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Culture of the United StatesFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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This article is about the culture of the United States. For customs and way of life, see Society ofthe United States.

The development of the culture of the United States of Americahistory, holidays, sports,

religion, cuisine, literature,poetry, music, dance, visual arts, cinema, and architecturehas beenmarked by a tension between two strong sources of inspiration: European ideals, especially

British, and domestic originality.

American culture encompasses traditions, ideals, customs, beliefs, values, arts, and innovationsdeveloped both domestically and imported via colonization and immigration. Prevalent ideas and

ideals from the European continent such as democracy, capitalism, various forms ofmonotheism, and civil liberties are present as well as those which evolved domestically such as

important national holidays, uniquely American sports, proud military tradition, innovations inthe arts and entertainment, and a strong sense ofnational pride among the population as a whole.

It includes both conservative and liberal elements, military and scientific competitiveness,political structures, risk taking and free expression, materialist and moral elements.

It also includes elements which evolved fromNative Americans, and other ethnic subcultures;

most prominently the culture ofAfrican-American slave descendents and different cultures from


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Latin America. Many cultural elements, especially popular culture have been exported across theglobe through modern mass media where American culture is sometimes resented. A few of the

cultural elements have remained rather exclusive to North America.

Culture of the

United States

Architecture

Cinema

Comic books

Cuisine

Dance

FolkloreLiterature

Music

Poetry

Radio

SculptureSports

Television

Theater

Visual arts

American culture is full of different ethnic and religious cultures of other countries.

Contents

[hide]

y 1 Literature

y 2 Faith

o 2.1 Religious statistics for the United Statesy 3 National holidays

y 4 Cuisiney 5 Sports

o 5.1 Sports and community culturey 6 Scientific

y 7 Visual artso 7.1 Architecture

o 7.2 Sculpturey 8 Popular culture

o 8.1 Fashiono 8.2 Theater

o 8.3 Televisiono 8.4 Music

o 8.5 Filmso 8.6 Dance


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o 8.7 Firearms

y 9 See alsoy 10 References

y 11 External links

[edit] Literature

Mark Twain is regarded as among the greatest writers in American history.Main article: Literature of the United States

In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, American art and literature took most of its cues

from Europe. Writers such asNathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, and Henry David Thoreau

established a distinctive American literary voice by the middle of the nineteenth century. MarkTwain and poet Walt Whitman were major figures in the century's second half; Emily Dickinson,

virtually unknown during her lifetime, would be recognized as America's other essential poet.Eleven U.S. citizens have won theNobel Prize in Literature, most recently Toni Morrison in

1993. Ernest Hemingway, the 1954 Nobel laureate, is often named as one of the most influentialwriters of the twentieth century.

[1]A work seen as capturing fundamental aspects of the national

experience and charactersuch as Herman Melville'sMoby-Dick(1851), Twain's TheAdventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), and F. Scott Fitzgerald'sThe Great Gatsby (1925)

may be dubbed the "Great American Novel". Popular literary genres such as the Western andhardboiled crime fiction were developed in the United States.

[edit] Faith

Main article: Religion in the United States


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Completed in 1716, Mission Nuestra Seora de la Pursima Concepcin de Acua is one of

numerous surviving colonial Spanish missions in the United States. These were primarily used toconvert theNative Americans to Roman Catholicism.

Surrounded by sleek modern skyscrapers, Saint Patrick's Cathedral stands as the last old world

holdout of New York's Rockefeller Plaza

Among developed countries, the US is one of the most religious in terms of its demographics.

According to a 2002 study by the Pew Global Attitudes Project, the US was the only developednation in the survey where a majority of citizens reported that religion played a "very important"

role in their lives, an attitude similar to that found in its neighbors in Latin America.[2]

Several of the original Thirteen Colonies were established by English and Irish settlers who

wished to practice their own religion without discrimination or persecution as religiousextremists in Europe: Pennsylvania was established by Quakers, Maryland by Roman Catholicsand the Massachusetts Bay Colony by Puritans. Nine of the thirteen colonies had official public

religions. Yet by the time of the Philadelphia Convention of 1787, the United States became oneof the first countries in the world to enact freedom of religion by way of a codified separation of

church and state.


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Modeling the provisions concerning religion within the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom,the framers of the United States Constitution rejected any religious test for office, and the First

Amendment specifically denied the central government any power to enact any law respectingeither an establishment of religion, or prohibiting its free exercise. In following decades, the

animating spirit behind the constitution's Establishment Clause led to the disestablishment of the

official religions within the member states. The framers were mainly influenced by secular,Enlightenment ideals, but they also considered the pragmatic concerns of minority religiousgroups who did not want to be under the power or influence of a state religion that did not

represent them.[3]

Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence said "The priesthas been hostile to liberty. He is always in alliance with the despot."

[4]

[edit] Religious statistics for the United States

It should be noted the following information is a ballpark estimate as actual statistics constantly

vary.

According to the CIA,

[5]

the following is the percentage of followers of different religions in theUnited States:

y Christians: (78.5%)o Protestant (51.3%)

o Roman Catholic (23.9%)o Mormon (1.7%)

o other Christian (1.6%)y unaffiliated (12.1%)

y none (4%)y other or unspecified (2.5%)

yJewish (1.

7%)

y Buddhist (0.7%)

y Muslim (0.1%)

[edit] National holidays


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Fireworks light up the sky over the Washington Monument. Americans traditionally shoot

fireworks throughout the night on the Fourth of July.

Martin Luther King Day memorializes the legacy ofDr. King, who is widely regarded as thePatriarch of the Civil Rights Movement. Dr. King is pictured above delivering his "I Have a

Dream" speech.

Halloween is a widely observed tradition in the United States. It typically involves dressing up incostumes and an emphasis on the bizarre and frightening.


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The Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade is attended by over 2.5 million people each year. It is the

largest organized festivity in the United States and is viewed by more Americans each year thanany other holiday celebration.[6]

The United States observes holidays and traditions that are derived from significant events in UShistory, Religious traditions, andNational Patriarchs.

As a legacy of colonization, Thanksgiving has become a traditional American holiday which

evolved from the will of English pilgrims to give thanks for their welfare. Today,Thanksgiving is generally celebrated as a family reunion with a large afternoon feast. European

colonization has led to many traditional Christian holidays such as Easter, Lent, St. PatricksDay, and Christmas to be widely observed albeit they are celebrated in a secular manner by

many people today.

Independence Day (colloquially known as the Fourth of July) celebrates the anniversary of the

countrys Declaration of Independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain. It is generallyobserved by parades throughout the day and the shooting of fireworks at night.

Halloween is thought to have evolved from the ancient celtic festival ofSamhain which was

introduced in the American colonies by Irish settlers. It has become a holiday that is widelycelebrated by children and teens who traditionally dress up in costumes and go door to door

saying the words Trick or Treat in exchange for candy. It also brings about an emphasis oneerie and frightening urban legends and movies. The popularity of celebrating Halloween has

become continusly popular among university students in the US. Both University of Wisconsin-Madison and Ohio University in Athens, Ohio are known across the US for their Halloween

street fairs.

Additionally, Mardi Gras, which evolved from the Catholic tradition ofCarnival, is observednotably inNew Orleans, St. Louis, and Mobile, AL as well as numerous other towns. Texas still

observes the anniversary of its Independence Day from Mexico.

Federally recognized holidays are as follows:

Date Official Name Remarks

January 1 New Year's Day Celebrates beginning of the Gregorian calendaryear.Festivities include counting down to midnight (12:00


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AM) on the preceding night,New Year's Eve.

Traditional end of holiday season.

Third Monday in

January

Birthday of MartinLuther King, Jr., or

Martin Luther King,

Jr. Day

Honors Martin Luther King, Jr., Civil Rights leader,

who was actually born on January 15, 1929; combinedwith other holidays in several states.

January 20, thefirst January 20

following aPresidential

election

Inauguration Day

Observed only by federal government employees in

Washington D.C., and the border counties ofMarylandand Virginia, in order to relieve congestion that occurs

with this major event. Swearing-in ofPresident of theUnited States and Vice President of the United States.

Celebrated every fourth year. Note: Takes place onJanuary 21 if the 20th is a Sunday (although the

President is still privately inaugurated on the 20th). IfInauguration Day falls on a Saturday or a Sunday, the

preceding Friday or following Monday is not a Federal

Holiday

Third Monday inFebruary

Washington'sBirthday

Washington's Birthday was first declared a federal

holiday by an 1879 act of Congress. The UniformHolidays Act, 1968, shifted the date of the

commemoration of Washington's Birthday fromFebruary 22 to the third Monday in February. Many

people now refer to this holiday as "Presidents' Day"and consider it a day honoring all American

presidents. However, neither the Uniform HolidaysAct nor any subsequent law changed the name of the

holiday from Washington's Birthday to Presidents'

Day.[7]

Last Monday inMay

Memorial Day

Honors the nation's war dead from the Civil War

onwards; marks the unofficial beginning of thesummer season. (traditionally May 30, shifted by the

Uniform Holidays Act 1968)

July 4 Independence DayCelebrates Declaration of Independence, also calledthe Fourth of July.

First Monday inSeptember

Labor Day

Celebrates the achievements of workers and the labor

movement; marks the unofficial end of the summerseason.

Second Mondayin October

Columbus Day

Honors Christopher Columbus, traditional discovererofthe Americas. In some areas it is also a celebrationofItalian culture and heritage. (traditionally October

12); celebrated as American Indian Heritage Day andFraternal Day in Alabama;

[8]celebrated asNative

American Day in South Dakota.[9]

In Hawaii, it iscelebrated as Discoverer's Day, though is not an

official state holiday.[10]


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November 11 Veterans Day

Honors all veterans of the United States armed forces.

A traditional observation is a moment of silence at11:00 a.m. remembering those killed in war.

(Commemorates the 1918 armistice, which began at"the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh

month.")

Fourth Thursday

in NovemberThanksgiving Day

Traditionally celebrates the giving of thanks for theautumn harvest. Traditionally includes the

consumption of a turkey dinner. Traditional start of theholiday season.

December 25 Christmas

Celebrates the Nativity ofJesus. Some people consider

aspects of this religious holiday, such as giving giftsand decorating a Christmas tree, to be secular rather

than explicitly Christian.

y Federal Holidays Calendars from the U.S. Office of Personnel Management.

[edit] Cuisine

Main article: Cuisine of the United States

Mainstream American culinary arts are similar to those in other Western countries. Wheat is the

primary cereal grain. Traditional American cuisine uses ingredients such as turkey, white-taileddeervenison,potatoes, sweet potatoes, corn, squash, and maple syrup, indigenous foods

employed by American Indians and early European settlers. Slow-cooked pork and beefbarbecue, crab cakes,potato chips, and chocolate chip cookies are distinctively American styles.

Soul food, developed by African slaves, is popular around the South and among many AfricanAmericans elsewhere. Syncretic cuisines such as Louisiana creole, Cajun, and Tex-Mex are

regionally important. Iconic American dishes such as apple pie, fried chicken,pizza,hamburgers, and hot dogs derive from the recipes of various immigrants and domestic

innovations. So-called French fries, Mexican dishes such asburritos and tacos, andpasta dishesfreely adapted from Italian sources are widely consumed.

[11]Americans generally prefer coffee

to tea, with more than half the adult population drinking at least one cup a day.[12]

Marketing byU.S. industries is largely responsible for making orange juice and milk(now often fat-reduced)

ubiquitous breakfast beverages.[13]

During the 1980s and 1990s, Americans' caloric intake rose24%;

[11]frequent dining at fast food outlets is associated with what health officials call the

American "obesity epidemic." Highly sweetened soft drinks are widely popular; sugared

beverages account for9%

of the average American's daily caloric intake.

[14]

Common American Foods


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Traditional Thanksgiving

dinner with Turkey,

dressing, sweet potatoes,and cranberry sauce.

Typical American

seafood with Fried fish,

shrimp, hush puppies,and fries.

Caesar salad. Hamburger, fries, and a

coke.

Chicken Fried Steak(alternatively known as

Country Fried Steak.)

California club pizzawith avocados and

tomatoes.

Toasted turkey

sandwich.

American style breakfast

with pancakes, maplesyrup, sausage links,bacon strips, and fried

eggs.

[edit] Sports

Main article: Sports in the United States

A typical Baseball diamond as seen from the stadium. Traditionally the game is played for nine

innings but can be prolonged if there is a tie.

The opening ofCollege football season is a major part of American culture and tradition.


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Basketball is widely enjoyed by American youth and is considered by many to be the secondmost popular sport in the United States.

Massive marching bands accompanied by cheerleaders and colorguard are almost universal at

American Football games, especially during halftime. Although high school bands tend to bemuch smaller, it is rare for a game not to feature a marching band at halftime.

Bowling is a popular pastime for Americans of all ages.

Sports in the United States are an important part of the American culture. However, the sporting

culture of the U.S. is unique from that of many other countries. Compared to any other nation,American preferences for sports differ from the rest of the world. For example, professionalsocceris not as popular in the United States as it is in many parts of the world.

Baseball is the oldest of the major American teamsports. Professional baseball dates from 1869

and had no close rivals in popularity until the 1960s; though baseball is no longer the mostpopular sport it is still referred to as the "national pastime." Also unlike the professional levels of

the other popular spectator sports in the U.S., MajorLeague Baseball teams play almost every


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day from April to October. American football now attracts more television viewers than baseball;however,National Football League teams play only 16 regular-season games each year, so

baseball is the runaway leader in ticket sales.

Basketball is another major sport, represented professionally by theNational Basketball

Association. It was invented in Springfield, Massachusetts 189

1, by Canadian-born physicaleducation teacherJames Naismith.

American football, known in many anglophone countries as gridiron, is widely considered to bethe most popular sport in the United States. The 32-teamNational Football League (NFL) is the

most popular and only major professional American football league. Its championship game, theSuper Bowl, is the biggest annual sporting event held in the United States. Additional millions

also watch college football throughout the autumn months, and some communities, particularlyin rural areas, place great emphasis on their local high school team. American football games

usually include cheerleaders and marching bands which aim to raise school spirit and entertainthe crowd at half-time.

Many Americans recognize a fourth sport - Ice hockey. Always a mainstay ofGreat Lakes andNew England-area culture, the sport gained tenuous footholds in regions like the American South

in recent years, as theNational Hockey League pursued a policy of expansion.

The quickly growing sport ofmixed martial arts has taken off in America since its introductionin the early 1990s. Today, the Ultimate Fighting Championship is one of the most profitable

organizations in the country.

[edit] Sports and community culture

Homecoming is an annual tradition of the United States. People, towns, high schools andcolleges come together, usually in late September or early October, to welcome back former

residents and alumni. It is built around a central event, such as abanquet, aparade, and mostoften, a game ofAmerican football, or, on occasion,basketball, orice hockey. When celebrated

by schools, the activities vary widely. However, they usually consist of a football game playedon the school's home football field, activities for students and alumni, aparade featuring the

school's marching band and sports teams, and the coronation of a Homecoming Queen (and atmany schools, a Homecoming King).

[edit] Scientific

This article does not cite any references or sources.Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be

challenged and removed. (August 2009)


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Cultural map of the world according to the World Values Survey, describing the United States aslow in "Rational-Secular Values" and high in "Self-Expression values".

There is a fondness for scientific advancement and technological innovation in American culture.

Some of these efforts are centered in Silicon Valley. Other strong scientific areas include nuclearresearch, space (NASA), military research, and biotech. Respect for scientific advancement still

ranks high in the US and the element of competitiveness is exercised as early as in elementaryschool.

American culture has also made significant gains through the immigration of accomplishedscientists. For example, numerous members of the European intelligentsia emigrated duringWorld War Two to escape Fascist persecution. At the time, the U.S. was one of the few safe

countries to flee to.

[edit] Visual arts

Main article: Visual arts of the United States

In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, American artists primarily paintedlandscapes and portraits in a realistic style. A parallel development taking shape in rural America

was the American craft movement, which began as a reaction to the industrial revolution.Developments in modern art in Europe came to America from exhibitions in New York City

such as the Armory Show in 1913. After World War II, New York emerged as a center of the artworld.[citation needed]Painting in the United States today covers a vast range of styles.

[edit] Architecture


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Main article: Architecture of the United States

Architecture in the US is regionally diverse and has been shaped by many external forces, not

only English. US Architecture can therefore be said to be eclectic, something unsurprising in

such a multicultural society.[15]

In the absence of a single large-scale architectural influence from

indigenous peoples such as those in Mexico or Peru, generations of designers have incorporatedinfluences from around the world. Currently, the overriding theme of American Architecture ismodernity: an example of which are the skyscrapers of the 20th century.

EarlyNeoclassicism accompanied the Founding Father's idealization of European

Enlightenment, making it the predominant architectural style for public buildings and largemanors. However, in recent years, the suburbanization and mass migration to the sunbelt has

allowed architecture to reflect a Meditteranean style as well.

[edit] Sculpture

Main article: Sculpture of the United States

The history of sculpture in the United States reflects the country's 18th century foundation in

Roman republican civic values as well as Protestant Christianity.[citation needed]

Perhaps the mosticonic American sculpture is Mount Rushmore National Memorial, an 18m high relief of four

US Presidents' faces carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore.

[edit] Popular culture

Americanpopular culture has expressed itself through nearly every medium, including movies,

music, and sports. Mickey Mouse, Barbie, Michael Jackson,Elvis Presley, Britney Spears,

Madonna, Bruce Springsteen,Nirvana, Michael Phelps, Andre Agassi, Aerosmith, Babe Ruth,Baseball, American football, Basketball, screwball comedy, G.I. Joe,jazz, the blues, Rap & HipHop, The Simpsons, Superman, SpongeBob SquarePants, The Sopranos, Gone with the Wind,

Marilyn Monroe, James Dean, Tom Cruise, Brad Pitt, Michael Jordan, Indiana Jones, SylvesterStalone, Sesame Street, Catch-22,Star Trek, and Star Warsthese names, genres, and phrases

have joined more tangible American products in spreading across the globe.

The U.S. is also popular for evolving/adapting many elements of various other cultures, such as

food (i.e.pizza, hamburgers, and hibachi), and television shows (American Idol, PowerRangers).

[edit] Fashion

Main article: Fashion in the United States

Apart from professional business attire, fashion in the United States is eclectic and

predominantly informal.[citation needed]

Blue jeans were popularized as work clothes in the 1850s bymerchant Levi Strauss, a German immigrant in San Francisco, and adopted by many American

teenagers a century later. They are now widely worn in every state by people of all ages and


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social classes.[citation needed]

Along with mass-marketed informal wear in general, blue jeans arearguably U.S. culture's primary contribution to global fashion.

[16]The country was also home to

the headquarters of many leading designer labels such as Ralph Lauren and Calvin Klein. Labelssuch as Abercrombie & Fitch, Aeropostale, American Eagle, Hollister, and Eck cater to various

niche markets.

Further iconic items of American fashion are the T-Shirt and the Baseball cap.

[edit] Theater

Main article: Theater in the United States

Theater of the United States is based in the Western tradition, mostly borrowed from the

performance styles prevalent in Europe, especially England.[citation needed]

Today, it is heavilyinterlaced with American literature, film, television, and music, and it is not uncommon for a

single story to appear in all forms. Regions with significant music scenes often have strong

theater and comedy traditions as well. Musical theatermay be the most popular form: it iscertainly the most colorful, and choreographed motions pioneered on stage have found their wayonto movie and television screens. Broadway in New York City is generally considered the

pinnacle of commercial U.S. theater, though this art form appears all across the country. Off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway diversify the theatre experience in New York. New York's

Theater District is also the largest in the country with Cleveland's being the second largest.Another city of particular note is Chicago, which boasts the most diverse and dynamic theater

scene in the country. Regional or resident theatres in the United States are professional theatrecompanies outside of New York City that produce their own seasons. Often tiny rural

communities are able to awe audiences with extravagant productions.

[edit] Television

Main article: Television in the United States

Television is one of the major mass media of the United States. Ninety-seven percent of

American households have at least one television set and the majority of households have more

than three.[citation needed]

The US can be said to be the homeland of modern network television.

[edit] Music

Main article: Music in the United States

American contemporary music can be heard all over the world, through MTV, Channel V, VH1

and by artists such as Madball, Jay-Z,Notorious B.I.G, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Patsy Cline,Billy Joel, Ella Fitzgerald, Metallica, Guns N' Roses, Bob Dylan, Bruce Springsteen, Benny

Goodman, Frank Sinatra, Randy Newman, Madonna, Eminem, Backstreet Boys, Dean Martin,Aerosmith, B. B. King, The Doors, Prince, Bon Jovi,Nirvana, Van Halen, Garth Brooks,


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Weezer, The Ramones, Linkin Park, Avenged Sevenfold, Green Day, and Theory of a Deadman.American popular music also contains many styles of music that developed in the US and were

popular music when they came up (or still are). Examples are rock & roll, hip-hop, swing,jazz,blues, country, R&B, funk,pop, and various others.

[edit] Films

Main article: Cinema of the United States

American films are very popular, including icons like Star Wars, The Godfather, The Karate

Kid, Schindler's List, Titanic and The Matrix. American movie actors and actresses are widelyrecognized such as Tom Hanks, Al Pacino, Julia Roberts, Brad Pitt, Marilyn Monroe, George

Clooney, Will Smith, Meryl Streep, Robert De Niro, Leonardo DiCaprio, Denzel Washington,Marlon Brando and Johnny Depp.

[citation needed]Outside the US, American Film is usually referred

to in a generalizing manner as Hollywood.

[edit] Dance

Main article: Dance in the United States

There is great variety in dance in the United States, it is the home of the Lindy Hop and its

derivative Rock and Roll, and modern square dance (associated with the United States ofAmerica due to its historic development in that countrynineteen U.S. states have designated it

as theirofficial state dance) and one of the major centers formodern dance. There is a variety ofsocial dance and concert or performance dance forms with also a range of traditions ofNative

American dances.

[edit] Firearms

Main article: Gun politics in the United StatesMain article: Gun culture

In sharp contrast to most otherdeveloped nations, firearms laws in the United States arepermissive and private gun ownership is common. In fact, there are more privately owned

firearms in the United States than in any other nation on earth, both per capita and in total.[17]

Rates of gun ownership vary greatly by region and by state, with gun ownership tending to be

most common in Alaska, the Mountain States and the South and least common in Hawaii, theisland territories and theNortheast megalopolis.[18]Hunting,plinking and target shooting are

popular pastimes, although ownership of firearms purely for purposes of self-defense is commonas well.

[19]

[edit] See also

y Americanay America 24/7


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y Broadway theatrey Culture of the Southern United States

[edit] References

1A. Brandon Zook

1. ^ Meyers, Jeffrey (1999).Hemingway: A Biography. New York: Da Capo, p. 139. ISBN0-306-80890-0.

2. ^"U.S. Stands Alone in its Embrace of Religion".Pew Global Attitudes Project.http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=167. Retrieved 1 January 2007.

3. ^ Marsden, George M. 1990.Religion and American Culture. Orlando: Harcourt BraceJovanovich, pp.45-46.

4. ^ Jefferson, Thomas (1904). The writings of Thomas Jefferson. Thomas JeffersonMemorial Association of the United States. pp. 119.

5. ^"CIA Fact Book". CIA World Fact Book. 2002.

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html. Retrieved2007-12-30.

6. ^http://www1.macys.com/campaign/parade/parade.jsp7. ^http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode05/usc_sec_05_00006103----000-

.html

8. ^"Section 1-3-8". http://www.legislature.state.al.us/codeofalabama/1975/1-3-8.htm.9. ^"Holidays Observed". http://www.state.sd.us/puc/misc/holidays.htm.

10.^http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2007/Oct/08/br/br2504137896.html11.^ab Klapthor, James N. (2003-08-23). "What, When, and Where Americans Eat in

2003". Institute of Food Technologists. http://www.ift.org/cms/?pid=1000496. Retrieved2007-06-19.

12.^"Coffee Today". Coffee Country. PBS. May 2003.http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/guatemala.mexico/facts.html#02. Retrieved

2007-06-19.13.^ Smith, Andrew F. (2004). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America.

New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 13132. ISBN 0-19-515437-1. Levenstein,Harvey (2003). Revolution at the Table: The Transformation of the American Diet.

Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, pp. 15455. ISBN 0-520-23439-1. Pirovano, Tom (2007). "Health & Wellness TrendsThe Speculation Is

Over". AC Nielsen. http://us.acnielsen.com/pubs/2006_q1_ci_health.shtml. Retrieved2007-06-12.

14.^"Fast Food, Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance, and Obesity".Arteriosclerosis,

Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. American Heart Association. 2005.http://atvb.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/25/12/2451#R3-101329. Retrieved 2007-06-09. "Let's Eat Out: Americans Weigh Taste, Convenience, and Nutrition" (PDF). U.S.

Dept. of Agriculture.http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/eib19/eib19_reportsummary.pdf. Retrieved 2007-

06-09.15.^ Dell Upton. 1998. "Architecture in the United States-Oxford history of art". pp. 11 ff.

ISBN 019284217X


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16.^ Davis, Fred (1992).Fashion, Culture, and Identity. Chicago: University of ChicagoPress, p. 69. ISBN 0-226-13809-7.

17.^"U.S. most armed country with 90 guns per 100 people". Reuters.http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL2834893820070828.

18.^"Gun Ownership by State". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-

srv/health/interactives/guns/ownership.html.19.^"The US gun stock: results from the 2004 national firearms survey".Injury PreventionJournal. http://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/13/1/15.full.

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Culture of the United States

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States"Categories: American culture | Arts in the United States | Entertainment in the United StatesHidden categories: Wikipedia pages move-protected due to vandalism | Articles lacking sources

from August 2009 | All articles lacking sources | All articles with unsourced statements | Articleswith unsourced statements from February 2009 | Articles with unsourced statements from July

2008

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