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US Particle Accelerator School
Sub-committee Report:Basic Energy Sciences Facilities Prioritization
William A. BarlettaDirector, United States Particle Accelerator School
Department of Physics, MIT
US Particle Accelerator School
Members of Subcommittee on BES Facilities Prioritization
John Hemminger (co-chair) University of California-IrvineWilliam Barletta (co-chair) MITSimon Bare UOPGordon Brown Stanford UniversityJohn Spence Arizona StateErnie Hall GE Global ResearchBill McCurdy LBNL/Universiry of California-DavisJohn Tranquada BNLDoug Tobias University of California-IrvineSunil SinhaRob McQueeny
University of California-San DiegoAmes Laboratory
Tony Rollett Carnegie MellonMonica Olvera de la Cruz NorthwesternGary Rubloff University of MarylandKeith Moffatt University of ChicagoRob Dimeo NIST
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Charge to the committee
Provide input for a 10-year prioritization of scientific facilities in their respective programs from 2014 to 2024
Basis for characterization1. Ability of the facility to contribute to world-leading science
2. Readiness of the facility for construction
What to consider1. Present & proposed facilities listed by BES
2. Potential facilities that require a minimum investment of $100 M
Provide a report that assigns each facility to a category & provides a short justification for that categorization
Do not rank order the facilities
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Ability of the facility to contribute to world-leading science (2014- 2024)
Would it answer the most important scientific questions Could other facilities answer these questions; Would it contribute to many areas of research Would the facility address needs of the broad community
of users including those supported by other agencies What is the level of user demand Place each facility or upgrade in one of 4 categories:
1. Absolutely central
2. Important
3. Lower priority
4. Don't know enough yet
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Readiness for construction
Has the concept of the facility been formally studied What is the level of confidence that the technical
challenges involved in building the facility can be met Is the R&D performed to date sufficient to assure technical
feasibility Is the cost to build & operate the facility understood Place each facility in one of three categories:
1. ready to initiate construction;
2. significant scientific/engineering challenges to resolve before initiating construction
3. mission and technical requirements not yet fully defined
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Briefings to the sub-committee
APS & APS-U Eric Isaacs (ANL) NSLS & NSLS-II Steve Dierker (BNL) SSRL, LCLS, & LCLS-II Chi-Chang Kao (SLAC) ALS & NGLS Paul Alivisatos (LBNL) HIFAR, SNS & Second Target Station Thom Mason (ORNL) Lujan Neutron Scattering Center Mark Bourke (LANL) Center for Functional Nanomaterials Emilio Mendez (BNL) Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies David Morris (LANL) Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Sean Smith (ORNL) Center for Nanoscale Materials Amanda Petford-Long (ANL) Molecular Foundry Omar Yaghi (LBNL)
Facilities also submitted written input to the sub-committee
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Characterization of Existing Facilities
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Advance Light Source
ALS has a world-wide reputation for excellence in the use of soft X-ray synchrotron radiation science Strong user demand & high productivity with strong impact
ALS is a leader in developing tools for soft X-ray science Strong international competition
The ALS is “important” to US “world-leading science”
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Advanced Photon Source
Leading US source for hard X-rays Optimized for very bright x‐rays in
medium (2‐15 keV) & hard ( >15 keV) energy ranges
Large user demand (>5000 users)
Strong competition from European & Japanese light sources
The APS is “absolutely central” to US “world-leading science”
US Particle Accelerator School
National Synchrotron Light Source
Long history of high productivity and high impact Large user demand Diverse Capabilities over Broad Spectral Range
Will cease operations no later than Sep, 2014 Operations at Brookhaven will transfer to NSLS-II
NSLS operation is “lower priority”
for US “world-leading science”
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National Synchrotron Light Source-II
Large, ultra-low emittance ring Capable of housing 50 beamlines 30 are presently under development
Potential to be best in class from IR to hard X-rays Short pulse operation (~15 ps rms)
On schedule for early completion in June, 2014 Presently – 85% complete
NSLS-II is “absolutely central”
to US “world-leading science”
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Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
Mid-energy x-ray synchrotron user facility In 2004, successfully completed a major upgrade Exciting potential for sub-ps X-rays
~1600 users with high user satisfaction Operational synergies with LCLS
SSRL is “important” to US “world-leading science”
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Linac Coherent Light Source
World’s first hard X-ray FEL A stunning success for US science Uses last third of SLAC linac
Highly over-subscribed (~25% get beam time) 60% of papers in high impact journals
LCLS is “absolutely central” to US “world-leading science”
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Spallation Neutron Source
World’s highest power spallation source Highly competitive in machine capability Neutron instruments in US are far fewer than in Europe
Steady growth in users Significant headroom for power upgrade
SNS is “absolutely central” to US “world-leading science”
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High Flux Isotope Reactor
Nation’s highest flux continuous neutron beams 99% reliability operations
An exceptional resource for materials irradiation & neutron activation analysis Significant national security usage
Continuing mission in isotope production
HFIR is “important” to US “world-leading science”
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Lujan Neutron Scattering Center
Strongly leverages NNSA investment in LANSCE Extra capability & capacity is helpful
Neutron instruments in US are far fewer than in Europe
Accessories not at the other facilities high field, high pressure, plutonium, irradiate materials exploited the sample environments, in situ strain is unique important but not essential
LNSC is “lower priority” for US “world-leading science”
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Characterization of
Nanoscience Research Centers
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General comments
Nanoscience Research Centers add high value through twin missions of pursuing top-quality science and enabling the same for external users through access to NSRC facilities and/or collaboration with NSRC researchers.
They are commended for the quality of their research, strong connections to relevant research centers, & their successes in enabling successes of external users.
The committee identified particular value in synergies between science programs of NSRC researchers, special facilities they develop, benefits available to users
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Center for Nanoscale Materials (ANL)
CNM exploits the hard x-ray nanoprobe at APS a unique facility - for a host of collaborations with key industry
labs as well as universities
Excellent access to environmental nanoprobes
CNM is “absolutely central” for US “world-leading science”
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Center for Functional Nanomaterials (BNL)
World class TEM capabilities. Plans in place for strong coupling with NSLS II
CFN is “important” for US “world-leading science”
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The Molecular Foundry (LBNL)
Strong cross-disciplinary portfolio to support users in one building Enable staff & users to take their projects all the way to screening
& prototyping.
Very strong chemical synthesis of nanoscale materials integrated with characterization/measurements
Well coupled to leadership scale computing platform at LBNL & to ALS
The Molecular Foundry is “absolutely central” for US “world-leading science”
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Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences(ORNL)
Excellent in theory & scanning probes Well coupled to leadership scale computing platform at
ORNL
CNMS is “important” for US “world-leading science”
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Creates a growing number of Discovery Platforms Uses SNL MESA facility & CINT labs, as new MEMS-based
science platforms readily delivered to users or employed in collaborations with CINT scientists.
Unique capability for user platforms
Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (SNL/LANL)
CINT is “absolutely central” for US “world-leading science”
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Sub-committee characterization of Proposed Upgrades & Facilities
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Advanced Photon Source Upgrade
Keeps US capabilities highly competitive with hard X-ray facilities in Europe & Asia
Offers exciting possibilities for short pulse X-rays (~2 ps)
∗ Hardware approach for 2 ps pulses requires vetting this spring
The APS-U is “absolutely central” to US leadership in science
APS-U is “ready to initiate construction” *
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Linear Coherent Light Source - II
Maintains LCLS leadership in ultra-short pulse science Broadens LCLS capabilities
Extends wavelength range Substantial Increase in average brightness
Substantially increases LCLS capacity
LCLS-II is “absolutely central” to US leadership in science
LCLS-II is “ready to initiate construction”
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Next Generation Light Source
High rep rate, soft X-ray source Would be the world’s highest average power electron accelerator
Further discussion based on BESAC Light Source Charge
∗ Would in principle allow unique, multiple pulse experiments, including the possibility of "multi-dimensional" experiments
∗ Would in principle access science at the ~ 1fs time scale
NGLS could be “absolutely central” * to US leadership in science
NGLS has “significant scientific/engineeringchallenges to resolve
before initiating construction”
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SNS Second Target Station
Increases SNS power > 2 MW to improve neutron scattering performance Will keep SNS competitive with ESS
Adds new instruments to US capabilities & capacity Helps but does not close capacity gap with Western Europe Which instruments to be decided with strong user input
SNS-STS is “absolutely central” to US leadership in science
SNS-STS has “scientific/engineering challenges to resolve before initiating construction”
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Additional opportunities discussed by the sub-committee
If you wish to add facilities or upgrades,
please consider only those
that require a minimum investment of $100 M
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Future Light Sources
In addition to the completion of NSLS-II & upgrades of APS & LCLS
A future light source is “absolutely central” to continued US leadership in science
All options (FEL, ERL, Ultimate Storage Ring) have
“significant scientific/engineering challenges
to resolve before initiating construction”
We look forward to the BESAC study this spring
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Discussion