US

P-ITAL

HATTER

PUBLISHED BY

TUCSON CACTUS & BOTANICAL SOCIETY

P. O. BOX 3723 COL.I"EGE STATION

TUCSON, ARTZONA 85722

VOL. V I I I I972 N O . 2

EDITOR: JOSEPHINE SHELBY

TUCSONPHOENIX

WINNERS IN 25TH ANNUAIJ CACTUS20-27

1972 BOARD OF DIRECTORE OF T.C-B.S. tM. n . Fegar ty ' J . K . the lby , H. NaEe,N. C larke ' K . B . Bro i tn , A . Mo l l l son ,A. B lackburn , W. Murch , R. Dean.

1 9 7 2 C O M M I I T E E S O F T . C . B . S . :Membersh ip : C. Hors t , P . HensnawtL . C la rke , G. Snyder rHosp i la l t t y : Kay Stehu lka .Haag Gardenr Paul Henghaw'Chairmanr Ref,reshments! wandaHors t , chaLrman. A f f i l l a te D l r -ec to r : .1 . K . She lby . Pub l lca t loneand Communl.catlon: J. K. SheIbY.

FUTURE T . C . B . S . :

theme of Desert Ecology and Plante.June 1972: Mrs. Et l l tan Fl ,sherrmember, lrill report on her trecenttrek through Nepa1.

SHOW AT DESERT BOTANICAJ, GARDEN,

B .Blackburn: taRes Ln a

Gff is.-@ 3 1 F i r s t s . 1 4 13 Thlrds. I Pourths.

Bettv Blackburn: 2nd, 3rdp 4th in Hoyas. Total awardst I Fi. lst"

ffi?F-ffinira. 3 Fourths.Nancy clarke: 6 Firsts. 16 Seconds. 11 Thtrds' 2 Fourth's '

Joe F. Brick won 2nd in Educational Exhiblts with his large tray of

; f f i r a i n g r e a d i e d f , o r p I a n t i n g i n h a b i t a t o n f e d e r a 1 l y . o w n e dcactL

lands .

Ih is i s -a success fu l p ro jec t o f the P ima Cactus Preserva t lon GfouP.

James Robbins: Sweepstakes in Leaf Succulents. AIso Trophy Winner.- He

f f i a g a i n L a r r i e d o f f m a n y R i b b o n A w a r d s a s t h e y - c u s t o m a r l . 1 y .a : .a rn . " they l i ved in Tucson and were r .C .B.S. mernbers . The i r p resent

home is S ie r ia V is ta , Ar izona.

TUCSONIS LOYAL AUSTRALIAN FRIEND RECEIVESI'{ESSLCE I !{ [ .C.B.S' MEMBERS:

sends us taped messages which we answer' as many members know. Last

month, Ooroihy Leveringr Joe Brick, ,Joe Kerns, i IO ShelbYr and Scott Bater

man taped an inswer to G i l t rs la tes t tape sent us severa l months-ago.Scott blayea his organ and .Ioe Kerns pl iyed a guitar Flanenco Eelectionwhich iaa-eA interest to the rest of our messages.

SEAGES I INDEPEND sHowr apr i l 8 , 9, 1972 Lnt iona l Bu i ld ing , 2 S.-AIvernon, Flee Adnlsslon.

a, non-iudged show. General Chairman: -Louise Coan. Co-Chairmatt:_ YltS.;.;;;

' irt!r"inlj- i i i"-"tr. ige-oe AIan Blackburn. Harrlson Yocum is re-

sponeible for nomenclature. Plant sales are to be hand1ed..l l_1"?9I ?:""a is is ted by Hi ldegard Naee. Publ ic i ty is managed by CarI Horst and ln-;lna;; Cha'nnels 4-and 13 TV stations ipot announcemente, creen Thtunb

Mav Iy l z2 E t t t o u rYGre u( ) r4 r l ,viior of Coronado NationalForeet wl l l addreas us on the

radio program, KT'UC, brochures of the national convention of Menns

Garden c lu ls o f Amer ica , Inc . , loca l ne ! /spapers , pos ters . Theme o f

this show is educational in nature, stressl.ng serlous study of the_

"u . l i and o ther succu len ts . Hos ts and hos tesses f rom T.C.B.S. w i l lci ic"fat. anong visi tors to ans$ter their various questions. There

wi l l be commerc ia l exh ib i ts . P lan ts w i l l be so ld .

THr Hnne GRnorn Pno;ecr

During the past several months, members of the Tucson Cactus and Botan-ical Societ-y have done more than 200 man-hours of work in the HaagGarden at t i re Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum (6 work days, an average

of 6 people per work day, and an average of 6 hours per person per workday , approx imate ly ) .

The Garden is now in f ine shape, and the more so because of a uniqueI2-headed barrel cactus and two' 6-headed barrel cacti , al l Ferocactusr is l i zen i . The Garden, i t i s be l ieved, w i l l be much en joyed dur ing:EFe summer and fal l by visi tors who have a curiosity and love forSonoran Desert cacti

- in semi-natural sett ings. The Garden is not as

perfect as i t could or perhaps should be. More plant groups are needed

and the present clusters of plants need enlargement to : lake the bestimpress ions .

The working groups, consist ing of people from ages 13 to 83, who haveen' ioyed the planls, the sun, the visi tors and the company of fel lowwoik6rs, hav-e included: Mrs. Dorothy Leveringr Mr. and Mrs. Roger Dean'

Mr . and Mrs . A l lan l to l l i son , u rs , Lou ise H i l lger t , Mr . w . D. Hase l ton ,Dr . and Mrs . Thomas Kesson, Mrs . Joseph ine She lbY, Mr . Joseph Kerns ,I { r . Scot t Ba teman, E ls j .e N iehusr A lma Ste in inger , Mr . and Mrs . Dona ldDucote ( l ' t r . Ducote of the Museum Staff ) , Mrs. Henshaw and myself .

Plant donations have comefJ3AnTCBS members and non-members as fol lows:

Mr.James Robbins--now ofS ie r ra V is ta , Ar izona.

250 p lan ts , inc lud ing :50 Ech inoccereus

s p .

Addit ional plants of:EchinocactusFerocactusLemaireocereus

W. sp.Echinomastus

M r . P . G . N i c h o l s , 4 4 7 I N . P o m o n aTucson

43 p lan ts , inc lud ing :15 Agave sp .25 Agave Shott i i

3 Ferocac tus sp .

Mrs . Har ry Anderson, 4333V i s t a D r . , T u c s o n

9 p lan ts , inc lud ino :

CACTUS CAPITAL CHATTER

Mrs.Har ry Anderson cont rd .I 600-pound 12-headed

Ferocactus Wis-l{zeniz opf,nTia reptoEE[Iis-4 Opunt ia fu lq ida var .mammi l la ta

(montrose form)2 Opuntia arbuscula

p lan ts , no t na t ive to the area ,inc lud ing :Agave sp .Mammi IIariaEEEfiop;TS

DA Mrs . Lou ise H i l lger t , 1225 E. Ade la ideDr . , Tucson

I5 p lan ts , inc lud ing :10 Opunt ia santa- r i ta6 f f i

M r . H . D . ( g u z z ) B r a u n , 5 2 4 8 E . 2 0 t h S t .Tucson

E. lilonte More than 50 olants:Materl ,als from the RQse Braun Estate€n Tanger ine Road, Tucson {cont 'd . )

I 25 0

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, 4 . . . , " . . . . . . . C A C T U S C A P I T A L C H A T T E R

tCactus John" Haag was a member of this Garden Club which planted onetlee to memorial ize him. His name is engraved on the plaque in the grovet

among the names of the other 17 deceased members. uCactus John" foundedTucson Cactus CIub in 1960 and l ived only two years thereafter.

SRouRno Uuoen GussLewis J . Fe ldman

Carnegiea gigantea, more conmonly known as the Saguaro, is a famil iarp lan t to those o f you l i v ing in Ar izona. Yet as dominant a par t o f theScenery as the Saguaro is , re la t i ve ly 1 i t t1e research has been car r iedout on the growth and development of this plant. Now, however, with thedecrease in ra te o f na tura l p ropagat ion o f the Eaguaro , inc reas ing a t -tention is being directed toward them.

If one observes these giants in their natural habitats, they can be foundvary ing in s ize f rom seed l ings , o f a ha l f an inch or so , up to p lan ts50 feet or higher. Saguaros usually produce arms, branches. when thep lan t i s 50-80 years o ld , and these cac t i can a t ta in an age o f up to200 years . Thus , fo r a person to s tudy the l i fe cyc le o f these p lan ts ,in their natural habitat, would require that the investigator begin hisrrork when he was very young' and furthermore' that he l ive to be veryo ld . And even i f age r r /e renr t a p rob lem, our myth ica l sc ien t is t wou ldhave to be able to relate each aspect of the environment. for examplethe e f fec t o f d isease, d rought , e tc . , to what was ac tua l l y go ing on inthe whole plant. Clearly, wj-th such a myriad of environmental factorsal l operating at one t ime, the chance that an investigator vrould be ableto deduce which st imuli are responsible for what aspects in the devel-opment of the Saguaro, is an almost insurmountable task. Thus, study-ing a plant in i ts natural habitat often has a number of drawbacks, andneaninfful results are therefore lacking.

To circumvent problems encountered in the f ie1d, botanists have devisedways o f g rowing p lan ts in tes t tubes , in spec ia l env i ronmenta l chambers .This technique has several advantages. Fi-rst, i t permits one to growthe Saguaro in an environment in which neither drought oor disease arepresent , un less they are in ten t iona l l y in t roduced. Second, var ious chem-ica ls , in known quant i t ies , can be supp l ied to the p lan ts , and changesin g rowth , i f any , can then be d i rec t l y l inked w i th the app l ica t ion o fthese chemical compounds. Third, growth j-n the test tube frequentlypermits one to speed up the l i fe cycle of a plant.

With these three poj.nts in mind, Saguaro cacti were grown from seedsin test tubes, in a control led environment, and with known chemicalsin the nutr ient medium. The test tubes in which the cacti were grownwere f i l l ed about L /4 o f the way w i th a nu t r ien t subs tance s imi la r intex tu re to tha t o f so l id i f ied je l lo . Seeds were then p laced on th isnutr ient medium and germinated . The results of this work are drawnfrom experiments which have been carr ied out over a two year period.At the ou tse t . however , I must s t ress tha t these resu l ts a re p re l im inary ,and that other experiments are needed to either confirm or refute them.

The original intention of this work was to try to determine what factorsaccounted for the branching pattern observed in mature plants. As mostof you no doubt have noticed, the Saguaros reach a certain size, and thenfor some reason begin to branch. To elucidate the possible systern(.s)conlrol l ing this branching pattern, various known plant hormones wereadded to the nutr ient medium in the Eest tubes, and then seeds placed

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6 . CACTUS CAPITAL CHATTER

Thus, growth of the Saguaro (and in fact many other members of theCactaceae) in tes t tubes , has grea t po ten t ia l . The cha l lenge a t p re-sent is to use the new botanical techniques, pioneered and perfectedon othe:? plants, on members of the Cactus family.

I should l ike to acknowledge the co-operation of Mr. clenwood Bradleyand the s ta f f o f the Env i ronmenta l Tes t Fac i l i t y , U . S . Army E lec t ron icProving Ground, Ft. Huachuca, ArLzona, for making much of this workposs ib le .

( E d i t o ! ' s n o t e : P ! e s e n t l y r M r . F e l d m a n i s a g r a d u a t e s t u d e n t a t H a r v a r dl r n l v e r s i t y , w o r k i n g f o r h i s P h . D . d e g r e e i n B i o l o g y . H i s i n t e r e s ti n t h e S a g u a r o b e g a n w h i l e h e w a s s t a t i o n e d a t F t . H u a c h u c a j - n l a t ey e a r s . W e t h a n k h i m f o r s o g e n e r o u s l y w r i t i n g t h i s r e p o r t f o r o u rn e w s l e t t e r . I

Julrete rN THE DeseRrHarr ison G. Yocum

The Sonoran Deser t i s fu l l o f many wonder fu l surpr ises . Years ago, i twoul.d have been absurd to think that a jungle could ever exist in thedesert. But, through the ingenuity of scientists of the EnvironmentalResearch Laboratory in applying plast ic inf lated greenhouses with conrtrol led temperature and humidity, the " jungle ln the desert" cane i 'ntoex is tence.

The primary purpose of the Environmental Research Laboratory (ERLab) is,of course, the experimentation with certain types of plantrgrowingstructures, and with vegetable production for arid lands. Our concernhere is with the tropical jungle of plants that arouses much j-nterestupon entering the Laboratory. Temperature and humidity are control ledby circulat ing fans (with water heated in winter and cooled in summer)in a closed system. Excess moisture condenses inside the top of thegreenhouse from which i t drops and re-evaporates, thereby simulat ingthe water cyc le . Ac tua1 ly , very l i t t le water i s used in ma in ta in ingthe plants, parttcularly during the winter months when practical ly nowater is appl ied in the high humidity chamber. Hence, thb same$ater ls used repeatedry. This is, obviously, of profound sj-gnif icancein conserving water necessary for the ever increasing world propulat ion.

The variety of plants growing here is evidentty the largest such co11ec*t ion in th is a rea , and poss ib ly even in Ar lzona. I t i s , vLr tua l l y , aBotanical Garden that f i11s a dire need for the Tucson communitv. Thecollect ion was init iated upon instruct ions of Carl N. Hodges and Or.Richard Kassander (of the. Inst i tute of Atmospheric physics, Univ. ofAr iz . , under wh ich ERLab ' i s func t ion ing . ) Cbnsequent iy , War ren Jonesof-the Landscape College, Harry Yocum and the author made two tr ips tose lec t p lan ts f rom var ious nurser ies in ca l i fo rn ia . Th is was donb in aU-Hau l van ear ly Apr i l and May, 1959. Large t rees and misce l laneousplants-were shipped by large trai ler truck in June of the same year.Most of the plants were obtained from Horace Anderson and Lawndale

I Nurseri.es in cal i fornia. rn addit ion, many were clonated by the LosAngeles County Arboretum and by the author. A few came from Warren Jones(especial ly some choicc variet ies of bananas), Longwood Gardens and otherf r iends .

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sitnilar to bur own chaparral. We climbed then lnto thick Pine forests .fii[-""ri-m"ch resemblld o.,r own Catall.nas. The pine forests were laced

*ftn U"oir*s and streams from the meltLng.ice-and snow'of the hlgher,el*!iiti..i. Sedurn and gras"es grew along the banlts of manv of thesewaters. The pine ior6sts tool us tighi up to-an-ar^r\d-araa covered by

ior,r spfny pta-nts that much resembled our own bush cholla' lt bears

i-"*i ir i" iroro flowerii in the springtine, but does not resemble ao..Iu"-fioor.t. There were also other plants that looked like our owngiiy-[n"r", wolfberry alq acacia. However, wtthout the flowers, theywere atCftcult to tdentifY.

We lef,t the spiny and scrubby vegetation. Novr we urere in the glacier

country d ohe Annapurna Mossif. We vtere at Tll lchoe Pass. From.Tll ichoe Pass we coirtd see straight lnto Tlbet, n6$r a part of- Red China'fniccessfble tp us. The Nepal government does not permlt trekkers togo neyona thii 'potnt. As fir ai the eye dould seer there was no vege-tation at all.

At 15r300 feet we establLshed a base camp. Ottrer-than minor breathingdifi i"uii ies at this alt ituder there were no Problems untLl we tried toptck up our packs to clinb further.

Bv the tl,na we became accustomed to the altltude I it lras ti'rne to trekDLcR through other areas that bore Simllar Ii'fe zones to the ones weencountered through our c1lmb.

LiIIlan s. Pisher (l{rs. Bernard) Membe:"_R:.T"83:1"$"."r o

I N M E M O R I A M

EDWARD R. HALLORAN

REAR ADMIRAL USN (NETINEO)

Rear Admiral Edward R. Halloran (Retired)

passed away on March 22. L972 in Tucson'lr izbna. He and Mrs. Eal loran moved toTucson in 196-5 where he served as chair=man of the Masstrng of the Colors Ceremonyat the Univers.{ty of Arizona from 1969 to1971. Fe was a veteran of both world warsand a winner of L7 medals in the Army andthe Navyr among which were the Purple Heartfthe Arny Cornmendatlon R.r\bb9n, and theLegl,on of Uerit. Fe rl^as presldent of theTu6son Ret.sreCl off lcers Associat ion. andwas a member of the Plma County CrineCounc i l .

Tucson Cactus & BotanLcal Society proudlychose him as r\ts presldent for 1967 whichLs recal led by our members as one of ourmemorable years of actj.vity and high in-terest. Admlrat Halloran was buried withful l mil i tary honors at Arl ington NationalCemetery on March 27 | L972. We respectedand adnired [The Admiralrt wholeheartedly.The members of Tucson Cactus & Botani.calSociety express to Flavia, his wife' oursincere and heartfelt symPathY.

" l le have no Cedr letL wotLd 6o,L outL hea. tLt 'a dnlend,Fon h im who j ounneq t t o t he u )o ,L ld ' a {an end ,And tcat t t ou,L aoul wLth golngi thut ' t re aau,At unto h in who t tepd but o 'en the t^)o"U--' G o o d - b q . ' ' - - - - - - - G . D . L L t c h { i e l d .