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•  • 21 Million wounded •  • Farms destroyed, Factories ruined • $338 BILLION in damages • 

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