U.S.BicyclingParticipation BenchmarkingStudyReportU.S.BicyclingParticipation BenchmarkingStudyReport!!! Conducted!by!Breakaway!Research!Group! Commissionedby! PeopleForBikes! Released!March!2015!

U.S. Bicycling Participation Benchmarking Study Report

Conducted by Breakaway Research Group Commissioned by PeopleForBikes Released March 2015

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This report is privileged and confidential information. This report is for you and your company’s private knowledge and may not be copied, published, reproduced, used or divulged to others in whole or in part without the express written consent of Breakaway Research Group. The Breakaway Research Group name may not be used in any paid advertising in support of a product or service, or point of view without review and approval by Breakaway Research Group. Breakaway Research Group must review and approve all press releases and other documents prepared to assist in the public dissemination of all survey and research data. Breakaway Research Group will complete its review within 48 hours of receipt and usually within less than 24 hours. Contact Jennifer Boldry at 303-466-3811 or [email protected].

Table of Contents

•  Advisory Board……………………………………………………….4 •  Background and ObjecHves…..………………………………..5 •  Methodology……….…………………………………………………6 •  ExecuHve Summary…………………………………………………7 •  Detailed Findings •  Overall…………………………………………………………………………18 •  By Age…………………………………………………………………………31 •  By Gender and Region…………………………………………………40 •  By Income and Ethnicity………………………………………………49 •  By Bicyclist Type…………………………………………………………..58

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Advisory Board

•  Special thanks go to the following for consulHng on methodology: •  Ralph Buehler: Associate Professor, Urban Affairs & Planning, Virginia

Tech •  Charles Chancellor: Associate Professor, Department of Parks, RecreaHon,

and Tourism Management, Clemson University •  Jennifer Dill: Professor, Nohad A. Toulan School of Urban Studies &

Planning, Portland State University •  Susan Handy: Professor, Department of Environmental Science and Policy,

University of California at Davis •  Kevin Krizek: Professor, Programs in Environmental Design &

Environmental Studies, University of Colorado •  Anne Lusk: Research ScienHst, Harvard School of Public Health •  Nancy McGuckin: Travel Behavior Analyst •  Chris Monsere: Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering,

Portland State University •  Elliot Rossen: ExecuHve Vice President, Market OpportuniHes and

InnovaHon, GfK Consumer Experiences North America •  Dean Runyan: President, Dean Runyan and Associates •  Elaine Zanubo: Vice President of Methods and AnalyHcs, Naxion

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Background and Objectives

•  PeopleForBikes works to get more people riding bikes more ocen. Accurate informaHon on bicycling parHcipaHon is essenHal in evaluaHng our overall work and the effecHveness of our key projects.

•  Previous research on bicycling parHcipaHon has been hampered by a variety of methodological limitaHons (e.g., types of bicycling measured, context of parHcipaHon quesHons, etc.). This new parHcipaHon research, which was commissioned by PeopleForBikes and conducted by Breakaway Research Group, is designed to address these limitaHons and standardize how parHcipaHon in bicycling is measured and tracked over Hme.

•  Key project objecHves are as follows: •  Provide a reliable staHsHcal metric for bicycling parHcipaHon among those

ages 3+ in the U.S. •  Develop a methodological approach that can be applied in specific

locaHons to quanHfy parHcipaHon and the impact of investments in infrastructure

•  Track bicycling parHcipaHon rates over Hme to measure the return-‐on-‐investment of programs designed to increase parHcipaHon

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Methodology

•  A 10-‐minute online survey was conducted in November/December 2014 •  A total of 16,193 U.S. adults ages 18+ completed the survey •  Adults with children ages 3-‐17 in their homes also reported on a total of 8,858 children

•  This sample provides an overall margin of error +/-‐ less than 1% at a 95% level of confidence

•  Bicycling parHcipaHon was measured in the context of 10 acHviHes including leisure acHviHes, chores, and sports*

•  The sample was weighted to represent the U.S. populaHon ages 3+ for gender, age, region, ethnicity, and income

•  To control for response bias, those who reported having visited a ficHonal website were terminated from the survey**

6 *Research suggests that asking about a single acHvity inflates reported parHcipaHon whereas asking about an acHvity like bicycling in the context of more than 25 other acHviHes arHficially reduces reported parHcipaHon. **Pre-‐test results revealed that 58% of those who report having visited a ficHonal website report having parHcipated in all acHviHes, compared to only 5% of those who didn’t report having visited a ficHonal website. These results indicate that the ficHonal website metric is an effecHve indicator of response bias.

Executive Summary

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Executive Summary

•  Thirty-‐four percent or 103.7 million Americans (ages 3 and older) rode a bicycle in the past year

•  Of those who rode, about half rode twice a month or less ocen

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% # (in millions) % # (in millions)All Bicycling 34% 103.7 24% 72.9

Participating 1+ Days Participating 6+ Days

BicyclingOccasional (1-‐24) 54%Moderate (25-‐103) 32%Committed (104+) 14%Mean 54.21Median 20.00

Executive Summary

•  Thirty-‐two percent or 95.5 million Americans (ages 3 and older) rode a bicycle for recreaHon in the past year

•  Of those who rode for recreaHon, nearly 60% rode twice a month or less ocen

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% # (in millions) % # (in millions)Recreation 32% 95.5 21% 63.5


RecreationOccasional (1-‐24) 59%Moderate (25-‐103) 31%Committed (104+) 10%Mean 43.20Median 15.00

Executive Summary

•  Ficeen percent or 45.1 million Americans (ages 3 and older) rode a bicycle for transportaHon in the past year

•  Of those who rode for transportaHon, more than 60% rode twice a month or less ocen

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% # (in millions) % # (in millions)Transportation 15% 45.1 9% 27.1


TransportationOccasional (1-‐24) 64%Moderate (25-‐103) 25%Committed (104+) 11%Mean 40.23Median 10.00

Executive Summary

•  Traveling to and from social events and running errands are the most common types of transportaHon trips •  Americans (ages 3 and older) who rode for transportaHon took a median of two trips per week traveling to and from social events and one trip per week running errands

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Executive Summary

•  Among Americans (ages 3 and older) who rode: •  The median number of minutes spent riding per day was 30 (on a typical riding day)

•  Among Americans (ages 18 and older) who didn’t ride: •  Only 12% have never ridden a bicycle •  Twenty-‐nine percent say they are likely to ride in the future •  Forty-‐four percent say they are unlikely to ride in the future

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Executive Summary

•  Bicycling is perceived as a convenient way to travel and many adults say they would like to ride more ocen •  Ficy-‐four percent report bicycling is convenient and 53% would like to ride more ocen

•  However, concerns about traffic pose a significant barrier •  Ficy-‐two percent are worried about being hit by a motor vehicle

•  Improved infrastructure is a key component of safety •  Forty-‐six percent of adults would be more likely to ride if bicycles were physically separated from cars

•  Only 31% are saHsfied with the bike lanes, paths, and trails available to them

•  Twenty-‐nine percent find it easy to connect bicycling with public transit

•  Availability of a working bicycle also poses a challenge •  Forty-‐eight percent of adults don’t have a working bicycle in their household 13

Key Insights

•  Bicycling parHcipaHon is substanHally higher than previously esHmated •  Discrepancies with previous research are likely to due methodological differences (see next slide)

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Type of Bicycling

Days Defining Participation

AgesNumber of activities

Participation %Participation # (in millions)

PeopleForBikes Benchmark (2014)

All Types 1+ 3+ 10 34% 103.7

Physical Activity Council (PAC; 2014)

Recreation 1+ 6+ 120 16% 46.6

Best PFB Comparison (2014)

Recreation 1+ 6+ 10 31% 88.6

National Sporting Goods Association (NSGA; 2014)

Recreation 6+ 7+ 50 12% 35.6

Best PFB Comparison (2014)

Recreation 6+ 7+ 10 19% 55.6

Methodological Differentiators

•  Bicycling parHcipaHon is defined very broadly to include any type of riding that takes place outside •  Including recreaHonal riding and riding for transportaHon

•  Bicycling parHcipaHon is measured in the context of 10 acHviHes •  Research suggests that measuring bicycling parHcipaHon within the context of a single acHvity inflates esHmates of parHcipaHon and asking in the context of more than 25 acHviHes arHficially reduces esHmates

•  The list of acHviHes sets a broad cogniHve framework that includes leisure acHviHes, sports, transportaHon, and chores

•  PosiHve response bias is controlled through reports of visits to a ficHonal website

•  ParHcipaHon esHmates met criteria for external validaHon •  The Pew Research Center esHmates 76% of adults read at least one book in the past year

•  In comparison, 74% of adults who completed this survey said that they read a book at least one day in the past year

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Key Insights

•  Thirty percent of those who rode in the past year did so fewer than six days •  These infrequent riders represent the best opportunity for increasing parHcipaHon frequency

•  Twenty-‐nine percent of adults rode a bicycle at least once in the past 12 months •  Another 21% didn’t ride in the past year but intend to do so in the future •  This group represents the best opportunity for increasing bicycling

parHcipaHon •  Thirty-‐one percent didn’t ride in the past year and are unlikely to ride in the future •  These results are consistent with the Portland State University

findings that 33% of the populaHon belong to the “no way no how” group (Geller, 2009)

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Key Insights

•  More than half of Americans (ages 18 and older) would like to bicycle more ocen and perceive bicycling as a convenient mode of transportaHon

•  Concern about motor vehicle traffic is a key barrier that infrastructure improvements can address •  Infrastructure improvements will have the biggest impact on underserved populaHons such as young adults, females, and non-‐whites

•  Availability of an operaHonal bicycle is also a key barrier suggesHng opportunity for bike-‐share programs, bike libraries, etc. •  Programs that increase access will have the biggest impact on older adults, women, adults with low income, and Blacks 17

Detailed Findings: Overall

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The key Jinding is located in this header

Data charts and tables are located in the middle of the slide

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Related findings of interest are

described in call-‐out boxes

QuesHon text and unweighted base sizes are located in the footer

How to read slides in the detailed findings sec2ons

96%

85%

76%

75%

41%

40%

40%

39%

34%

Watched T.V.

Consumed a beverage with caffeine

Read a book

Visited a social media website

Used any kind of public transportation

Ran or jogged outside

Visited a museum of any type

Worked at home after hours

Rode a bicycle

Percent Participating at Least Once in the Past 12 Months

Thirty-‐four percent of Americans ages 3+ rode a bicycle in the last year

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Twenty-‐four percent rode six or more days in the past year

Q1. In the past 12 months, how many days have you parHcipated in the following acHviHes? Base: All (25,051)

30% 14% 3%7% 32% 14%

Bicycling Frequency

Rode 1-‐5 days

Rode 6-‐12 days

Rode 13-‐18 days

Rode 19-‐24 days

Rode 25-‐103 days

Rode 104+ days

Of those who rode, 30% rode fewer than six days

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Q1. In the past 12 months, how many days have you parHcipated in the following acHviHes? Base: Those who rode a bicycle at least once in the past 12 months (11,233)

Mean: 54.21 Median: 20.00

Of those who rode, most rode for recreation

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Q4. How many of those days did you parHcipate in each of the following types of bicycling? Base: All (25,051)

RecreaHon 57%

TransportaHon 8%

Both 36%

33% 14% 4% 7% 31% 10%

Recreational Bicycling Frequency

Rode 1-‐5 days

Rode 6-‐12 days

Rode 13-‐18 days

Rode 19-‐24 days

Rode 25-‐103 days

Rode 104+ days

Of those who rode for recreation, one-‐third rode six days or fewer

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Q4. How many of those days did you parHcipate in each of the following types of bicycling? Base: Those who ride for recreaHon (10,540)


40% 14% 4% 6% 25% 11%

Transportation Bicycling Frequency

Rode 1-‐5 days

Rode 6-‐12 days

Rode 13-‐18 days

Rode 19-‐24 days

Rode 25-‐103 days

Rode 104+ days

Of those who rode for transportation, 40% rode six days or fewer

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Q4. How many of those days did you parHcipate in each of the following types of bicycling? Base: Those who ride for transportaHon (4,478)


Riding to social events and running errands are the most common

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Q5. During a typical week, how many of the following types of transportaHon-‐related bicycle trips/rides do you take? Base: Those who ride for transportaHon (4,478)

70%

63%

46%

32%

19%

24%

Traveling to and from social,recreation, or leisure activities

Running errands or shopping

Traveling to and from work or school

Traveling to and from publictransportation

Escorting children to and from schoolor daycare

Other type of transportation bicycling

Percent Participating in a Typical Week

Eighty-‐eight percent of adults who didn’t ride in the past year have ridden

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Q12. Have you ever ridden a bicycle? Base: Adults 18+ who have not ridden a bicycle within the last 12 months (10,463)

88%

12%

Ever Ridden a Bike

Yes

No

Twenty-‐nine percent of those who didn’t ride this year intend to do so

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Q13. How likely are you to ride a bicycle in the future? Base: Adults 18+ who have not ridden a bicycle within the last 12 months (10,463)

27% 17% 26% 20% 9%

Intent to Ride a Bicycle in the Future

Extremely Unlikely Unlikely Neutral Likely Extremely Likely

Nearly half of adults don’t have access to an operational bicycle

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Q15. How many operaHonal adult bicycles does your household own? Base: Adults 18+ (16,193)

48%

52%

Access to an Operational Bicycle

No

Yes

Bicycling is perceived as convenient but concern about trafJic is a barrier

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Q16. Please indicate how much you agree with the following statements. Base: Adults 18+ (16,193)

54%

53%

52%

46%

45%

40%

35%

31%

29%

17%

Bicycling is a convenient way to get from one place to another

I would like to ride a bicycle more often

I worry about being hit by a motor vehicle when riding a bicycle in my area

I would be more likely to ride a bicycle if motor vehicles and bicycles werephysically separated by a barrier

I am familiar with the bicycle lanes, paths, and trails in my area

I typically wear a helmet when I ride a bicycle

I worry about my personal safety when riding a bicycle in my area (e.g. beingmugged, etc.)

I am satisfied with the number and condition of the bike lanes, paths, andtrails in my area

It is easy to combine bicycling and public transit in my area

I feel more safe riding a bicycle now than I did five years ago

Perceptions about Bicycling(% selecting 4 or 5)

Those who rode in the last year feel safer than those who didn’t relative to Jive years ago

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Q16. Please indicate how much you agree with the following statements. Base: Adults 18+ who rode a bicycle in the past 12 months (5,730)

44%

50%

38%

43%

51%

28%

26%

36%

13%

74%

63%

63%

56%

54%

38%

37%

34%

29%

I would like to ride a bicycle more often

Bicycling is a convenient way to get from one place to another


I would be more likely to ride a bicycle if motor vehicles and bicycles werephysically separated by a barrier


I am satisfied with the number and condition of the bike lanes, paths, andtrails in my area


I worry about my personal safety when riding a bicycle in my area (e.g. beingmugged, etc.)


Perceptions about Bicycling(% selecting 4 or 5)

Non-‐Riders

Riders

44% of those who didn’t ride in the last year would like to do so more ocen

Detailed Findings by Age

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Throughout this secHon, green/red highlighHng indicates values that are staHsHcally higher/lower than the total at a 95% level of confidence.

The percentage of people who rode declines by age

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Total 3 to 9 10 to 17 18 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55+Unweighted Base 25051 4334 4524 3235 3232 3236 3249 3241Ridden a bicycle 34% 60% 55% 42% 36% 32% 27% 19%Watched T.V. 96% 94% 95% 94% 95% 95% 97% 97%Worked at home after hours 39% 62% 93% 28% 38% 35% 31% 20%Visited a social media website 75% 14% 70% 94% 92% 88% 81% 72%Read a book 76% 74% 86% 83% 79% 73% 68% 72%Ran or jogged outside 40% 59% 60% 68% 56% 39% 24% 15%Used any kind of public transportation 41% 31% 41% 57% 47% 44% 39% 33%Visited a museum of any type 40% 53% 52% 39% 44% 38% 30% 34%Consumed a beverage with caffeine 85% 46% 73% 88% 91% 91% 92% 92%

AgeQ1. In the past 12 months, how many days have you participated in the following activities? Percent Summary

Among those who rode, frequency declines with age

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Total 3 to 9 10 to 17 18 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55+Unweighted Base 11233 2814 2689 1488 1331 1195 1045 671Ridden 1-5 days 30% 12% 17% 39% 40% 36% 36% 36%Ridden 6-12 days 14% 12% 12% 13% 14% 16% 15% 14%Ridden 13-18 days 3% 3% 4% 3% 4% 2% 3% 5%Ridden 19-24 days 7% 9% 7% 8% 7% 7% 8% 3%Ridden 25-103 days 32% 44% 39% 28% 26% 28% 26% 28%Ridden 104+ days 14% 21% 20% 10% 9% 10% 12% 14%

Q1. In the past 12 months, how many days have you participated in the following activities? Bicycling (base bicyclists)

Age

Participation in recreational and transportation riding declines with age

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Total 3 to 9 10 to 17 18 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55+Unweighted Base 25051 4334 4524 3235 3232 3236 3249 3241Recreational riders 1+ 32% 59% 51% 36% 32% 29% 24% 17%Transportation riders 1+ 15% 11% 25% 27% 19% 16% 12% 7%

AgeQ4. How many of those days did you participate in each of the following types of bicycling? Base All

Among those who rode for recreation, frequency declines with age

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Q4. How many of those days did you participate in each of the following types of bicycling? Recreation Riding (base recreational bicyclists)

Age

Those 25 to 34 are particularly infrequent transportation riders

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Q4. How many of those days did you participate in each of the following types of bicycling? Transportation Riding (base transportation bicyclists)

Age

Older transportation riders are most likely to run errands by bike

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Total 3 to 9 10 to 17 18 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55+Unweighted Base 4478 518 1304 882 637 518 390 229Traveling to and from work or school 46% 55% 49% 62% 52% 40% 33% 23%Traveling to and from public transportation 32% 43% 29% 40% 39% 33% 27% 14%Escorting children to and from school or daycare

19% 41% 23% 20% 19% 20% 10% 9%

Running errands or shopping 63% 47% 50% 63% 67% 68% 73% 70%Traveling to and from social, recreation, or leisure activities

70% 81% 82% 71% 68% 66% 62% 60%

Other type of transportation bicycling 24% 27% 21% 23% 20% 25% 24% 31%

Age

Q5. During a typical week, how many of the following types of transportation-related bicycle trips/rides do you take? Percent Summary

Young adults who didn’t ride are least likely to have ever ridden a bike •  However, young adults who didn’t ride in the past year are more likely to intend to ride in the future than their older counterparts

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Total 18 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55+Unweighted Base 10463 1747 1901 2041 2204 2570Yes 88% 85% 85% 87% 89% 89%No 12% 15% 15% 13% 11% 11%

AgeQ12. Have you ever ridden a bicycle?

Total 18 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55+Unweighted Base 10463 1747 1901 2041 2204 2570Extremely Unlikely 27% 16% 15% 19% 24% 39%Unlikely 17% 16% 13% 13% 17% 20%Neutral 26% 33% 28% 32% 28% 21%Likely 20% 22% 26% 26% 22% 15%Extremely Likely 9% 14% 18% 10% 9% 5%Topbox 30% 36% 44% 36% 30% 19%

AgeQ13. How likely are you to ride a bicycle in the future?

Infrastructure is most likely to impact young adults

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Total 18 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55+Unweighted Base 16193 3235 3232 3236 3249 3241Bicycling is a convenient way to get from one place to another 54% 55% 54% 52% 57% 52%I worry about being hit by a motor vehicle when riding a bicycle in my area 52% 50% 53% 53% 54% 51%I am familiar with the bicycle lanes, paths, and trails in my area 45% 46% 44% 44% 46% 44%I am satisfied with the number and condition of the bike lanes, paths, and trails in my area

31% 32% 32% 28% 30% 31%

I worry about my personal safety when riding a bicycle in my area (e.g. being mugged, etc.)

35% 38% 37% 38% 37% 31%

It is easy to combine bicycling and public transit in my area 29% 35% 32% 30% 29% 24%I would like to ride a bicycle more often 53% 55% 61% 59% 55% 44%I would be more likely to ride a bicycle if motor vehicles and bicycles were physically separated by a barrier

46% 50% 53% 49% 47% 40%

I feel more safe riding a bicycle now than I did five years ago 17% 29% 25% 19% 15% 10%I typically wear a helmet when I ride a bicycle 40% 31% 45% 39% 39% 43%

AgeQ16. Please indicate how much you agree with the following statements. Topbox Summary

Detailed Findings by Gender and Region

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The percentage of people who rode is highest among men

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Total Male Female Northeast Midwest South WestUnweighted Base 25051 12684 12367 6067 6489 6331 6164Ridden a bicycle 34% 39% 30% 30% 36% 34% 37%Watched T.V. 96% 95% 96% 96% 96% 96% 95%Worked at home after hours 39% 42% 36% 36% 35% 42% 39%Visited a social media website 75% 71% 78% 76% 77% 72% 75%Read a book 76% 70% 81% 76% 74% 75% 78%Ran or jogged outside 40% 44% 36% 36% 34% 43% 44%Used any kind of public transportation 41% 42% 39% 56% 34% 35% 44%Visited a museum of any type 40% 39% 40% 41% 38% 38% 42%Consumed a beverage with caffeine 85% 84% 86% 85% 88% 84% 84%

Gender Region

Q1. In the past 12 months, how many days have you participated in the following activities? Percent Summary

Among those who rode, frequency is highest in the South

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Total Male Female Northeast Midwest South WestUnweighted Base 11233 6234 4999 2658 3177 2583 2815Ridden 1-5 days 30% 27% 33% 32% 28% 27% 33%Ridden 6-12 days 14% 13% 14% 14% 14% 13% 15%Ridden 13-18 days 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 3% 3%Ridden 19-24 days 7% 7% 7% 7% 8% 7% 6%Ridden 25-103 days 32% 33% 30% 32% 34% 33% 29%Ridden 104+ days 14% 16% 12% 11% 12% 17% 14%

Gender Region


Participation is highest among men for both transportation and recreation

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Total Male Female Northeast Midwest South WestUnweighted Base 25051 12684 12367 6067 6489 6331 6164Recreational riders 1+ 32% 36% 28% 28% 33% 32% 33%Transportation riders 1+ 15% 19% 11% 13% 18% 12% 18%

Gender Region

Q4. How many of those days did you participate in each of the following types of bicycling? Base All

Among those who rode for recreation, frequency is highest in the South

44


Gender Region


The frequency of transportation riding is highest among men

45


Gender Region


Those in the West are especially likely to use a bike for commuting

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Total Male Female Northeast Midwest South WestUnweighted Base 4478 2824 1654 1015 1324 898 1241Traveling to and from work or school 46% 47% 45% 46% 42% 45% 51%

Traveling to and from public transportation 32% 33% 31% 36% 28% 32% 35%

Escorting children to and from school or daycare

19% 19% 19% 19% 16% 21% 20%

Running errands or shopping 63% 66% 58% 65% 65% 60% 64%Traveling to and from social, recreation, or leisure activities 70% 71% 68% 73% 69% 70% 70%

Other type of transportation bicycling 24% 24% 23% 25% 22% 26% 23%

Gender Region


Those in the Northeast are least likely to have ever ridden a bike •  Those in the Northeast and Midwest who didn’t ride are less likely to intend to ride in the future than those in other regions

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Total Male Female Northeast Midwest South WestUnweighted Base 10463 4787 5676 2683 2473 2788 2519Yes 88% 88% 87% 84% 90% 88% 88%No 12% 12% 13% 16% 10% 12% 12%

Gender RegionQ12. Have you ever ridden a bicycle?

Total Male Female Northeast Midwest South WestUnweighted Base 10463 4787 5676 2683 2473 2788 2519Extremely Unlikely 27% 23% 30% 30% 29% 25% 26%Unlikely 17% 18% 16% 18% 16% 16% 18%Neutral 26% 27% 26% 24% 25% 27% 28%Likely 20% 21% 20% 18% 21% 22% 19%Extremely Likely 9% 10% 9% 9% 9% 10% 10%Topbox 30% 31% 29% 28% 30% 31% 29%

Gender RegionQ13. How likely are you to ride a bicycle in the future?

Infrastructure is a particular challenge for females and those in the South

48

Total Male Female Northeast Midwest South WestUnweighted Base 16193 8092 8101 4061 4061 4036 4035Bicycling is a convenient way to get from one place to another 54% 55% 53% 53% 54% 53% 55%


52% 49% 54% 50% 46% 56% 54%


45% 49% 41% 41% 46% 43% 50%

I am satisfied with the number and condition of the bike lanes, paths, and trails in my area

31% 34% 28% 27% 34% 27% 37%


35% 31% 39% 33% 29% 39% 38%

It is easy to combine bicycling and public transit in my area 29% 32% 26% 25% 28% 26% 37%I would like to ride a bicycle more often 53% 54% 52% 50% 54% 54% 53%I would be more likely to ride a bicycle if motor vehicles and bicycles were physically separated by a barrier

46% 45% 48% 44% 42% 50% 48%

I feel more safe riding a bicycle now than I did five years ago 17% 21% 14% 16% 16% 18% 19%I typically wear a helmet when I ride a bicycle 40% 39% 41% 47% 29% 41% 43%

Gender RegionQ16. Please indicate how much you agree with the following statements. Topbox Summary

Detailed Findings by Income and Ethnicity

49


Hispanics are most likely to have ridden a bicycle in the past year

50

Total Under $20K

$20K to< $40K

$40K to< $60K

$60K to< $100K

$100K+ White Black Hispanic Other

Unweighted Base 25051 11830 3848 3071 3534 2768 18857 1912 1823 2459Ridden a bicycle 34% 39% 25% 27% 34% 39% 32% 33% 43% 40%Watched T.V. 96% 94% 97% 98% 98% 98% 96% 95% 96% 92%Worked at home after hours 39% 44% 26% 31% 37% 54% 34% 41% 52% 48%Visited a social media website 75% 69% 82% 81% 81% 79% 76% 72% 71% 77%Read a book 76% 74% 74% 78% 81% 85% 75% 72% 78% 79%Ran or jogged outside 40% 44% 33% 35% 39% 43% 32% 47% 59% 54%Used any kind of public transportation 41% 41% 34% 36% 44% 60% 35% 50% 49% 53%Visited a museum of any type 40% 37% 34% 41% 51% 64% 39% 33% 46% 45%Consumed a beverage with caffeine 85% 78% 93% 92% 94% 94% 89% 77% 77% 80%

Income EthnicityQ1. In the past 12 months, how many days have you participated in the following activities? Percent Summary

Those with incomes less than $20K rode most frequently

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Total Under $20K

$20K to< $40K

$40K to< $60K

$60K to< $100K


Unweighted Base 11233 6386 1152 1015 1401 1279 8551 744 807 1131Ridden 1-5 days 30% 25% 39% 35% 36% 35% 29% 32% 28% 35%Ridden 6-12 days 14% 13% 15% 17% 13% 15% 13% 15% 13% 13%Ridden 13-18 days 3% 3% 3% 4% 5% 5% 3% 2% 4% 2%Ridden 19-24 days 7% 8% 6% 6% 7% 5% 7% 6% 7% 6%Ridden 25-103 days 32% 34% 28% 29% 29% 30% 32% 32% 32% 31%Ridden 104+ days 14% 17% 10% 10% 10% 11% 14% 13% 16% 12%

Income EthnicityQ1. In the past 12 months, how many days have you participated in the following activities? Bicycling (base bicyclists)

Hispanics are most likely to have ridden for transportation and recreation

52

Total Under $20K

$20K to< $40K

$40K to< $60K

$60K to< $100K


Unweighted Base 25051 11830 3848 3071 3534 2768 18857 1912 1823 2459Recreational riders 1+ 32% 35% 23% 26% 33% 37% 29% 31% 41% 35%Transportation riders 1+ 15% 17% 12% 11% 13% 14% 13% 15% 18% 21%

Income EthnicityQ4. How many of those days did you participate in each of the following types of bicycling? Base All

Those with incomes under $20K rode for recreation most frequently

53

Total Under $20K

$20K to< $40K

$40K to< $60K

$60K to< $100K


Unweighted Base 10540 6030 1044 945 1321 1200 8050 707 769 1014Ridden 1-5 days 33% 29% 43% 38% 39% 39% 32% 37% 32% 40%Ridden 6-12 days 14% 14% 16% 18% 15% 15% 15% 14% 14% 15%Ridden 13-18 days 4% 4% 4% 5% 5% 5% 5% 3% 4% 4%Ridden 19-24 days 7% 7% 6% 5% 6% 5% 7% 5% 6% 6%Ridden 25-103 days 31% 33% 25% 28% 28% 29% 31% 30% 31% 28%Ridden 104+ days 10% 13% 6% 6% 7% 7% 10% 10% 12% 8%

Income Ethnicity


Those with incomes under $20K also rode for transportation most frequently

54

Total Under $20K

$20K to< $40K

$40K to< $60K

$60K to< $100K


Unweighted Base 4478 2367 593 440 577 501 3275 326 341 536Non-ridersRidden 1-5 days 40% 37% 48% 43% 43% 42% 37% 47% 42% 41%Ridden 6-12 days 14% 14% 14% 15% 16% 16% 16% 12% 12% 13%Ridden 13-18 days 4% 4% 5% 7% 3% 4% 4% 6% 7% 1%Ridden 19-24 days 6% 6% 5% 6% 6% 9% 6% 4% 6% 6%Ridden 25-103 days 25% 27% 19% 19% 25% 23% 25% 23% 24% 29%Ridden 104+ days 11% 12% 10% 11% 7% 7% 12% 8% 9% 10%

Income Ethnicity


Hispanics are most likely to use the bike to commute and for social reasons

55

Total Under $20K

$20K to< $40K

$40K to< $60K

$60K to< $100K


Unweighted Base 4478 2367 593 440 577 501 3275 326 341 536Traveling to and from work or school

46% 50% 44% 36% 38% 35% 40% 49% 58% 52%

Traveling to and from public transportation

32% 35% 31% 26% 28% 19% 23% 44% 49% 36%


19% 22% 17% 12% 18% 17% 15% 30% 27% 18%

Running errands or shopping 63% 60% 71% 68% 67% 59% 61% 67% 65% 65%Traveling to and from social, recreation, or leisure activities 70% 72% 64% 68% 73% 71% 67% 72% 77% 70%


24% 25% 25% 25% 15% 22% 24% 30% 21% 23%

Income Ethnicity


Non-‐whites who don’t ride are least likely to have ever ridden a bike •  However, non-‐whites who didn’t ride are more likely to intend to ride in the future than are their white counterparts

56

Total Under $20K

$20K to< $40K

$40K to< $60K

$60K to< $100K


Unweighted Base 10463 2089 2696 2056 2133 1489 8048 850 613 952Yes 88% 85% 89% 90% 91% 92% 90% 82% 83% 83%No 12% 15% 11% 10% 9% 8% 10% 18% 17% 17%

Income EthnicityQ12. Have you ever ridden a bicycle?

Total Under $20K

$20K to< $40K

$40K to< $60K

$60K to< $100K


Unweighted Base 10463 2089 2696 2056 2133 1489 8048 850 613 952Extremely Unlikely 27% 28% 28% 28% 21% 22% 31% 18% 18% 21%Unlikely 17% 16% 17% 17% 17% 21% 18% 16% 14% 13%Neutral 26% 27% 26% 25% 29% 22% 25% 29% 31% 30%Likely 20% 18% 20% 20% 24% 25% 18% 24% 27% 23%Extremely Likely 9% 10% 9% 9% 9% 11% 8% 12% 10% 13%Topbox 30% 28% 30% 30% 33% 36% 27% 36% 37% 36%

Income EthnicityQ13. How likely are you to ride a bicycle in the future?

Infrastructure is a particular challenge among non-‐whites

57

Total Under $20K

$20K to< $40K

$40K to< $60K

$60K to< $100K


Unweighted Base 16193 2972 3848 3071 3534 2768 12375 1201 1008 1609Bicycling is a convenient way to get from one place to another

54% 55% 55% 52% 51% 50% 52% 60% 56% 55%


52% 49% 53% 53% 55% 59% 52% 49% 56% 54%


45% 41% 45% 46% 50% 57% 44% 49% 47% 45%


31% 29% 31% 33% 33% 34% 30% 34% 32% 32%


35% 36% 37% 33% 34% 31% 32% 39% 43% 42%


29% 31% 28% 27% 27% 24% 25% 39% 35% 33%

I would like to ride a bicycle more often 53% 50% 53% 53% 58% 60% 52% 54% 57% 55%I would be more likely to ride a bicycle if motor vehicles and bicycles were physically separated by a barrier

46% 44% 46% 46% 51% 52% 44% 48% 53% 53%


17% 19% 16% 16% 18% 18% 14% 23% 28% 23%

I typically wear a helmet when I ride a bicycle 40% 31% 41% 39% 49% 59% 38% 41% 43% 42%

Income EthnicityQ16. Please indicate how much you agree with the following statements. Topbox Summary

Detailed Findings by Rider Type

58


Those who rode for multiple purposes did so most often

59

AllBicyclists

Recreation Only

Transportation Only

Recreation and

TransportationUnweighted Base 11233 6755 693 3785Ridden 1-5 days 30% 35% 39% 20%Ridden 6-12 days 14% 15% 12% 12%Ridden 13-18 days 3% 3% 3% 3%Ridden 19-24 days 7% 6% 4% 8%Ridden 25-103 days 32% 30% 25% 37%Ridden 104+ days 14% 11% 17% 20%

Bicyclist Types


The frequency of recreational riding is relatively consistent across rider types

60

AllBicyclists

Recreation Only

Transportation Only

Recreation and

TransportationUnweighted Base 10540 6755 - 3785Ridden 1-5 days 33% 35% 31%Ridden 6-12 days 14% 15% 14%Ridden 13-18 days 4% 3% 6%Ridden 19-24 days 7% 6% 7%Ridden 25-103 days 31% 30% 32%Ridden 104+ days 10% 11% 10%

Bicyclist Types


Those who rode only for transportation rode most often

61

AllBicyclists

Recreation Only

Transportation Only

Recreation and

TransportationUnweighted Base 4478 - 693 3785Ridden 1-5 days 40% 39% 40%Ridden 6-12 days 14% 12% 15%Ridden 13-18 days 4% 3% 5%Ridden 19-24 days 6% 4% 6%Ridden 25-103 days 25% 25% 25%Ridden 104+ days 11% 17% 9%

Bicyclist Types


Those who rode for multiple purposes are more likely to take all types of trips

62

AllBicyclists

Recreation Only

Transportation Only

Recreation and

TransportationUnweighted Base 4478 - 693 3785Traveling to and from work or school

46% 41% 47%

Traveling to and from public transportation

32% 19% 35%


19% 8% 22%

Running errands or shopping 63% 55% 65%Traveling to and from social, recreation, or leisure activities 70% 39% 77%


24% 15% 26%

Bicyclist Types


Only half of those who rode only for transportation want to ride more often

63

AllBicyclists

Recreation Only

Transportation Only

Recreation and

TransportationUnweighted Base 5730 3074 484 2172Bicycling is a convenient way to get from one place to another

63% 56% 63% 73%


54% 54% 50% 56%


63% 58% 58% 70%


38% 35% 36% 43%


34% 32% 30% 38%


37% 28% 39% 46%

I would like to ride a bicycle more often 74% 75% 55% 77%I would be more likely to ride a bicycle if motor vehicles and bicycles were physically separated by a barrier 56% 56% 47% 58%


29% 23% 24% 38%

I typically wear a helmet when I ride a bicycle 40% 41% 26% 41%

Bicyclist Types

Q16. Please indicate how much you agree with the following statements. Topbox Summary

Thank you

•  For quesHons about this study, contact [email protected].

64

Documents

U.S.BicyclingParticipation BenchmarkingStudyReportU.S.BicyclingParticipation BenchmarkingStudyReport!!! Conducted!by!Breakaway!Research!Group! Commissionedby! PeopleForBikes! Released!March!2015!