USAID’s Contribution In Addressing

Social Mobility in Asia

Adrian Ng’asi, USAID Bureau for Policy

Office of Donor Engagement August 22, 2014

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Key Global Policy Agenda

1.Millennium Development Goals

2.Post-2015 Process

3.Ending Extreme Poverty

Overview

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Key Documents Guiding USG Development Efforts

• Presidential Policy Directive on Global Development (PPD-6)

• Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review

PPD-6 and QDDR

“…To be effective in the 21st century, American diplomacy must

extend far beyond the traditional constituencies and

engage new actors, with particular focus on civil society…”

“…My administration views development as a strategic,

economic and moral imperative…”

- QDDR

- PPD-6

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Ending Extreme Poverty

Cambodian Fullbright Scholars

“...The United States will join with our allies to eradicate such extreme poverty in the next two decades by connecting more people to the global economy; by

empowering women; by giving our young and brightest minds new opportunities to serve, and helping communities to feed, and power, and

educate themselves; by saving the world’s children from preventable deaths; and by realizing the promise of an AIDS-free generation…”

– President Barack Obama, 2013 State of the Union Address

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Integrated Approach to Ending Extreme Poverty

INEQUALITY, GROWTH, AND SOCIAL MOBILITY

“Inequality can undermine progress in health and education, cause

investment-reducing political and economic instability, and undercut the

social consensus required to adjust in the face of shocks, and thus it tends

to reduce the pace and durability of growth”

- Jonathan D. Ostry, Andrew Berg, and Charalambos G. Tsangarides (2014)

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The ROLE OF GROWTH IN PROMOTING SOCIAL MOBILITY

Has played a significant role in reducing poverty and sharing prosperity (Dollar and Kraay 2002)

However, growth on its own lifts fewer and fewer people out of poverty (World Bank 2014)

Social Mobility is a function of better policies that create good paying

jobs and also allow people to engage fully in the development process

For example, long-term human capital investments coupled with labor

market policies have intergenerational effects in assisting children to

have better opportunities than those of their parents

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POLICY SPACE: SOCIAL MOBILITY PROMOTION Encourage policies that promote economic efficiency and social

mobility

Promote fiscal policies that do not have negative externalities on

growth

Introduce legislation that opens opportunities to minorities and

vulnerable groups

Increase spending on health and education to encourage access to

health services and better educational opportunities for the poor.

Reform the labor market to encourage women and youth to fully

participate in the economic and social development of the country

Provide social insurance to sustain long-term gains 9

USAID CONTRIBUTION USAID programs complement host government medium and long-term

development priorities. USAID supports programs that:

Increase access to vocational/technical/higher education and training

for the underserved and disadvantaged, including women, persons with

disabilities and marginalized ethnic groups. This includes the provision of

merit and need-based scholarships, internships and exchange programs

that align with host country development goals.

Improve the quality of higher education and research in support of

country development priorities. USAID promotes public-private

partnerships, including university partnerships and alliances, to deliver

skills, and science and technology relevant to market needs.

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Improve the relevance and quality of workforce development

programs.

The 2010 Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review reflects our

commitment to cultivating women’s leadership. It places women at the

center of U.S. diplomacy and development—not simply as beneficiaries,

but as agents of development, growth, stability, peace and

reconciliation.

Programs have been created to cultivate women leaders in business,

academia and research; strengthen the skills of female legislators and

legislative branch staff; foster women’s leadership as part of social

protection programs; and elevate women’s leadership in the business

community.

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http://www.state.gov/s/dmr/qddr/index.htm

The 2010 Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review reflects our

commitment to cultivating women’s leadership. It places women at the

center of U.S. diplomacy and development—not simply as beneficiaries,

but as agents of development, growth, stability, peace and

reconciliation.

Programs have been created to cultivate women leaders in business,

academia and research; strengthen the skills of female legislators and

legislative branch staff; foster women’s leadership as part of social

protection programs; and elevate women’s leadership in the business

community.

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http://www.state.gov/s/dmr/qddr/index.htm

BILATERAL US OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE (Gross Disbursement, $US thousands)

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PERCENTAGE OF US BILATERAL ODA BY REGION (Net Disbursement)

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Americas8%

Asia20%

Europe2%

Middle East and North Africa

9%

Sub-Saharan Africa35%

Others26%

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Democracy and Human Rights 32%

Economic Development 25%

Health 12%

Humanitarian Assistance 8%

Education and Social Services

8%

Peace and Security 7%

Other 8%

Official U.S. Assistance to Asia Region by Sector, 2012 Disbursements

Source: EADS Foreign Assistance Database, August 2014

USAID/Philippines’ Mindanao Youth for Development (MYDev) is a five-year

project that addresses the key constraints to peace and stability in select

conflict-affected areas in Mindanao by enhancing the life skills and

employability of vulnerable out-of-school youth.

Enhancing Governance Accountability and Engagement (ENGAGE) is a five-

year USAID/Philippines project supporting improved governance to build

prosperity and stability in the Southern Philippines’ Mindanao region.

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GENDER EQUALITY AND FEMALE EMPOWERMENT

No society can develop successfully without providing equitable

opportunities, resources, and life prospects for both man and women.

Reduce gender disparities in access to control over and benefit from

resources, wealth, opportunities and services – economic, social,

political, and cultural.

Reduce gender-based violence and mitigate its harmful effects on

individuals and communities

Increase capability of women and girls to realize their rights, determine

their life outcomes, and influence decision-making in households,

communities, and societies.

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USAID/Nepal’s Health for Life project will strengthen

the Government of Nepal’s capacity to plan, manage

and deliver high-quality family planning and maternal,

newborn and child health services at the district and

local levels.

In partnership with the private sector, support the

regional economic platforms of APEC and ASEAN to

develop and strengthen national and regional

networks of women entrepreneurs

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Support stronger women’s business unions and women-led green

growth enterprises, and link them to clean energy project financing

investors.

In Cambodia, USAID is supporting scholarships for vulnerable youth;

school improvement grants; development and testing of relevant lower

secondary life skills curriculum; teacher training; school management

training; and building capacity of local civil society, including non-

governmental organizations (NGOs), and different government entities.

THANK YOU

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USAID’s Contribution In Addressing �Social Mobility in Asia���Adrian Ng’asi, �USAID Bureau for Policy�Office of Donor Engagement�August 22, 2014슬라이드 번호 2Key Documents Guiding USG Development Efforts 슬라이드 번호 4슬라이드 번호 5INEQUALITY, GROWTH, AND SOCIAL MOBILITYThe ROLE OF GROWTH IN PROMOTING SOCIAL MOBILITYPOLICY SPACE: SOCIAL MOBILITY PROMOTIONUSAID CONTRIBUTION 슬라이드 번호 11슬라이드 번호 12BILATERAL US OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE (Gross Disbursement, $US thousands)PERCENTAGE OF US BILATERAL ODA BY REGION�(Net Disbursement)슬라이드 번호 15슬라이드 번호 16GENDER EQUALITY AND FEMALE EMPOWERMENT슬라이드 번호 18슬라이드 번호 19