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Usability and Human Factors
Cognition and Human Performance
Lecture bThis material (Comp15_Unit3b) was developed by Columbia University, funded by the Department of Health and Human
Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number 1U24OC000003.
Cognition and Human PerformanceLearning Objectives
2
• Describe the processes of memory and their relationship to web-design (Lecture b)
• Describe the cognitive constructs for mental representation (Lecture b)
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Usability and Human Factors Cognition and Human Performance
Lecture b
Memory
3Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Usability and Human Factors Cognition and Human Performance
Lecture b
Memory Processes
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Usability and Human Factors Cognition and Human Performance
Lecture b
Working memory (WM)
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Usability and Human Factors Cognition and Human Performance
Lecture b
WM Capacity Constraints
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Usability and Human Factors Cognition and Human Performance
Lecture b
Long-term memory (LTM)
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Usability and Human Factors Cognition and Human Performance
Lecture b
Carving Up Knowledge
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Usability and Human Factors Cognition and Human Performance
Lecture b
Cognitive Constructs for Mental Representation
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Usability and Human Factors Cognition and Human Performance
Lecture b
Schemata
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Usability and Human Factors Cognition and Human Performance
Lecture b
Schemata (Cont.)
• To process information with the use of a schema is to determine which model best fits the incoming information.– Does the animal at a distance more closely resemble a dog or a
cat?
• Features of schemata.– constants (all birds have wings) and – variables (chairs can have between 1 and 4 legs);
• Aimed at evaluating how well they fit to the data being processed– Does the patient’s chest pain seem more like a case of
heartburn or might he be having a heart attack?
11Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Usability and Human Factors Cognition and Human Performance
Lecture b
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Usability and Human Factors Cognition and Human Performance
Lecture b
Bird Schema
• Type: – animal
• Locomotion: – flies* (default value)– walks– swims
• Communication: – sings*– squawks
• Size:– small*– medium– large
• Habitat:– trees*– lands– waters
• Food:– insects*– seeds– fish
• Colors:– Variable
(Kaufman, 2010.)
Scripts
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Usability and Human Factors Cognition and Human Performance
Lecture b
Cognition and Human Performance Summary – Lecture b
• Structure of memory with a particular focus on working memory
• Cognitive constructs for mental representation– Schemata– Scripts
• Next lecture: mental models and distributed cognition
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Usability and Human Factors Cognition and Human Performance
Lecture b
Cognition and Human PerformanceReferences – Lecture b
References
Preece, J. Rogers, Y. & Sharp, H. (2007) Interaction Design: Beyond Human-Computer Interaction. 2nd Edition. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Images:
Slide 12: Kaufman, D. (2010). Personal image of bird schema. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center.
15Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Usability and Human Factors Cognition and Human Performance
Lecture b