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US Pattern Recognition:
abdominal wall
This presentation covers the anatomy of the abdominal wall, and the ultrasound
appearances as relevant to the rectus sheath, transversus abdominal plane and
ilioinguinal blocks.ilioinguinal blocks.
Anatomy
T10
Caudad
Cephalad
Rectus muscle
Linea alba
Semilunaris
Caudad
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominis
AnatomyIf the LA is injected between the rectus
muscle and its’ posterior fascia cephalad
and caudad spread occurs. The
intertendinous intersections that form the
“six pack do NOT attach to the posterior
fascia.
skin
Posterior
sheath
Anterior
sheath
muscle
fat
Midline: linea alba
Rectus abdominis
Inf. epigastric vessels
MEDIAL
Peritoneal cavity:
bowel loops
Transversalis fascia/
parietal peritoneum
Tips:
• Scan from midline laterally
• Identify known structures
– muscles
– peritoneum– peritoneum
– linea semilunaris
• Determine individual fascial planes
• Nerves lie between internal oblique and
transversus abdominis
• In-plane vs. out-of-plane approaches
EO
IO
Iliohypogastric & ilioinguinal
nervesIlioinguinal
Rectus TA
IliacusFemoral nerve,
not always visible
A
S
I
S