Usability of CDD Website

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Usability of Colegio de Dagupan Website

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Website is a connected group of pages on the World Wide Web regarded as a

single entity, usually maintained by one person or organization and devoted to a single

topic or several closely related topics (American Heritage Science Dictionary, 2002).

The Internet and the World Wide Web surely will be listed among the most

important and profound creations of human kind. Today, applications can be written to

communicate with hundreds of millions of computers. The internet mixes computing to

communications technologies. It makes work easier. It makes information instantly and

conveniently accessible World Wide Web.

There are many varieties of websites, each specializing in a particular type of

content or use. In order to attract the attention of the users, the website must meet and

give their expectations.

Website effectiveness is when both the users and owners achieve their goals for

the site. For the users, normally some kind of sequence is involved. Users must know

about the site, then they find the site on the web, then they find the page they want, with

the information they want. The website effectiveness can be evaluated by its criteria,

including first impression, navigation, content and user satisfaction (List, 2006).

Website Usability is the ease with which visitors are able to use a website. It is

not just about making sure everything on the site works, but how quickly and easily


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prospective parent that a school is committed to achieving Government targets for getting

students connected to the National Grid for Learning (Robinson, 2004).

Schools are now putting up their own websites but they have yet to effectively

utilize this technology to bring real benefits to their audience: students, parents, teachers,

and school officials. A school website can be used for other than education means, school

website can include information on the community and build links between businesses,

families, and the schools (Moreno, 2008).

Thus, by using website, there are also some problems that the schools and

businesses encountered. Since, every business is unique, there will be no universal

consensus on the exact priority of damage control measures required to correct or avoid

self destructive business website problems. Site navigation, a common visitor complaint

about most poorly designed schools or business website. Visitors will quickly leave a

website when they cannot find the information that they came for. Information mistakes,

focusing detailed information about specific aspects of the business on specific website

will provide valuable information to each visitor. Each visitor is searching for specific

answers to specific questions. Accessibility mistakes, an accessible website design is

simply following the goals of the World Wide Web. Although information on every

website should be fully accessible to people with disabilities, most website designers

ignore this important website component. Slow web servers, this results in very sporadic

performance based on the activity of other sites. Broken Links, if the site has non-

functioning links, this causes problem (McLaughlin, 2010).


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On the other hand, the University of Sheffield, UK is using a website where it

serves as a key method for communicating and engaging with a wide external audience

including potential students, partners and members of their community. Their goal is to

provide information, documents, and resources to school officials, to survey school

officials on various issues and topics in education and provide polling reports, to inform

school officials regarding the quality and opinions of school products and services, and to

allow school officials to communicate with each other in a professional chat room format.

In the Philippines, almost all universities have websites. They build a website for

educational information for their students, employees and for other visitors of the site.

At present, Colegio de Dagupan is using a website (www.cdd.edu.ph) used by

students and employees for searching necessary information and activities of the school.

According to Engr. Bon Bryan D. Velasco, MIS Administrator of Colegio de

Dagupan, there are some problems encountered by the Colegio de Dagupan website. This

includes, unable to upload files due to server error, security, Internet connection, server

maintenance, low bandwidth, network traffic, naming convention of files, and file

management.

From the researchers perspective, Colegio de Dagupan website and other

business or school websites have the same problem. Therefore, the researchers have come

up with this study entitled Usability of Colegio de Dagupan Website to determine the

users evaluation regarding the website of Colegio de Dagupan.


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Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of the study is reflected in the paradigm as shown in

Figure 1.

The inputs of this research are the extent usability of Colegio de Dagupan website

in terms of effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction, and the significant difference on the

extents of usability of the Colegio de Dagupan website as perceived by students and

employees.

The process to be done is through descriptive-survey research, gathering of

information, analysis of information, float the questionnaire and evaluation of data

gathered. Since the study focuses on the usability of Colegio de Dagupan website, the

researchers will make a survey using questionnaire. Through this method, the researchers

will determine and analyze what are the necessary improvements needed in the

development of the website.

The output of this research is the Usability of Colegio de Dagupan Website.


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ResearchParadigm


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Students. Students need to be involved with the website from its early creation. It

will serve as a resource, and they will be able to use the website in searching information

about their grades and schedules that they needed.

Employees. The website will serve as a resource for them, and they will be able

to use it in searching information about dates and types of school activities, and in

academic matter. This may also served for searching students.

Researchers. The researchers may acquire knowledge and understanding on the

study usability of Colegio de Dagupan website. They can also use the website as a

resource for information research.

Scope and Limitations

The study focuses on evaluating the usability of Colegio de Dagupan website in

terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction, and significant difference on the

extents of usability of Colegio de Dagupan website as perceived by employees and

students.

There are many users of the website, however, only the students and employees of

Colegio de Dagupan will be the respondents due to accessibility and ease for data

gathering.

Definitions of Terms

This research study on usability of Colegio de Dagupan website has the following

definition of terms:

Colegio de Dagupan Website. It is the system used by the institution to provide

information to the users.


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Effectiveness. The degree to which a system fulfills its intended purpose, and supports its

users by enabling accurate and complete task performance.

Efficiency. The resources expended by a system's users in achieving accurate and

complete task performance.

Satisfaction. The capability of the software product to satisfy users in a specified context

of use.

Usability. A term used to denote the ease with which people can employ a particular tool

in order to achieve a particular goal.

Website. A collection of web pages that are accessed through the Internet.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool


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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Website

A website is a collection of web pages (documents that are accessed through the

Internet), such as the one you're looking at now. Generally, people look at websites for

two primary reasons: To find information they need, and to complete a task. A website is

a means of communication, and it is only successful when its message is received by the

intended user (Web Hosting Information, 2010).

Dela Rosa (2001), A Web site is a related collection of World Wide Web

(WWW) files that includes a beginning file called a home page. A company or an

individual tells you how to get to their Web site by giving you the address of their home

page. From the home page, you can get to all the other pages on their site. Since site

implies a geographic place, a Web site can be confused with a Web server. A server is a

computer that holds the files for one or more sites. A very large Web site may be spread

over a number of servers in different geographic locations.

Management Centre International Limited (MCIL) (2003), Effective websites

generate an environment that is logical and does not confuse the user. A site with

excellent content and facilities will be wasted if the user cannot find and access the

information or facilities that they want.
http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid26_gci212251,00.htmlhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci212964,00.htmlhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci212964,00.htmlhttp://searchsoa.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid26_gci212251,00.html


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Website Usability

Bevan (2001)s article, "Usability: the extent to which a product can be used by

specified users to achieve a specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction

in a specified context of use".Usability: a set of attributes that bear on the effort needed

for use, and on the individual assessment of such use, by a stated or implied set of users.

Millions of Web sites offer users information, goods, services, and entertainment.

But many of these sites are difficult to use, do not work properly, and ultimately do not

attract or keep users. By following a usability engineering process, users' abilities to find

information and satisfaction with Web sites improve significantly. Usability measures the

quality of a user's experience when interacting with a product or system-whether a Web

site, a software application, mobile technology, or any user-operated device. In general, it

refers to how well users can learn and use a product to achieve their goals and how

satisfied they are with that process. Usability is typically measured by conducting

usability testing. There are several measures of usability, including: effectiveness,

efficiency, and satisfaction (Website Usability, 2010).

Web usability is the effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction with which users

can achieve tasks on a Web site. It incorporates many aspects including functionality,

structure, information architecture and content. These all affect the ease in which a Web

site can be used by its intended audience. Users look for a Web site that is easy to learn,

easy to use and that helps them achieve their defined goals. It is crucial to the success of a

Web site for the user to regard your Web site as a positive experience that meets their

needs (Usability Process, 2008).


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Usability Measures

Bevan and Macleod (2007), Choosing usability measures a description of the

quality of use should consist of appropriate measures of user performance (effectiveness

and efficiency), and of user satisfaction. Because the relative importance of components

of usability depends on the context of use and the purposes for which usability is being

described, there is no general rule for how measures can be combined. It is normally

necessary to provide at least one measure for each of the components of quality of use,

and it will often be necessary to repeat measures in several different contexts. Measures

of effectiveness relate the goals or sub-goals of using the system to the accuracy and

completeness with which these goals can be achieved. Measures of efficiency relate the

level of effectiveness achieved to the expenditure of resources. The resources may be

mental or physical effort, which can be used to give measures of human efficiency, or

time, which can be used to give a measure of temporal efficiency or financial cost, which

can be used to give a measure of economic efficiency. Measures of satisfaction describe

the perceived usability of the overall system by its users and the acceptability to the

system to the people who use it and to other people affected by its use. Measures of

satisfaction may relate to specific aspects of the system or may be measures of

satisfaction with the overall system.

Extent of Usability

Travis (2005), Usability is the extent to which a product can be used by specified

users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a

specified context of use. Note the three components in this definition: Effectiveness,


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Efficiency, and Satisfaction. Effectiveness is the accuracy and completeness with which

customers achieve their goals. Efficiency is the accuracy and completeness of goals

achieved in relation to resources. To come up with an efficiency rating, it needs to

measure how long people take to complete the task. Satisfaction is the freedom from

discomfort and positive attitudes toward the use of the system. Measures of satisfaction

are then taken using a questionnaire.

Usability is the extent to which users can access the functionality of a system with

effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction to achieve specific goals. Employing

user/human-centered design processes helps ensure that products or systems are highly

usable and meet users' needs. These processes emphasize and utilize the user perspective

throughout design, development, and test. Effectiveness is the degree to which a system

fulfills its intended purpose and supports its users by enabling accurate and complete task

performance. Efficiency is the resources expended by a system's users in achieving

accurate and complete task performance. Satisfaction is the user's perceived acceptability

of the system (Usability, 2007).

Usability Testing

Usability testing measures the suitability of the software for its users, and is

directed at measuring the effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction with which specified

users can achieve specified goals in particular environments or contexts of

use. Effectiveness is the capability of the software product to enable users to achieve

specified goals with accuracy and completeness in a specified context of use. Efficiency

is the capability of the product to enable users to expend appropriate amounts of


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resources in relation to the effectiveness achieved in a specified context of

use. Satisfaction is the capability of the software product to satisfy users in a specified

context of use (Usability guidelines, 2006).

VNET5 (2001), Evaluation of user satisfaction aim to discover what people think

and feel about using a website, to assess the perceived quality of use. It is based on

asking people to share their experiences and opinions, usually in as structured way by

responding to specific spoken or written questions.

This literature will serve as a guide and supporting information of the researchers

to the study Usability of Colegio de Dagupan Website.


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Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The researchers used descriptive-survey. Descriptive research answers the

questions what, when, where, who and how. It often the best approach is to conduct a

survey investigation. Descriptive survey is a method that deals with everything that can

be counted and studied. It is used for frequencies, averages, and other statistical

calculations (Trochim, W.M.K, 2006).

Survey usually used to find the fact by collecting the data directly from

population or sample describe the nature of existing condition or look forward the

standards against existing condition or determine the relationship that exists between

specific events. It uses various tools to collect the data from population or samples. They

are ranging from observation, interview to questionnaire (Survey Research, 2008).

This method was deemed appropriate, since the study will only describe the

usability of Colegio de Dagupan website by conducting a survey from its users the

students and employees of the school.

Sources of Data

There are one hundred (100) respondents of this study, fifty (50) students and fifty

(50) employees regarding the study usability of Colegio de Dagupan website. The

researchers will use a statistical technique which is the stratified sampling. It is the


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process of grouping members of the population into relatively homogeneous subgroups

before sampling (Stratified Sampling, 2004).

Instrumentation and Data Collection

The questionnaire will be distributed by the researchers among the one hundred

(100) respondents of Colegio de Dagupan, from school year of 2010 to 2011 to evaluate

the usability of Colegio de Dagupan website. It has the advantages of being inexpensive,

require no testing equipment, and results reflect the users opinions. When written

carefully and given to actual users who have experience with the system and knowledge

of design, surveys provide useful feedback on the strong and weak areas on the usability

of a design. The distribution of questionnaires will be done personally by the researchers.

The contents of the questionnaire will be the measures of usability: effectiveness,

efficiency, and satisfaction, and the significant difference on the extents of usability of

Colegio de Dagupan website as perceived by students and employees. Five instructors of

different Universities in Pangasinan will validate the questionnaire.

The following scale was used to evaluate the usability of Colegio de Dagupan

website.

Arbitrary Value Descriptive Equivalent

5 Excellent

4 Very Good

3 Good2 Fair

1 Poor


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Tools for Data Analysis

The researchers will use a statistical tool in analyzing the data on the Usability of

Colegio de Dagupan Website.

For statement of the problem number 1 (one) and 2 (two), weighted mean is being

used to analyze the gathered data. T-test is also used to determine the significant

difference on the extents of usability of Colegio de Dagupan website as perceived by

students and employees.

The following likert scale will be use to interpret the computed weighted mean.

Arbitrary Value Statistical Limit Descriptive Equivalent

5 4.21-5.00 Excellent

4 3.41-4.20 Very Good

3 2.61-3.40 Good

2 1.81-2.60 Fair1 1.00-1.80 Poor


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Table 1

Extent of Usability of Colegio de Dagupan Website in terms of EFFECTIVENESS

(n=100)

Students Employees

Usability Variables Weighted Mean Description Weighted Mean Description

1. Accuracy ofInformation

Sources of Information

and factual data clearlylisted and available.

1.94 Very Good 2.06 Very Good

2. SecurityThe website includes

adequate provisions forprotecting the security of

the files and otherconfidential information.


3. Responsiveness

The website responds to

your actions as expected.


4. Understandability

The purpose of the

website isunderstandable.


5. InteroperabilityInterfaces of website arecompletely understood.


6. SuitabilityQuality of Website in

having the properties that

are right for a specificpurpose.


Over-All Average

Weighted Mean



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Figure 2

Extent of Usability of Colegio de Dagupan Website in terms of Effectiveness

b. Efficiency

Table 2, shows the survey results conducted by the researchers, which was based

on the extent of Usability of Colegio de Dagupan Website in terms of Efficiency. The

computed total Average Weighted Mean (AWM) on the extent of Efficiency was 3.74

that implies Very Good. This reveals that the respondents evaluation scores well in

terms of its Efficiency. Ability of the users to accomplish when performing through the

website has a minimum expenditure of time and effort.

Figure 3 displays the graph of extent of Usability of Colegio de Dagupan Website

in terms of Efficiency. Question number six (6) has the value of 3.82 that implies Very

Good according to the computed weighted mean. It represents the highest percentage of

evaluation of the respondents among the six (6) extent of Efficiency. Question number


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one (1) has the value of 3.56 that implies Very Good according to the computed

weighted mean. It represents the lowest percentage of evaluation of the respondents.

Table 2

Extent of Usability of Colegio de Dagupan Website in terms of EFFICIENCY

(n=100)

Students Employees

Usability Variables Weighted

Mean

Description Weighted Mean Description

1. Time in completing taskTime spent per completing

task is not too long.


2. Accessibility

All users can have equal

access to information andfunctionality.


3. Operability

Everybody can use the

website.


4. Behavior

Clicking links did not

spawn new windows.


5. Utilization

Proportion of the availabletime that the website is

operating.


6. Productivity

Productivity of the surface

within the operational timethrough an expected

behavior style utilizing the

minimal resources.


Over-All Average

Weighted Mean



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Figure 3

Extent of Usability of Colegio de Dagupan Website in terms of Efficiency

c. Satisfaction

Table 3, shows the survey results conducted by the researchers, which was based

on the extent of Usability of Colegio de Dagupan Website in terms of Satisfaction. The

computed total Average Weighted Mean (AWM) on the extent of Satisfaction was 3.76

that implies Very Good. This reveals that the respondents evaluation scores well in

terms of its Satisfaction. The website fulfills the contentment of the users needs and

expectation.

Figure 4 displays the graph of extent of Usability of Colegio de Dagupan Website

in terms of Satisfaction. Question number two (2) has the value of 3.84 that implies

Very Good according to the computed weighted mean. It represents the highest

percentage of evaluation of the respondents among the five (5) extent of Satisfaction.


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Question number five (5) has the value of 3.68 that implies Very Good according to the

computed weighted mean. It represents the lowest percentage of evaluation of the

respondents.

Table 3

Extent of Usability of Colegio de Dagupan Website in terms of SATISFACTION(n=100)

Students Employees

Usability Variables Weighted Mean Description Weighted Mean Description

1. Availability

The website is available 24hours or 7 days a week.


2. AcceptabilityThe overall facilities of

website are acceptable.


3. RecoverabilityMistakes can be easily and

quickly recovered.


4. Maturity

Provide a road map for

success tailored within the

appropriate category.


5. ToleranceThe website has the

capacity of recognizing the

opinions, practices, or

behavior of others.


Over-All Average

Weighted Mean



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that the difference between the extent of effectiveness as perceived by students and

employees is not significant.

Table 5

Efficiency of Colegio de Dagupan Website as perceived by students and employees

Mean Standard

Deviation

Mean

Difference

T-Value Decision

Students 3.72 1.22

-0.04 -0.162820491 NS

Employees 3.76 1.24

Table 5 shows that in terms of Efficiency, between the students and employees,

there is a difference of -0.04, but statistically analysis shows that using t-test

(Independent) at 0.05 level of significance the null hypotheses is accepted which means

that the difference between the extent of efficiency as perceived by students and


Table 6Satisfaction of Colegio de Dagupan Website as perceived by students and employees

Mean StandardDeviation

MeanDifference

T-Value Decision

Students 3.792 1.15

0.068 0.298478328 NS

Employees 3.724 1.13

Table 6 shows that in terms of Satisfaction, between the students and employees,

there is a difference of 0.068, but statistically analysis shows that using t-test

(Independent) at 0.05 level of significance the null hypotheses is accepted which means


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that the difference between the extent of satisfaction as perceived by students and



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Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

This study evaluated the extent of Usability of Colegio de Dagupan Website in

terms of Effectiveness, Efficiency and Satisfaction. The evaluation of the respondents

regarding its Usability of Colegio de Dagupan Website has been analyzed by the

researchers. It also intends to answer the significant difference on the extents of Usability

of Colegio de Dagupan Website as perceived students and employees.

For the purpose of the study, one hundred (100) respondents were asked to answer

the survey question for better result. Fifty (50) students and fifty (50) employees who are

aware and using the website. The researchers used the descriptive survey method of

research using questionnaire as the main tool of gathering data. Average Weighted Mean

was used in determining statistical result to clearly interpret necessary details from the

evaluation made by the respondents. Further, t-test is also used to determine the

significant difference on the extents of Colegio de Dagupan website as perceived by

students and employees.

Based from the evaluation of Colegio de Dagupan students and employees

regarding the Extent of Usability of Colegio de Dagupan Website, the findings for the

effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction is Very Good. Average Weighted Mean (AWM)

is 3.89 for effectiveness, 3.74 for efficiency, and 3.76 for satisfaction.


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For the significant difference on the extents of usability of Colegio de Dagupan

website, using t-test (Independent) at 0.05 level of significance the null hyphotheses is

accepted which means that the difference between the extents of effectiveness, efficiency,

and satisfaction as perceived by students and employees is not significant.

Conclusions

1. Extent of usability of Colegio de Dagupan website

a. Effectiveness

The extent of Usability of Colegio de Dagupan Website on these criteria, the

respondents generally implies Very Good that the Colegio de Dagupan Website is

Effective. The website provides accurate information, security, responsiveness,

understandability, interoperability, and suitability. This reveals that the respondents

evaluation scores well in terms of effectiveness of Colegio De Dagupan Website.

b. Efficiency



Efficient. Time spent in completing task is not too long, the website is accessibility,

operability; behave when it comes in clicking links, utilization of the time, and

productivity. This reveals that the respondents evaluation scores well in terms of

efficiency of Colegio De Dagupan Website.

c. Satisfaction




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Satisfying. The website provides availability, acceptability, recoverability, maturity, and

tolerance. This reveals that the respondents evaluation scores well in terms of

satisfaction of Colegio de Dagupan website.

2. There is no significant difference on the extent of effectiveness, efficiency, and

satisfaction as perceived by students and employees.

Recommendations

Based from the findings and conclusions of this study, the following

recommendations were presented.

1. Since, majority of the respondents evaluated the usability of Colegio de Dagupan

website Very Good, the institution should maintain the performance of the website by

making an evaluation every semester to presently update what are the necessary

improvement will be more noticeably take an attention.

2. The same study may be conducted with larger sample, different groups of users to

enhance more the usability of Colegio de Dagupan website. Evaluation of the website

should be done on a frequent and regular basis, should consider needs of all user groups,

and results should be used in website updating.

3. The administrator of the website should provide an online evaluation for those who

visit the website. Some suggestions may also require determining the perception and

some comments of the users.


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Appendices A

Sample Questionnaire

To our valued respondents:This questionnaire is about the Usability of Colegio de Dagupan Website, which

is being studied by the researchers for the development of this thesis as a requirement for

the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science.

Your honest response will be of great help and will be appreciated. Your answers

to this questionnaire will be treated to the strictest level of confidentiality.

Thank you very much.

Respectfully yours,The Researchers

QUESTIONNAIRE

Name (optional)

Student Employee

Gender:

Male Female

Directions: Put a check mark [ ] on the column that corresponds to your evaluation.Please make use of the legend below as your guide.

5 Excellent

4 Very Good3 Good2 Fair

1 Poor


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6. ProductivityProductivity of the surface within the operational time through an

expected behavior style utilizing the minimal resources.

C. SatisfactionUSABILITY VARIABLES 5 4 3 2 1

1. AvailabilityThe website is available 24 hours or 7 days a week.

2. AcceptabilityThe overall facilities of website are acceptable.

3. RecoverabilityMistakes can be easily and quickly recovered.

4. MaturityProvide a road map for success tailored within the appropriate

category.

5. ToleranceThe website has the capacity of recognizing the opinions,practices, or behavior of others.

Retrieved from: Metric Based Architecture to Enhance Software Usability, 2009http://www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2009/IMECS2009_pp1058-1062.pdf

Comments and Suggestions:
http://www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2009/IMECS2009_pp1058-1062.pdfhttp://www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2009/IMECS2009_pp1058-1062.pdf


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s/music94.pdf&w=usability+effectiveness+efficiency+satisfaction&d=aS1MJ_E

UYGH&icp=1&.intl=us&sig=qmUFbjLwM1cK7DEfTdzj8w--2007

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http://www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2009/IMECS2009_pp1058-1062.pdf

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from

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school-community.html

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ess.html

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http://www.hf.faa.gov/Webtraining/Usability/u03_definition.html

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http://www.testingstandards.co.uk/usability_guidelines.html

VNET5, Retrieved 2001-2003, Information Society Technologies, from

http://www.vnet5.org/pub/approach/satisfaction.html

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http://www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2009/IMECS2009_pp1058-1062.pdfhttp://www.microisv.com.ph/blog/delivering-the-benifit-of-a-website-to-the-school-community.htmlhttp://www.microisv.com.ph/blog/delivering-the-benifit-of-a-website-to-the-school-community.htmlhttp://www.pegasusinfocorp.com/resources/articles/importance_of_website_businhttp://www.vnet5.org/pub/approach/satisfaction.htmlhttp://www.amblesideprimary.com/webwise/whyweb.htmlhttp://www.amblesideprimary.com/webwise/whyweb.htmlhttp://www.vnet5.org/pub/approach/satisfaction.htmlhttp://www.pegasusinfocorp.com/resources/articles/importance_of_website_businhttp://www.microisv.com.ph/blog/delivering-the-benifit-of-a-website-to-the-school-community.htmlhttp://www.microisv.com.ph/blog/delivering-the-benifit-of-a-website-to-the-school-community.htmlhttp://www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2009/IMECS2009_pp1058-1062.pdf

Documents

Usability of CDD Website