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    Dept. of Electronics & Comm. Engineering

    JIET, Jodhpur

    A Seminar Report

    On

    UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS 3.0(SUPER SPEED USB)

    Submitted by

    PAWAN TAK

    in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

    of

    BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B.TECH.)

    IN

    ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

    UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

    PROF. GEETIKA MATHUR

    At

    JODHPUR INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

    MOGRA, N.H. 65, PALI ROAD,JODHPUR-342001

    1

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    JODHPUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLGY

    DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS &

    COMMUNICATION

    CERTIFICATE

    This is to certify that the following student:

    PAWAN TAK (08EJIEC077)

    have successfully completed the Seminar Titled " UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS 3.0(SUPER

    SPEED USB) under the guidance of prof. GEETIKA MATHUR towards the partial

    fulfillment of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communications of

    the Rajasthan Technical University, Kota during academic year 2011 - 2012.

    . .

    Prof. O. P. Vyas Head of

    Dept.

    (Dean Engineering, JIET)

    (Name/Designation)

    .. ..

    INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL

    EXAMINER

    2

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    (Name/ Designation) (Name/

    Designation)

    Acknowledgement

    This seminar was a short period in the long journey of research in life. I owe a deep

    sincere of gratitude to respected Prof. O.P VYAS Sir, Dean Engg., JIET Jodhpur, for

    permitting us to carry out the present work.

    I am highly obliged and grateful to Prof. K.K ARORA Sir and Prof. SANJAY

    BHANDARI Sir, H.O.D. ECE Departmentfor their inspiration and support.

    I express my sincere and humble thanks to Prof. GEETIKA MATHUR Maam

    ,DEPUTY H.O.D. ECE Department, for their expert guidance, friendly disposition and

    relentless effort throughout the work.

    Last but not the least; I would be failing my duties if i could not express my gratitude

    to all my colleagues.

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    ABSTRACT

    In information technology, Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a serial bus standard to connect

    devices to a host computer. USB was designed to allow many peripherals to be connected using a

    single standardized interface socket and to improve plug and play capabilities by allowing hot

    swapping; that is, by allowing devices to be connected and disconnected without rebooting the

    computer or turning off the device. Other convenient features include providing power to low-

    consumption devices, eliminating the need for an external power supply; and allowing many

    devices to be used without requiring manufacturer-specific device drivers to be installed.

    The USB 3.0 is the upcoming version of the Universal Serial Bus (USB). The

    specification of the new standard had been announced by USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF).

    The main feature of the new USB is the raw throughput is 500 MByte/s. The new USB is also

    capable to provide more power to drive the devices. USB 3.0 is highly backward compatible that

    is, it is capable of operating with the current USBs which is USB 2.0

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    JIET, Jodhpur

    1. Contents

    ACKNOWLEDGEMNT -------------------------------------------------------------------3

    ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------------------------------------4

    1. CONTENTS----------------------------------------------------------------------------5

    2. INTRODUCTION----------------------------------------------------------------------6

    3. APPLICATIONS----------------------------------------------------------------------52

    4. ADVANTAGES-----------------------------------------------------------------------54

    5. DISADVANTAGES------------------------------------------------------------------55

    6. FUTURE TRENDS-------------------------------------------------------------------56

    7. REFERENCES---------------------------------------------------------------------- 57

    5

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    INTRODUCTION

    Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a serial bus standard to connect devices to a host

    computer. The USB3.0 is the upcoming version of the USB. The USB 3.0 is also called super

    speed USB. Because the USB 3.0 support a raw throughput of 500MByte/s. As its previous

    versions it also support the plug and play capability, hot swapping etc. USB was designed to

    allow many peripherals to be connected using a single standardized interface socket. . Other

    convenient features include providing power to low-consumption devices, eliminating the need

    for an external power supply; and allowing many devices to be used without requiring manufac

    turer-specific device drivers to be installed.

    There are many new features included in the new Universal Serial Bus Specification. The

    most im portant one is the supers speed data transfer itself. Then the USB 3.0 can support more

    devices than the cur rently using specification which is USB 2.0. The bus power spec has been

    increased so that a unit load is 150mA (+50% over minimum using USB 2.0). An unconfigured

    device can still draw only 1 unit load, but a configured device can draw up to 6 unit loads

    (900mA, an 80% increase over USB 2.0 at a registered maxim um of 500mA). Minimum device

    operating voltage is dropped from 4.4V to 4V. When operating in Super Speed mode, full-duplex

    signaling occurs over 2 differential pairs separate from the non-SuperSpeed differ ential pair. This

    result in USB 3.0 cables containing 2 wires for power and ground, 2 wires for non-Super Speeddata, and 4 wires for SuperSpeed data, and a shield (not required in previous specifications).

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    HISTORY

    PRE-RELEASES:

    I. USB 0.7: Released in November 1994.

    USB 0.8: Released in December 1994.

    USB 0.9: Released in April 1995.

    USB 0.99: Released in August 1995.

    USB 1.0: Released in November 1995.

    USB 1.0

    USB 1.0: Released in January 1996.

    Specified data rates of 1.5 Mbit/s (Low-Speed) and 12 Mbit/s (Full-Speed). Does not

    allow for ex tension cables or pass-through monitors (due to timing and power limitations).

    Few such devices actually made it to market.

    USB 1.1: Released in September 1998.

    Fixed problems identified in 1.0, mostly relating to hubs. Earliest revision to be widely

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    adopted.

    USB 2.0

    1. USB 2.0: Released in April 2000.

    Added higher maximum speed of 480 Mbit/s (now called Hi-Speed). Furthermodifications to the USB specification have been done via Engineering Change Notices

    (ECN). The most important of these ECNs are included into the USB 2.0 specification

    package available from USB.org:

    I. Mini-B Connector ECN: Released in October 2000.

    Specifications for Mini-B plug and receptacle. These should not be confused with

    Micro-B plug and receptacle

    II. Pull-up/Pull-down Resistors ECN: Released in May 2002.

    III. Interface Associations ECN: Released in May 2003.

    New standard descriptor was added that allows multiple interfaces to be

    associated with a single device function.

    IV. Rounded Chamfer ECN: Released in October 2003.

    A recommended, compatible change to Mini-B plugs that results in longer lasting

    connectors

    V. Inter-Chip USB Supplement: Released in March 2006.

    VI. On-The-Go Supplement 1.3: Released in December 2006.

    USB On-The-Go makes it possible for two USB devices to communicate with

    each other without re quiring a separate USB host. In practice, one of the USB

    devices acts as a host for the other device.

    VII. Battery Charging Specification 1.0: Released in March 2007.

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    Adds support for dedicated chargers (power supplies with USB connectors), host

    chargers (USB hosts that can act as chargers) and the No Dead Battery provision

    which allows devices to temporarily draw 100 mA current after they have been

    attached. If a USB device is connected to dedicated charger, maximum current

    drawn by the device may be as high as 1.8A. (Note that this document is not distrib

    uted with USB 2.0 specification package.)

    VIII. Micro-USB Cables and Connectors Specification 1.01: Released in April 2007.

    IX. Link PowerManagementAddendum ECN: Released in July 2007.

    This adds a new power state between enabled and suspended states. Device in this

    state is not required to reduce its power consumption. However, switching between

    enabled and sleep states is much faster than switching between enabled and

    suspended states, which allows devices to sleep while idle.

    X. High-Speed Inter-Chip USB Electrical Specification Revision 1.0: Released in

    September 2007.

    USB 3.0

    On September 18, 2007, Pat Gelsinger demonstrated USB 3.0 at the Intel

    Developer Forum. The USB 3.0 Promoter Group announced on November 17, 2008, that

    version 1.0 of the specification has been completed and is transitioned to the USB

    Implementers Forum (USB-IF), the managing body of USB specifications. This move

    effectively opens the spec to hardware developers for implementation in future products.

    Features

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    1. A new major feature is the "SuperSpeed" bus, which provides a fourth transfer mode at

    4.8 Gbit/s. The raw throughput is 4 Gbit/s, and the specification considers it reasonable to

    achieve 3.2 Gbit/s (0.4 GByte/s or 400 MByte/s) or more after protocol overhead.

    2. When operating in SuperSpeed mode, full-duplex signaling occurs over 2 differential pairs

    separate from the non-SuperSpeed differential pair. This results in USB 3.0 cables

    containing 2 wires for power and ground, 2 wires for non-SuperSpeed data, and 4 wires for

    SuperSpeed data, and a shield (not required in previous specifications).

    3. To accommodate the additional pins for SuperSpeed mode, the physical form factors for

    USB 3.0 plugs and receptacles have been modified from those used in previous versions.

    Standard-A cables have extended heads where the SuperSpeed connectors extend beyond

    and slightly above the legacy connectors. Similarly, the Standard-A receptacle is deeper to

    accept these new connectors. On the other end, the SuperSpeed Standard-B connectors are

    placed on top of the existing form factor. A legacy standard A-to-B cable will work as

    designed and will never contact any of the SuperSpeed connectors, ensuring backward

    compatibility. SuperSpeed standard A plugs will fit legacy A receptacles but SuperSpeed

    standard B plugs will not fit into legacy standard B receptacles (so a new cable can be used

    to connect a new device to an old host but not to connect a new host to an old device; for

    that, a legacy standard A-to-B cable will be required)

    4. SuperSpeed establishes a communications pipe between the host and each device, in a host-

    directed protocol. In contrast, USB 2.0 broadcasts packet traffic to all devices.

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    5. USB 3.0 extends the bulk transfer type in SuperSpeed with Streams. This extension allows

    a host and device to create and transfer multiple streams of data through a single bulk pipe.

    6. New power management features include support of idle, sleep and suspend states, as well

    as Link-, Device-, and Function-level power management.

    7. The bus power spec has been increased so that a unit load is 150 mA (+50% over minimum

    using USB 2.0). An unconfigured device can still draw only 1 unit load, but a configured

    device can draw up to 6 unit loads (900 mA, an 80% increase over USB 2.0 at a registered

    maximum of 500 mA). Minimum device operating voltage is dropped from 4.4 V to 4 V.

    8. USB 3.0 does not define cable assembly lengths, except that it can be of any length as long

    as it meets all the requirements defined in the specification. However, electronicdesign.com

    estimates cables will be limited to 3 m at SuperSpeed.

    9. Technology is similar to a single channel (1x) of PCI Express 2.0 (5-Gbit/s). It uses

    8B/10B encoding, linear feedback shift register (LFSR) scrambling for data and spread

    spectrum. It forces receivers to use low frequency periodic signaling (LFPS), dynamic

    equalization, and training sequences to ensure fast signal locking.

    10.External Hard Drive supports USB 3.0 standard.

    My Book 3.0 desktop external drive features SuperSpeed USB 3.0 compliant interface that

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    provides transfer rates of up to 5 Gbps. Windows PC drive is also backwards compatible

    with USB 2.0 and USB 1.1. Device supports resource-intensive video editing, animation,

    and graphic design applications and is offered standalone or in kit with USB 3.0 PCIe

    adapter card. One and two terabyte models are available.

    OVERVIEW

    A USB system has an asymmetric design, consisting of a host, a multitude of downstream USB

    ports, and multiple peripheral devices connected in a tiered-star topology. Additional USB hubs

    may be included in the tiers, allowing branching into a tree structure with up to five tier levels. A

    USB host may have multiple host controllers and each host controller may provide one or more

    USB ports. Up to 127 devices, including hub devices if present, may be connected to a single host

    controller.[citation needed]

    USB devices are linked in series through hubs. There always exists one hub known as the root hub,

    which is built into the host controller. So-called sharing hubs, which allow multiple computers to

    access the same peripheral device(s), also exist and work by switching access between PCs, either

    automatically or manually. Sharing hubs are popular in small-office environments. In network

    terms, they converge rather than diverge branches.

    A physical USB device may consist of several logical sub-devices that are referred to as device

    functions. A single device may provide several functions, for example, a webcam (video device

    function) with a built-in microphone (audio device function). Such a device is called a compound

    device in which each logical device is assigned a distinctive address by the host and all logical

    devices are connected to a built-in hub to which the physical USB wire is connected. A host

    assigns one and only one device address to a function.

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    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_hubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webcamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_hubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webcam
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    Fig 1.

    USB endpoints actually reside on the connected device: the channels to the host are referred to as

    pipes.

    USB device communication is based on pipes (logical channels). A pipe is a connection from the

    host controller to a logical entity, found on a device, and named an endpoint. The term endpoint is

    occasionally incorrectly used for referring to the pipe. However, while an endpoint exists on the

    device permanently, a pipe is only formed when the host makes a connection to the endpoint.

    Therefore, when referring to a particular connection between a host and a USB device function, the

    term pipe should be used. A USB device can have up to 32 endpoints: 16 into the host controller

    and 16 out of the host controller. But, as one of the pipes is required to be of a bi-directional type

    (the default control pipe), and thus uses 2 endpoints, the theoretical maximum number of pipes is

    31. USB devices seldom have this many endpoints.

    There are two types of pipes: stream and message pipes depending on the type of data transfer.

    isochronous transfers: at some guaranteed data rate (often, but not necessarily, as fast as

    possible) but with possible data loss (e.g. realtime audio or video).

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    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_endpointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USB_pipes_and_endpoints_(en).svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_endpoint
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    interrupt transfers: devices that need guaranteed quick responses (bounded latency) (e.g.

    pointing devices and keyboards).

    bulk transfers: large sporadic transfers using all remaining available bandwidth, but with no

    guarantees on bandwidth or latency (e.g. file transfers).

    control transfers: typically used for short, simple commands to the device, and a status

    response, used, for example, by the bus control pipe number 0.

    A stream pipe is a uni-directional pipe connected to a uni-directional endpoint that transfers data

    using an isochronous, interrupt, or bulk transfer. A message pipe is a bi-directional pipe connected

    to a bi-directional endpoint that is exclusively used for control data flow. An endpoint is built into

    the USB device by the manufacturer and therefore exists permanently. An endpoint of a pipe is

    addressable with tuple (device_address, endpoint_number) as specified in a TOKEN packet that

    the host sends when it wants to start a data transfer session. If the direction of the data transfer is

    from the host to the endpoint, an OUT packet (a specialization of a TOKEN packet) having the

    desired device address and endpoint number is sent by the host. If the direction of the data transfer

    is from the device to the host, the host sends an IN packet instead. If the destination endpoint is a

    uni-directional endpoint whose manufacturer's designated direction does not match the TOKEN

    packet (e.g., the manufacturer's designated direction is IN while the TOKEN packet is an OUT

    packet), the TOKEN packet will be ignored. Otherwise, it will be accepted and the data transaction

    can start. A bi-directional endpoint, on the other hand, accepts both IN and OUT packets.

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    Fig 2.

    Two USB receptacles on the front of a computer.

    Endpoints are grouped into interfaces and each interface is associated with a single device

    function. An exception to this is endpoint zero, which is used for device configuration and which is

    not associated with any interface. A single device function composed of independently controlled

    interfaces is called a composite device. A composite device only has a single device address

    because the host only assigns a device address to a function.

    When a USB device is first connected to a USB host, the USB device enumeration process is

    started. The enumeration starts by sending a reset signal to the USB device. The data rate of the

    USB device is determined during the reset signaling. After reset, the USB device's information is

    read by the host and the device is assigned a unique 7-bit address. If the device is supported by the

    host, the device drivers needed for communicating with the device are loaded and the device is set

    to a configured state. If the USB host is restarted, the enumeration process is repeated for all

    connected devices.

    The host controller directs traffic flow to devices, so no USB device can transfer any data on the

    bus without an explicit request from the host controller. In USB 2.0, the host controllerpolls the

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    bus for traffic, usually in a round-robin fashion. The slowest device connected to a controller sets

    the bandwidth of the interface. For SuperSpeed USB (defined since USB 3.0), connected devices

    can request service from host. Because there are two separate controllers in each USB 3.0 host,

    USB 3.0 devices will transmit and receive at USB 3.0 data rates regardless of USB 2.0 or earlier

    devices connected to that host. Operating data rates for them will be set in the legacy manner.

    1.1 DEVICE CLASSES

    USB3 defines class codes used to identify a devices functionality and to load a device driver

    based on that functionality. This enables every device driver writer to support devices from

    different manufacturers that comply with a given class code.

    Device classes include:

    Class Usage Description Examples

    00h Device Unspecified[8] (Device class is unspecified. Interface descriptors

    are used for determining the required drivers.)

    01h Interface Audio Speaker, microphone, sound card, MIDI

    02h Both Communications

    and CDC Control

    Modem,Ethernet adapter, Wi-Fi adapter

    03h Interface Human interface device

    (HID)

    Keyboard, mouse, joystick

    05h Interface Physical Interface Device

    (PID)

    Force feedback joystick

    16

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-robin_schedulinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecimalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudspeakerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIDI#USBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_communications_device_classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_communications_device_classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_human_interface_device_classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_human_interface_device_classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-robin_schedulinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecimalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudspeakerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIDI#USBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_communications_device_classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_communications_device_classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_human_interface_device_classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_human_interface_device_classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse_(computing)
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    06h Interface Image Webcam, scanner

    07h Interface Printer Laser printer, inkjet printer, CNC machine

    08h Interface Mass storage USB flash drive, memory cardreader, digital

    audio player, digital camera, external drive

    09h Device USB hub Full bandwidth hub

    0Ah Interface CDC-Data (This class is used together with class 02h

    Communications and CDC Control.)

    0Bh Interface Smart Card USB smart card reader

    0Dh Interface Content security Fingerprint reader

    0Eh Interface Video Webcam

    0Fh Interface Personal Healthcare Pulse monitor (watch)

    DCh Both Diagnostic Device USB compliance testing device

    E0h Interface Wireless Controller Bluetooth adapter, Microsoft RNDIS

    EFh Both Miscellaneous ActiveSync device

    FEh Interface Application-specific IrDA Bridge, Test & Measurement Class

    (USBTMC),[9] USB DFU (Direct Firmware

    update)[10]

    FFh Both Vendor-specific (This class code indicates that the device needs

    vendor specific drivers.)

    USB mass storage

    Main article: USB mass storage device class

    Fig 3.

    A flash drive, a typical USB mass-storage device.

    17

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webcamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_scannerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_printerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_printerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkjet_printerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_mass-storage_device_classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_flash_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Card_reader#Memory_card_readershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audio_playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audio_playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audio_playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_hubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_video_device_classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webcamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirelesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetoothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNDIShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActiveSynchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_Data_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_mass_storage_device_classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_flash_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Usb-thumb-drive.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Usb-thumb-drive.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webcamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_scannerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_printerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_printerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkjet_printerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_mass-storage_device_classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_flash_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Card_reader#Memory_card_readershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audio_playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audio_playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_hubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_video_device_classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webcamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirelesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetoothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNDIShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActiveSynchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_Data_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_mass_storage_device_classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_flash_drive
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    USB implements connections to storage devices using a set of standards called the USB mass

    storage device class (referred to as MSC or UMS). This was initially intended for traditional

    magnetic and optical drives, but has been extended to support a wide variety of devices,

    particularly flash drives. This generality is because many systems can be controlled with the

    familiar metaphor of file manipulation within directories (the process of making a novel device

    look like a familiar device is also known as extension). The ability to boot a write-locked SD card

    with a USB adapter is particular advantageous for maintaining the integrity and non-corruptible,

    pristine state of the booting medium. A live USB OS, resident on a write-locked SD card is

    impervious to modification by computer viruses or ill-conditioned software

    Though most newer computers are capable of booting off USB mass storage devices, USB is not

    intended to be a primary bus for a computer's internal storage: buses such as Parallel ATA (PATA)

    (or IDE), Serial ATA (SATA), orSCSI fulfill that role in PC class computers. However, USB has

    one important advantage in that it is possible to install and remove devices without rebooting the

    computer (hot-swapping), making it useful for mobile peripherals, including drives of various

    kinds. Originally conceived and still used today for optical storage devices (CD-RW drives, DVD

    drives, etc.), several manufacturers offer external portable USB hard drives, or empty enclosures

    for disk drives, which offer performance comparable to internal drives, limited by the current

    number and type of attached USB devices and by the upper limit of the USB interface (in practice

    about 40 MB/s for USB 2.0 and potentially 400 MB/s or more for USB 3.0). These external drives

    have typically included a "translating device" that bridges between a drive's interface (IDE, ATA,

    SATA, PATA, ATAPI, or even SCSI) to a USB interface port. Functionally, the drive appears to

    the user much like an internal drive. Other competing standards for external drive connectivity

    include eSATA, ExpressCard (now at version 2.0), and FireWire (IEEE 1394).

    Another use for USB mass storage devices is the portable execution of software applications (such

    as web browsers and VoIP clients) without requiring installation on the host computer.

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    1.1.1

    1.1.2 Human interface devices (HIDs)

    Main article: USB human interface device class

    Mice and keyboards usually have USB connectors. These can be used with older computers that

    have PS/2 connectors with the aid of a small USB-to-PS/2 adapter. Such adaptors contain no logic

    circuitry: the hardware in the USB keyboard or mouse is devices are also progressively migrating

    from MIDI, and PC game port connectors to USB. designed to detect whether it is connected to a

    USB or PS/2 port, and communicate using the appropriate protocol.

    Joysticks, keypads, tablets and other human-interface

    CONNECTOR PROPERTIES

    Availability

    Consumer products are expected to become available in 2010. Commercial controllers are

    expected to enter into volume production no later than the first quarter of 2010.On September 24,

    2009Freecom announced a USB 3.0 external hard drive.

    On October 27, 2009 Gigabyte Technology announced 7 new P55 chipsets motherboards

    that included onboard USB 3.0, SATA Rev. 3 (6Gb/s) and triple power to all USB ports.On

    January 6th, 2010 ASUS was the first manufacturer to release a USB 3.0-certified motherboard,

    the P6X58D Premium.To ensure compatibility between motherboards and peripherals, all USB-certified devices must be approved by the USB Implementers Forum.

    Drivers are under development forWindows 7, but support was not included with the

    initial release of the operating system.[57]TheLinux kernel has supported USB 3.0 since version

    2.6.31, which was released in September 2009.

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    At least one complete end-to-end test system for USB3 designers is now on the market.

    Intel will not support usb 3.0 until 2011

    This will slow down mainstream adoption. These delays may be due to problems in the

    CMOS manufacturing process, a focus to advance theNehalem platform or a tactic by Intel to

    boost its upcomingLight Peakinterface. CurrentAMD roadmaps indicate that the new

    southbridges released in the beginning of 2010 will not support USB 3.0. Market researcherIn-Stat

    predicts a relevant market share of USB 3.0 not until 2011.

    January 4, 2010, Seagate announced a small portable HDD with PC Card targeted for

    laptops (or desktop with PC Card slot addition) at the CES in Las Vegas.

    Fig 4.

    USB 3.0 Hub demo board using the VIA VL810 chip

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    Fig 5.

    Physical Structure of Connectors

    Usability

    1. It is deliberately difficult to attach a USB connector incorrectly. Most connectors cannot be

    plugged in upside down, and it is clear from the appearance and kinesthetic sensation of

    making a connection when the plug and socket are correctly mated. However, it is not

    obvious at a glance to the inexperienced user (or to a user without sight of the installation)

    which way around the connector goes, thus it is often necessary to try both ways. More

    often than not, however, the side of the connector with the trident logo should be on "top"

    or "toward" the user. Most manufacturers do not, however, make the trident easily visible

    or detectable by touch.

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    2. Only moderate insertion / removal force is needed (by specification). USB cables and small

    USB devices are held in place by the gripping force from the receptacle (without need of

    the screws, clips, or thumbturns other connectors have required).

    3. The force needed to make or break a connection is modest, allowing connections to be

    made in awkward circumstances (ie, behind a floor mounted chassis, or from below) or by

    those with motor disabilities. This has the disadvantage of easily and unintentionally

    breaking connections that one has intended to be permanent in case of cable accident (e.g.,

    tripping, or inadvertent tugging).

    4. The standard connectors were deliberately intended to enforce the directed topology of a

    USB network: type A connectors on host devices that supply power and type B connectors

    on target devices that receive power. This prevents users from accidentally connecting two

    USB power supplies to each other, which could lead to dangerously high currents, circuit

    failures, or even fire.

    Durability

    1. The standard connectors were designed to be robust. Many previous connector designs

    were fragile, specifying embedded component pins or other delicate parts which proved

    liable to bending or breaks, even with the application of only very modest force. The

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    electrical contacts in a USB connector are protected by an adjacent plastic tongue, and the

    entire connecting assembly is usually further protected by an enclosing metal sheath. As a

    result USB connectors can safely be handled, inserted, and removed, even by a young

    child.

    2. The connector construction always ensures that the external sheath on the plug makes

    contact with its counterpart in the receptacle before any of the four connectors within make

    electrical contact. The external metallic sheath is typically connected to system ground,

    thus dissipating any potentially damaging static charges (rather than via delicate electronic

    components). This enclosure design also means that there is a (moderate) degree of

    protection from electromagnetic interference afforded to the USB signal while it travels

    through the mated connector pair (this is the only location when the otherwise twisted data

    pair must travel a distance in parallel). In addition, because of the required sizes of the

    power and common connections, they are made after the system ground but before the data

    connections.

    3. The newerMicro-USB receptacles are designed to allow up to 10,000 cycles of insertion

    and removal between the receptacle and plug, compared to 1500 for the standard USB and

    5000 for the Mini-USB receptacle. This is accomplished by adding a locking device and by

    moving the leaf-spring connector from the jack to the plug, so that the most-stressed part is

    on the cable side of the connection.

    Compatibility

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    1. The USB standard specifies relatively loose tolerances for compliant USB connectors,

    intending to minimize incompatibilities in connectors produced by different vendors (a

    goal that has been very successfully achieved). Unlike most other connector standards, the

    USB specification also defines limits to the size of a connecting device in the area around

    its plug. This was done to prevent a device from blocking adjacent ports due to the size of

    the cable strain relief mechanism (usually molding integral with the cable outer insulation)

    at the connector. Compliant devices must either fit within the size restrictions or support a

    compliant extension cable which does.

    2. Two-way communication is also possible. In USB 3.0, full-duplex communications are

    done when using SuperSpeed (USB 3.0) transfer. In previous USB versions (ie, 1.x or 2.0),

    all communication is half-duplex and directionally controlled by the host.

    3. USB 3.0 receptacles are electrically compatible with USB 2.0 device plugs if they can

    physically match. Most combinations will work, but there are a few physical

    incompatibilities. However, only USB 3.0 Standard-A receptacles can accept USB 3.0

    Standard-A device plugs.

    4. In general, cables have only plugs (very few have a receptacle on one end), and hosts and

    devices have only receptacles. Hosts almost universally have type-A receptacles, and

    devices one or another type-B variety. Type-A plugs mate only with type-A receptacles,

    and type-B with type-B; they are deliberately physically incompatible.

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    CONNECTOR TYPES

    Pinouts of Standard, Mini, and Micro USB connectors

    Fig 6.

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    Fig 7.

    Different types of USB connectors from left to right:

    male micro USB

    male mini USB B-type

    male B-type

    female A-type

    male A-type

    There are several types of USB connectors, including some that have been added while the

    specification progressed. The original USB specification detailed Standard-A and Standard-B

    plugs and receptacles. The first engineering change notice to the USB 2.0 specification added

    Mini-B plugs and receptacles.

    The data connectors in the A - Plug are actually recessed in the plug as compared to the

    outside power connectors. This permits the power to connect first which prevents data errors by

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    allowing the device to power up first and then transfer the data. Some devices will operate in

    different modes depending on whether the data connection is made. This difference in connection

    can be exploited by inserting the connector only partially. For example, some battery-powered

    MP3 players switch into file transfer mode (and cannot play MP3 files) while a USB plug is fully

    inserted, but can be operated in MP3 playback mode using USB power by inserting the plug only

    part way so that the power slots make contact while the data slots do not. This enables those

    devices to be operated in MP3 playback mode while getting power from the cable.

    USB-A

    The Standard-A type of USB plug is a flattened rectangle which inserts into a

    "downstream-port" receptacle on the USB host, or a hub, and carries both power and data. This

    plug is frequently seen on cables that are permanently attached to a device, such as one connecting

    a keyboard or mouse to the computer via usb connection.

    USB-B

    A Standard-B plug which has a square shape with bevelled exterior corners typically plugs

    into an "upstream receptacle" on a device that uses a removable cable, e.g. a printer. A Type B

    plug delivers power in addition to carrying data. On some devices, the Type B receptacle has no

    data connections, being used solely for accepting power from the upstream device. This two-

    connector-type scheme (A/B) prevents a user from accidentally creating an electrical loop.

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    Fig 8.

    Pin configuration of the USB connectors Standard A/B, viewed from face of plug

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    COMPARISONS WITH OTHER DEVICE CONNECTIONTECHNOLOGIES

    1. FireWire

    USB was originally seen as a complement to FireWire (IEEE 1394), which was designed

    as a high-bandwidth serial bus which could efficiently interconnect peripherals such as hard disks,

    audio interfaces, and video equipment. USB originally operated at a far lower data rate and used

    much simpler hardware, and was suitable for small peripherals such as keyboards and mice.

    The most significant technical differences between FireWire and USB include the following:

    I. USB networks use a tiered-startopology, while FireWire networks use a tree topology.

    II. USB 1.0, 1.1 and 2.0 use a "speak-when-spoken-to" protocol. Peripherals cannotcommunicate with the host unless the host specifically requests communication. USB 3.0 is

    planned to allow for device-initiated communications towards the host (see USB 3.0

    below). A FireWire device can communicate with any other node at any time, subject to

    network conditions.

    III. A USB network relies on a single host at the top of the tree to control the network. In aFireWire network, any capable node can control the network.

    IV. USB runs with a 5 V power line, while Firewire (theoretically) can supply up to 30 V.

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    V. Standard USB hub ports can provide from the typical 500mA[2.5 Watts] of current, only

    100mA from non-hub ports.

    VI. USB 3.0 & USB On-The-Go 1800mA[9.0W] (for dedicated battery charging,

    1500mA[7.5W] Full bandwidth or 900mA[4.5W] High Bandwidth), while FireWire can in

    theory supply up to 60 watts of power, although 10 to 20 watts is more typical.

    These and other differences reflect the differing design goals of the two buses: USB was

    designed for simplicity and low cost, while FireWire was designed for high performance,

    particularly in time-sensitive applications such as audio and video. Although similar in theoretical

    maximum transfer rate, FireWire 400 has performance advantage over USB 2.0 Hi-Bandwidth in

    real-use, especially in high-bandwidth use such as external hard-drives.

    The newer FireWire 800 standard being twice as fast as FireWire 400 outperforms USB 2.0

    Hi-Bandwidth both theoretically and practically.The chipset and drivers used to implement USB

    and Firewire have a crucial impact on how much of the bandwidth prescribed by the specification

    is achieved in the real world, along with compatibility with peripherals.

    2. Power over Ethernet

    The 802.3afPower over Ethernet has superior power negotiation and optimization capabilities to

    powered USB. Power over Ethernet also supplies more power because it operates at 48V, 720mA

    while USB operates at 5V, 500mA. Ethernet also operates many more meters, with significant DC

    power loss, and will remain accordingly the preferred option forVoIP,security camera and other

    applications where networks extend through a building. However, USB is preferred when cost is

    critical.

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    3. Digital musical instruments

    Digital musical instruments are another example of where USB is competitive for low-cost

    devices. However power over ethernet and the MIDI plug standard are preferred in high-end

    devices that must work with long cables. USB can cause ground loop problems in audio equipment

    because it connects the ground signals on both transceivers. By contrast, the MIDI plug standard

    and ethernet have built-in isolation to 500V or more.

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    CABLES

    The maximum length of a standard USB cable (for USB 2.0 or earlier) is 5.0 metres

    (16.4 ft). The primary reason for this limit is the maximum allowed round-trip delay of about

    1,500 ns. If USB host commands are unanswered by the USB device within the allowed time, the

    host considers the command lost. When adding USB device response time, delays from the

    maximum number of hubs added to the delays from connecting cables, the maximum acceptable

    delay per cable amounts to be 26 ns.

    The USB 2.0 specification requires cable delay to be less than 5.2 ns per meter

    (192,000 km/s, which is close to the maximum achievable bandwidth for standard copper cable).

    This allows for a 5 meter cable. The USB 3.0 standard does not directly specify a maximum cable

    length, requiring only that all cables meet an electrical specification. For copper wire cabling, some

    calculations have suggested a maximum length of perhaps 3m.

    No fiber optic cable designs are known to be under development, but they would be likely

    to have a much longer maximum allowable length, and more complex construction.

    The data cables for USB 1.x and USB 2.x use a twisted pairto reducenoise and crosstalk.

    They are arranged much as in the diagram below. USB 3.0 cables are more complex and employ

    shielding for some of the added data lines (2 pairs); a shield is added around the pair sketched.

    Fig 9.

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    USB 1.x/2.0 cable wiring

    USB 1.x/2.0 Miniplug/Microplug

    33

    Pin Name Cable color Description

    1 VCC Red +5 V

    2 D White Data

    3 D+ Green Data +

    4 GND Black Ground

    Pin Name Color Description

    1 VCC Red +5 V

    2 D White Data 3 D+ Green Data +

    4 ID none permits distinction of

    Micro-A- and Micro-B-Plug

    Type A: connected to Ground

    Type B: not connected

    5 GND Black Signal Ground

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    MAXIMUM USEFUL DISTANCE

    USB 1.1 maximum cable length is 3 metres (9.8 ft) and USB 2.0 maximum cable length is

    5 metres (16 ft). Maximum permitted hubs connected in series is 5. Although a single cable is

    limited to 5 metres, the USB 2.0 specification permits up to five USB hubs in a long chain of

    cables and hubs. This allows for a maximum distance of 30 metres (98 ft) between host and

    device, using six cables 5 metres (16 ft) long and five hubs. In actual use, since some USB devices

    have built-in cables for connecting to the hub, the maximum achievable distance is 25 metres

    (82 ft) + the length of the device's cable. For longer lengths, USB extenders that use CAT5 cable

    can increase the distance between USB devices up to 50 metres (160 ft).

    A method of extending USB beyond 5 metres (16 ft) is by using low resistance cable.The

    higher cost of USB 2.0 Cat 5 extenders has urged some manufacturers to use other methods to

    extend USB, such as using built-in USB hubs, and custom low-resistance USB cable. It is

    important to note that devices which use more bus power, such as USB hard drives and USB

    scanners will require the use of a powered USB hub at the end of the extension, so that a constant

    connection will be achieved. If power and data does not have sufficient power then problems can

    result, such as no connection at all, or intermittent connections during use.

    USB 3.0 cable assembly may be of any length as long as all requirements defined in the

    specification are met. However, maximum bandwidth can be achieved across a maximum cable

    length of approximately 3 metres.

    POWER

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    Fig 13Architecture of USB 3.0

    APPLICATIONS

    The USB ports are used for a number of applications. The USB ports get the popularity

    because of its simplicity as well the easiness in use. The main application of USB 3.0 is listedbelow.

    1. USB implements connections to storage devices using a set of standards called the USB

    mass storage device class (referred to as MSC or UMS). This was initially intended for

    traditional magnetic and optical drives, but has been extended to support a wide variety of

    devices, particularly flash drives. This generality is because many systems can becontrolled with the familiar idiom of file manipulation within directories (The process of

    making a novel device look like a familiar device is also known as extension)

    2. USB 3.0 can also support portable hard disk drives. The earlier versions of USBs

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    were not supporting the 3.5 inch hard disk drives. Originally conceived and still used

    today for optical storage devices (CD-RW drives, DVD drives, etc.), a number of

    manufacturers offer external portable USB hard drives, or empty enclosures for drives,

    that offer performance comparable to internal drives.

    3. These external drives usually contain a translating device that interfaces a drive of

    conventional technology (IDE, ATA, SATA, ATAPI, or even SCSI) to a USB port.

    Functionally, the drive appears to the user just like an internal drive.

    4. These are used to provide power for low power consuming devises. These can

    be used for charging the mobile phones.

    5. Though most newer computers are capable of booting off USB Mass Storage devices, USB

    is not intended to be a primary bus for a computer's internal storage: buses such as ATA

    (IDE), Serial ATA (SATA), and SCSI fulfill that role. However, USB has one important

    advantage in that it is possible to install and remove devices without opening the computer

    case, making it useful for external drives.

    6. Mice and keyboards are frequently fitted with USB connectors, but because most

    PC motherboards still retain PS/2 connectors for the keyboard and mouse as of 2007, they

    are often supplied with a small USB-to-PS/2 adaptor, allowing usage with either USB or

    PS/2 interface.

    7. Joysticks, keypads, tablets and other human-interface devices are also

    progressively migrating from MIDI, PC game port, and PS/2 connectors to USB.

    8. It can also support Ethernet adapter, modem, serial port adapter etc

    9. It can support Full speed hub, hi-speed hub, and SuperSpeed hub.

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    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Micro_USB_phone_charger.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Micro_USB_phone_charger.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Micro_USB_phone_charger.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Micro_USB_phone_charger.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Micro_USB_phone_charger.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Micro_USB_phone_charger.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Micro_USB_phone_charger.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USB-Stecker_Nokia_5130.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USB-Stecker_Nokia_5130.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USB-Stecker_Nokia_5130.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USB-Stecker_Nokia_5130.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Micro_USB_phone_charger.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Micro_USB_phone_charger.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_salehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCRhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FCI/Berg&action=edit&redlink=1
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    10. It can support USB smart card reader, USB compliance testing devices, Wi-Fi adapter,

    Bluetooth adapter, ActiveSync device, Force feedback joystick

    ADVANTAGES

    1. 10x throughput increase vsUSB2.0 (480Mbps -> 5Gbps)cable length reduced to 3M MAX.

    2. Backwards compatibleUSB 2.0 devices will continue to work, and new devices work with

    old systems

    Same USB device model and pipe model

    Host class drivers should work immediately with Super Speed

    3. Power efficientespecially on host, but devices can also benefit

    4. Future improvementsExisting design can support 25Gbps link speeds

    5. Proven basis

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    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Mobile_Terminal_Platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsunghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Ericssonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OMTPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OMTPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USBVacuumCleaner.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus#cite_note-39http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Mobile_Terminal_Platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsunghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Ericssonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OMTPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTIA_%E2%80%93_The_Wireless_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union
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    Signaling based on PCIe and SATA

    6. More power f or super-speed devicesUp to 900mA (USB 2.0 maximum 500mA)

    DISADVANTAGES

    1. Speed issuesThere have been many reports of USB 3.0 equipment only transferring dataat USB 2.0 speed, usuallywith amessage "This USB Mass Storage Devicecan transfer information faster if youconnect it to a Super-Speed USB 3.0port". This has been due to severalcauses, including drivers,certain cables specified as USB 3.0 (problemsdisappeared when a differentcable was used), orderof starting equipment, equipment needing to be disconnectedandreconnected, and overclocked computers.

    2. Intel at present not supporting USB 3.0.

    3. Cable lenght is limited to 3 mts.

    38

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_warthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_disc_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_warthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_warthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inrush_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inrush_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USBVacuumCleaner.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_cleanerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_disc_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_lamphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_warthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_decorationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_cleanerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_lamphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inrush_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filter_capacitor
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    FUTURE TRENDS

    USB 3.0 is the next major revision of the ubiquitous Universal Serial Bus, created in 1996

    by a consortium of companies led by Intel to dramatically simplify the connection between host

    computer and peripheral devices. Fast forwarding to 2009, USB 2.0 has been firmly entrenched asthe de-facto interface standard in the PC world for years (with about 6 billion devices sold), and

    yet still the need for more speed by ever faster computing hardware and ever greater bandwidth

    demands again drive us to where a couple of hundred megabits per second is just not fast enough.

    The Universal serial bus 3.0 is supporting a speed of about 5 Gb/sec ie ten times faster than the 2.0

    39

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcomhttp://www.everythingusb.com/superspeed-usb.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_Controller_Hubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southbridge_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Deviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD_700_chipset_series#SP5100http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_Controller_Hubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nvidiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nvidia_Ionhttp://www.everythingusb.com/superspeed-usb.html
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    version. And it is also faster than the new Firewire product S3200. So hopefully by the help of this

    SuperSpeed data transfer rate the USB 3.0 will be replacing many of the connecters in the future.

    The prototype of the USB 3.0 was already implemented by ASUSE in their motherboard. The

    drivers for the USB 3.0 are made available to the opensource Linux. The Linux kernel will support

    USB 3.0 with version 2.6.31, which will be released around August. Because of the backward

    compatibility of the USB 3.0 the devises which we are using now and the ports we are using

    now(which is USB 2.0) will be working proper with the new USB 3.0 devises and ports. Consumer

    products are expected to become available in 2010. Commercial controllers are expected to enter

    into volume production no later than the first quarter of 2010.

    In a nutshell, USB 3.0 promises the following:

    Higher transfer rates (up to 4.8Gbps)

    Increased maximum bus power and increased device current draw to better accommodate

    power-hungry devices

    New power management features

    Full-duplex data transfers and support for new transfer types

    New connectors and cables for higher speed data transfer...although they are backwards

    compatible with USB 2.0 devices and computer

    REFERENCES

    1. USB 3.0 specifications released by USB consortium

    2. http://www.reghardware.co.uk/superspeed_usb_3_guide

    3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_bus

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    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acer_Laboratories_Incorporatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIA_Technologieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acer_Laboratories_Incorporatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIA_Technologieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_(information_technology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endiannesshttp://www.reghardware.co.uk/superspeed_usb_3_guidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Integrated_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acer_Laboratories_Incorporatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIA_Technologieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_(information_technology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endiannesshttp://www.reghardware.co.uk/superspeed_usb_3_guidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_bus
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    4. http://www.usb.org/developers/ssusb

    5. http://www.usb.org/developers/docs

    6. http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2008/11/superspeed-us-1

    7. http://tech.blorge.com

    8. http://www.interfacebus.com

    9. http://www.everythingusb.com/superspeed-usb.html

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    http://www.usb.org/developers/ssusbhttp://www.usb.org/developers/docshttp://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2008/11/superspeed-us-1http://tech.blorge.com/http://www.interfacebus.com/http://www.everythingusb.com/superspeed-usb.htmlhttp://www.usb.org/developers/ssusbhttp://www.usb.org/developers/docshttp://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2008/11/superspeed-us-1http://tech.blorge.com/http://www.interfacebus.com/http://www.everythingusb.com/superspeed-usb.html
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