U.S.-Korea Economic Relations: View From Seoul

8/3/2019 U.S.-Korea Economic Relations: View From Seoul

1/12

644;

Ibvoms Ocbgbl{


2/12

Cbg~og~s

Tmv K: bqvqk mn Lmcvclkc

Ku

Ibvoms Gomv,ôvl Ocbgblkc Tvbstoc~s mgn

C`mhhogeos

Sufkv Hmhh mgn Hoka H{fociov Osiosog ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' =

Ehbfmh Akgmgckmh Cvksks mgn ~ò Ibvomg Ocbgbl{:

Kssuos mgn Tovstoc~kqos

T{b @mi,ikh ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 0

Tmv KK: Akmckmh Kkuk mn Lmvi

^ò Kltmc~ ba _'S' Akgmgckmh mgn Ocbgblkc

Nks~voss bg Sbu~` Ibvom

^`blms Cmvekhh ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' =?

^ò Umhh S~voo~ Tmgkc mgn ~ò Ibvomg Ocbgbl{

Ikl Nbge,`mg ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 6?

Tmv KKK: svucuvmh Vavl

Ocbgblkc Tbhkc{ Voabvls kg ~ò Hoo L{uge,fmi

Mnlkgks~vm~kbg

^bg{ Lkcòhh ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 33

^mp Voabvl kg Ibvom

Vmgnmhh Jbgos ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' >?

Tmv KQ: opvmh Ku

_'S',Ibvom Ocbgblkc Vohm~kbgs:

Qko avbl Sobuh

@mg Nbgelmg ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ??

M Ums`kge~bg Tovstoc~kqo

Jbvnmg @okfov mgn

Joggkaov Scùc`,Tmeo ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 1>

Tmv Q: gv` Ivm oclkc

Nqhtl mn opvmh Vhmk

Ogemeolog~ bg ~ò Lmvekgs: Cmtmck~{ Fukhnkge

kg Gbv~` Ibvom

Fovg`mvn Sohkeov' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 15

Gbv~` Ibvom mgn Kg~ovgm~kbgmh Akgmgckmh

Bvemgkzm~kbgs: Tbhk~kcmh mgn Ocbgblkc Fmvvkovs

~b Cbbtovm~kbg

Hoo Smge,`{ug ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 51


3/12

OPÔVGMH KSS_OS ??

Op~Ovgmh KssuOs

u's',IBvOm OCBgBLKC vOhm~KBgs: QKOU AvBL sOBuh

F{ @mg Nbgelmg

Kbnckb

^ò {omv 6440 ms bgo ba opck~kge mgn kltbv~mg~ no,

qohbtlog~s kg fb~` Ibvom mgn ~ò _gk~on S~m~os ms

ohh ms kg ~ò ~b cbug~vkos fkhm~ovmh vohm~kbgs`kt'

Ibvom cohofvm~on ~ò 14~` mggkqovsmv{ ba ~ò os~mf,

hks`log~ ba m lbnovg nolbcvm~kc ebqovglog~ mgn

k~ ohoc~on m go tvosknog~' ^ò _gk~on S~m~os mhsbc`bso m go tvosknog~ `bso `ks~bvkcmhh{ skegkcmg~

ohoc~kbg ms m~còn chbsoh{ mvbugn ~ò bvhn'

Ibvom,_'S' fkhm~ovmh vohm~kbgs evo chbsov ~`mg m~

mg{ tovkbn kg vocog~ `ks~bv{' Lmjbv tvbevoss ms

lmno bg soqovmh io{ mhhkmgco kssuos suc` ms ~ò

ohoqm~kbg ba Ibvoms abvokeg lkhk~mv{ smhos s~m~us mgn

Ibvoms og~vmgco kg~b ~ò _'S' Qksm Umkqov Tvbevml'

Uo mhsb bvion ~beo~òv bg cvk~kcmh ehbfmh kssuos

kgchunkge ~ò cuvvog~ gmgckmh cvksks' ^`m~ bvi

cbg~kguos ms o emkg m nootov ugnovs~mgnkge ba buv

kgnkqknumh mgn jbkg~ goons mgn noqohbt oaaoc~kqosbhu~kbgs ~b ~ò tvbfhols o amco'

^ò _gk~on S~m~os mgn Ibvom optmgnon ~kos ~b fo,

cblo cbbtovm~kqo mhhkos kg m s~vm~oekc vohm~kbgs`kt

`kc` ks kltbv~mg~ gb~ bgh{ ~b fb~` cbug~vkos fu~ ~b

s~mfkhk~{ kg ~ò Gbv~òms~ Mskmg voekbg'

U`kho ~ò bqovmhh mhhkmgco ms og`mgcon mgn

volmkgs s~vbge bgo mstoc~ cbg~kguos ~b tvosog~

c`mhhogeos~ o ocbgblkc vohm~kbgs`kt'

^òvo mvo lmg{ m{s ~b noscvkfo ~ò _'S',Ibvom

ocbgblkc fbgnkg~ovnotognog~ cblthop fvbmn

vbfus~ lu~umhh{ fogockmh' Tov`mts ~vuo tmv~govs

ks ~ò lbs~ mccuvm~o' Ibvom `kc` ms m .= ~vkhhkbg

ocbgbl{ ks ~ò soqog~`,hmveos~ ~vmnkge tmv~gov ba ~ò

_gk~on S~m~osmòmn ba Avmgco Stmkg mgn Kgnkm'

^ò _'S',Ibvom fkhm~ovmh ocbgblkc vohm~kbgs`kt `ms

oqbhqon nuvkge ~ò tms~ {omvs ~b ~ò cvk~kcmh mgn qov{

opck~kge tbkg~ m~ `kc` o gb gn buvsohqos' Uo

s~mgn m~ ~ò ~`vos`bhn ba m go c`mt~ov kg _'S',Ibvom

vohm~kbgs k~` ~ò tb~og~kmh ~b skegkcmg~h{ mgn tov,

lmgog~h{ utevmno gb~ bgh{ buv fkhm~ovmh ocbgblkcvohm~kbgs fu~ buv s~vm~oekc ~kos ms ohh'

Uò~òv ~`m~ c`mt~ov `ms m `mtt{ bv nksmttbkg~kge

ognkge ks ut ~b k~s mu~`bvs~ò lolfovs ba ~ò

_'S' Cbgevoss `b khh nockno ~ò am~o ba ~ò Ibvom,

_'S' Avoo ^vmno Mevoolog~ (IBV_S A^M+'

Skegkcmgco ba ~ò IBV_S A^M

M amkv mgn sbhkn mevoolog~ k~` ~volognbus tb,

~og~kmh ~b fo }uk~o fogockmh ~b lbs~ fuskgossos kg

fb~` cbug~vkos mgn ~òvoabvo ~b ~òkv vostoc~kqoocbgblkos ~ò IBV_S A^M f{ k~s sòov lmegk~uno

khhus~vm~os ~ò scbto ba ~ò _'S',Ibvom ocbgblkc

vohm~kbgs`kt' ^ò IBV_S A^M lmvis m skegkcmg~

nockskbg ~b utevmno ~ò fkhm~ovmh ocbgblkc vohm~kbg,

s`kt ~b m `keòv hoqoh kg ~ò ~og~{,vs~ cog~uv{

bgo bv~`{ ba ~ò ~vuo tmv~govs`kt ~`m~ ms oqbhqon

kg vocog~ {omvs'

Kg~ovos~kgeh{ ~ò IBV_S A^M ks gb~ m qo`kcho abv

bgh{ ocbgblkc emkgs' Kgnoon k~ cmg mhsb usòv kg

m `bho go ovm kg buv fkhm~ovmh socuvk~{ vohm~kbgs

mgc`bvkge ~ò lkhk~mv{ mhhkmgco bg m vl sbckmh mgn

ocbgblkc fmsks' ^ò IBV_S A^M cmg ogsuvo ~`m~

buv tmv~govs`kt cbg~kguos ~b mqo m kno vl mgn

noot suttbv~ fmso kg omc` cbug~v{'=

=' Ibvoms tvosknog~ Hoo L{uge,fmi s~ktuhm~on ~ò fogo~s ba ~ò IBV_S A^M kg `ks stooc` bg =5 Mtvkh 6440 nuvkge m nkg,gov `bs~on f{ _'S' C`mlfov ba Cbllovco'


4/12

?1 ^@O IBVOM OCBGBLKC KGS^K^_Ô

^`m~ ks `{ ~ò au~uvo ba ~ò IBV_S A^M ks bgo ba

~ò lbs~ kltbv~mg~ kssuos ~`m~ ~ò _gk~on S~m~os mgn

Ibvom amco kg ~òkv vohm~kbgs`kt m~ ~`ks ~klo'

K~ ms foog lbvo ~`mg m {omv mgn m mha skgco Ibvom

mgn ~ò _gk~on S~m~os skegon ~ò IBV_S A^M bg 34

Jugo 6445' Mh~`bue` m fvbmn sm~` ba ~ò fuskgosscbllugk~{ mgn mevkcuh~uvmh evbuts kg ~ò _gk~on

S~m~os suttbv~s ~ò mevoolog~ sblo lolfovs ba

Cbgevoss avbl ~ò Nolbcvm~kc Tmv~{ mgn sblo

hmfbv ugkbgs `mqo optvosson ~òkv cbgcovgs mfbu~

~ò mno}umc{ ba ~ò IBV_S A^M ~b mnnvoss lmvio~

mccoss kssuos kg ~ò Ibvomg lmvio~ tmv~kcuhmvh{ abv

_'S',lmno cmvs'

Kg k~s fhuotvkg~ abv ~ò Bfmlm mnlkgks~vm~kbg ~ò

Cog~ov abv Mlovkcmg Tvbevoss Mc~kbg Augnm eog,

ovmhh{ tvbNolbcvm~kc Tmv~{ ~`kgi ~mgi abugnon f{

Jb`g Tbnos~m m abvlov c`koa ba s~maa ~b Tvosknog~ FkhhChkg~bguveon vosbhu~kbg ba fb~` ~ò _'S' fooa mgn

mu~b optbv~ kssuos mvgkge ~`m~ k~`bu~ tvbevoss

bg ~òso avbg~s Cbgevoss ks ughkioh{ ~b suttbv~ ~ò

Mevoolog~'

^ò fhuotvkg~ og~ bg ~b sm{ ^ò jbf ba ~ò go

Tvosknog~ mgn `ks Socvo~mv{ ba S~m~o khh fo ~b op,

thmkg ~b ~ò Ibvomg homnovs mgn ck~kzogs `{ ~òso

kssuos mvo sb kltbv~mg~ ~b Cbgevoss mgn ~ò Mlovk,

cmg tobtho `kho m~ ~ò smlo ~klo opthmkgkge ~b

Cbgevoss mgn ~ò Mlovkcmg tobtho ~ò kltbv~mgco

ba ~ò IBV_S A^M ~b _'S' ocbgblkc mgn abvokegtbhkc{ mgn ocbgblkc bfjoc~kqos'6

_'S' Fooa Ks Og~ovkge ~ò Ibvomg Lmvio~

Uòg m cmso ba fbqkgo stbgekabvl ogcot`mhbtm~ {

(cbllbgh{ voaovvon ~b ms FSO bv lmn,cb nksomso+

ms no~oc~on kg ~ò s~m~o ba Ums`kge~bg kg No,

colfov 6443 ms m tvocmu~kbgmv{ lomsuvo Ibvomg

mu~`bvk~kos s~btton kltbv~kge fooa avbl ~ò _gk~on

S~m~os `kc` `mn foog ~ò hmveos~ tvbqknov ba fooa

~b Ibvom m~ ~`m~ ~klo k~` 15 tovcog~ fooa kltbv~

lmvio~ s`mvo'3

Oqog ~`bue` ~ò _'S' fooa }umvmg~kgo kssuo ks m

tufhkc omh~` kssuo lbvo ~`mg k~ ks m ~vmno kssuo mgn

ks gb~ m tmv~ ba ~ò IBV_S A^M k~ ms fohkoqon ~b

fo m s~ulfhkge fhbci ~b cbgevosskbgmh mttvbqmh ba

~ò mevoolog~ kg ~ò _gk~on S~m~os'

Ma~ov ~ò Lm{ 6445 nockskbg ba ~ò Ubvhn Bvemgkzm,~kbg abv Mgklmh @omh~` ~b chmsska{ ~ò _gk~on S~m~os

ms m FSO vksi,cbg~vbhhon cbug~v{ ~ò ~b ebqovg,

log~s cbgnuc~on goeb~km~kbgs ~b mlogn ~ò _'S'

fooa kltbv~ tvb~bcbh kg m m{ ~`m~ s~vkios m lu~umhh{

mccot~mfho fmhmgco'

Uòg ~ò Ibvomg ebqovglog~ hka~on k~s fmg bg

kltbv~s ba _'S' fooa kg Mtvkh 6440 mg~k_'S' fooa

tvb~os~s kg Ibvom ovut~on' ò vmhhkos ovo stuvvon

f{ Kg~ovgo~ vulbvs mgn sogsm~kbgmh votbv~s ~`m~ Ib,

vomgs ovo eogo~kcmhh{ suscot~kfho ~b ~ò lmn,cb

nksomso'

Nostk~o ~ò ugtvoconog~on tbhk~kcmh ~uvlbkh mgn kg,

~ogso tvossuvo bqov soqovmh lbg~`s ~ò Ibvomg ebq,

ovglog~ òhn vl' K~ nkn gb~ succulf ~b nolmgns

abv m vogoeb~km~kbg ba ~ò fooa kltbv~ nomh'

Cbgsult~kbg ba _'S' fooa nochkgon nuvkge ~`m~

tovkbn fu~ _'S' fooa ks gb mvvkqkge kg ~ò Ibvomg

lmvio~thmco k~`bu~ lmjbv ~oc`gkcmh nkacuh~kos mgn

k~ mccbug~s abv mhlbs~ 14 tovcog~ ba ~ò kltbv~on

fooa lmvio~ s`mvo ms Ibvoms ~bt kltbv~on lom~ ms

ba Bc~bfov 6440'

_'S' Mu~blbfkho Soc~bv S~mgns ~b Emkg

Kllogsoh{ avbl IBV_S A^M

Bttbgog~s ba mttvbqmh ba ~ò IBV_S A^M mhsb

abcuson bg ~ò mu~b ~vmno klfmhmgco fu~ ms ~ò

_gk~on S~m~os ^vmno Votvosog~m~kqo `ms olt`mskzon

lmg{ ~klos Ibvom `ms kgcbvtbvm~on m lmjbvk~{ ba

~ò _'S' nolmgns ~b cvom~o m hoqoh thm{kge ohn abv

_'S',lmno mu~bs kg Ibvom'

6' Kvm S`mtkvb mgn Vkc`mvn Smlmgs Baco ba ~ò _gk~on S~m~os ^vmno Votvosog~m~kqo: Vostbgnkge ~b ~ò C`mgekge EhbfmhC`mhhogeo kg C`mgeo abv Mlovkcm: M Tvbevosskqo Fhuotvkg~ abv ~ò >>~` Tvosknog~( on' Lmvi Evoog mgn Lkcòho Jbhkg (Ums`,kge~bg N'C': Cog~ov abv Mlovkcmg Tvbevoss 6440+ `~~t:""klmeos6'mlovkcmgtvbevoss'bve"CMTMA"6440"c`mgeoabvmlovkcm"OcbgR40RS`mtkvbRSmlmgs'tna'

3' Nm~m mvo avbl ~ò Gm~kbgmh Qo~ovkgmv{ Vosomvc` mgn ]umvmg~kgo Sovqkco Votufhkc ba Ibvom'


5/12

OPÔVGMH KSS_OS ?5

Stockcmhh{ Ibvom mevoon ~b ohklkgm~o k~s 0 tovcog~

~mvkaa bg _'S' tmssogeov cmvs kllonkm~oh{ ~b vonuco

~ò nkscvklkgm~bv{ oaaoc~s ba k~s ogekgo nksthmco,

log~ ~mpos ~b mlogn olksskbgs s~mgnmvns abv sblo

_'S',optbv~on cmvs mgn ~b mhhb ~ò _gk~on S~m~os ~b

vo~uvg ~b bv sgmt fmci ~mvkaas bg cmvs ~b ~òkv abvlov

~mvkaa hoqoh ka Ibvom nbos gb~ mfkno f{ k~s cbllk~,log~s bg mu~b ~vmno ugnov ~ò IBV_S A^M'

^ò _gk~on S~m~os mevoon ~b ohklkgm~o kllonkm~oh{

k~s 6'? tovcog~ ~mvkaa bg Ibvomg tmssogeov qo`kchos

k~` ogekgos slmhhov ~`mg 3444 cufkc cog~klo~ovs

mgn ~b t`mso bu~ bqov =4 {omvs ~ò 6? tovcog~ ~mvkaa

bg tkciut ~vucis'

Gb~k~`s~mgnkge mhh ba ~òso cbgcosskbgs ~ò _'S'

mu~b kgnus~v{k~` ~ò opcot~kbg ba Eogovmh Lb~bvs

(EL+soqovmh hmfbv ugkbgs mgn sblo Nolbcvm~kc

lolfovs ba Cbgevoss mqo qbkcon s~vbge bttbsk~kbg~b ~ò mu~b tvbqkskbgs ba ~ò IBV_S A^M mgn `mqo

òhn ut k~s mttvbqmh kg ~ò _'S' Cbgevoss'

^`ks cbg~kguos ~b avus~vm~o ~ò mevoolog~s sut,

tbv~ovs focmuso ~ò vomhk~{ ks ~`m~ ~ò mevoolog~

mnnvossos ~ò cbgcovgs vmkson f{ ~ò _gk~on S~m~os

kg ~ò mu~blb~kqo soc~bv mgn cbg~mkgs s~vbge mgn

ugtvoconog~on lomsuvos ~b ogsuvo evom~ov mccoss ~b

~ò Ibvomg lmvio~ f{ ~ò _'S' mu~blmiovs'>

Cbgsknov ~ò abhhbkge:

Amc~ =: Ibvoms lmvio~ ks btog abv kltbv~s mgn

abvokeg bgovs`kt' Vm~os ba fb~` mqo foog kgcvoms,

kge' Cbg~vmv{ ~b `m~ bttbgog~s chmkl ~ò amc~ ks

~`m~ Ibvom ks mhvomn{ lbqkge kg ~ò vke`~ nkvoc~kbg:

~ò lmvio~ s`mvo ba abvokeg qo`kchos kg ~ovls ba ~ò

gulfov ba qo`kchos sbhn kg Ibvom kg 6440 ms 1'4>

tovcog~ (1=1>0 cmvs+ mg kgcvomso ba =1'? tovcog~

cbltmvon k~` 6445 (?33;4 cmvs+'

Skgco 6444 ~ò lmvio~ s`mvo ba abvokeg mu~blmi,

ovs kg ~ovls ba smhos qmhuo `ms foog kgcvomskge

f{ mg mqovmeo ba >='; tovcog~ mggumhh{' ^ò _'S'

mu~blb~kqo kgnus~v{ optbv~on 001> cmvs ~b Ibvom

kg 6440 mg kgcvomso ba 0'> tovcog~ cbltmvon k~`

0=56 cmvs kg 6445'?

Lomg`kho ~ò Ouvbtomg _gkbg (O_+ mgn Jmtmg

cbg~kguo ~b ~mio mnqmg~meo ba cuvvog~ lmvio~ bt,tbv~ugk~kos' ^ò{ nb skegkcmg~h{ fo~~ov ~`mg _'S'

lmguamc~uvovs kg Ibvom: kg 6440 ~ò O_ sbhn qo

~klos mgn Jmtmg sbhn mhlbs~ ~`voo ~klos ms lmg{

mu~blbfkhos ms ~ò _gk~on S~m~os' Smhos f{ ~ò O_

mgn Jmtmg sueeos~ ~òvo lm{ fo amc~bvs m~ bvi b~òv

~`mg ~ò mhhoeon chbson gm~uvo ba ~ò Ibvomg lmvio~

~`m~ mvo kltonkge _'S' mu~b smhos kg Ibvom'

Amcon k~` cblto~k~kbg avbl Jmtmgoso mgn Ou,

vbtomg kltbv~s kg vocog~ {omvs _'S' mu~blbfkhos

`mqo optovkogcon m nochkgkge lmvio~ s`mvo kg Ibvom'

Mccbvnkge ~b ~ò Ibvom Mu~blbfkho Kltbv~ovs mgnNks~vkfu~bvs Mssbckm~kbg (IMKNM+ ~ò _'S' s`mvo

ba ~ò kltbv~on,mu~b lmvio~ ms 60 tovcog~ kg 6443'

K~ nktton ~b =? tovcog~ kg 644> mgn ~òg ~b =='5

tovcog~ kg 6445'1

Ka bgo cbltmvos ~ò lmvio~ s`mvo ba ~ò Ibvomg mgn

~ò _'S' fvmgns kg ~ò b~òv cbug~v{s lmvio~ ~ò

lmvio~ s`mvo ba ~ò _'S' fvmgns kg Ibvom vomcòn

=='3 tovcog~ kg 6440 `kho ~ò Ibvomg fvmgns mc,

cbug~on abv ?'= tovcog~ ba ~ò _'S' mu~b lmvio~ m

qov{ slmhh tovcog~meo cbltmvon k~` ~ò Jmtmgoso

fvmgns `kc` cmt~uvon 3;'? tovcog~ kg 6440'

^ò Ibvomg ebqovglog~ s~mgns vomn{ ~b ogsuvo ~`m~

~ò tb~og~kmh ba ~ò IBV_S A^M ks vomhkzon abv

_'S' mu~b tvbnucovs ~`vbue` s~vkc~ mnòvogco ~b k~s

cbllk~log~s mgn lmvio~kge mssks~mgco ~b suttbv~

tufhkc btoggoss ~b kltbv~s'

Amc~ 6: ^ò mveulog~ ba ugfmhmgcon mu~b ~vmno

nkn gb~ vooc~ ~ò smhos ba EL,Nmoubb( mgn Ib,

vom ks gb~ ~ò lmkg sbuvco ba ~ò _'S' mu~b ~vmno

nock~' ^ò lbs~ qbcmh cblthmkg~ mfbu~ _'S',Ibvom

>' Ibvomg vmno Lkgks~ov Ikl Jbge,`bbg smkn kg ks kg~ovqko k~` Ibvoms [bg`mt Gos Meogc{ bg =1 Jmgumv{ 644;: Ka ~ò_'S' mu~blmiovs mg~ ~b kgcvomso ~òkv lmvio~ s`mvo kg Ibvom ~ò IBV_S A^M buhn fo m ebbn bttbv~ugk~{ abv ~òl' Mhh ~ò~`kges ~ò{ `mqo sbue`~ abv {omvs mvo tu~ kg~b ~ò tmc~' Vogoeb~km~kbg ba ~ò IBV_S A^M buhn gb~ fo sogskfho'

?' Nm~m mvo avbl ~ò Ibvom Mu~blbfkho Lmguamc~uvovs Mssbckm~kbg'

1' ò s`mvos ba ~ò _gk~on S~m~os ~ò O_ mgn Jmtmg kg ~ò Ibvomg lmvio~ abv kltbv~on mu~blbfkhos kg 6440 ovo =='3 tovcog~?3'1 tovcog~ mgn 3?'= tovcog~ vostoc~kqoh{9 soo nm~m avbl IMKNM'


6/12

?0 ^@O IBVOM OCBGBLKC KGS^K^_Ô

mu~blbfkho ~vmno ks ~`m~ k~ ks ugamkvh{ ugfmhmgcon'

^ò gulfovs ck~on qmv{ skegkcmg~h{ fu~ ~ò lbs~

~{tkcmh chmkl ks ~`m~ Ibvom optbv~s mfbu~ 544444

cmvs mggumhh{ ~b ~ò _gk~on S~m~os `kho ~ò _gk~on

S~m~os ks tovlk~~on ~b optbv~ bgh{ m ao ~`busmgn

~b Ibvom'

^ò ~b~mh gulfov ba Ibvomg gmlothm~o qo`kchos

sbhn kg ~ò _gk~on S~m~os kg 6440 ms 15?=3;

`kc` cbltvkson nblos~kc tvbnuc~kbg kg Mhmfmlm

(=003?= 6;'; tovcog~+ mgn kltbv~s avbl Ibvom

(>01500 54'= tovcog~+'

K~ ks kltbv~mg~ ~b hbbi fo{bgn ~òso gulfovs' Bg ~ò

Ibvomg skno ba ~ò honeov bgo ms ~b ugnovs~mgn ~`m~

~ò `bho Ibvomg lmvio~ ks mfbu~ ='6 lkhhkbg cmvs

tov {omv' `ks cbltmvos k~` m _'S' lmvio~ ba mfbu~

=? lkhhkbg cmvs tov {omv' Jus~ bg ~ò nkaaovkge lmvio~

skzos mhbgo k~ ks gb~ suvtvkskge ~`m~ smhos gulfovs mvogb~ o}ukqmhog~9 ~ò lmvio~ skzos mvo gb~ o}ukqmhog~'

Gb~o mhsb ~`m~ ~`voo Ibvomg mu~blmiovs mvo bgon

f{ abvokeg cbltmgkos kgchunkge Eogovmh Lb~bvs

`kc` tuvc`mson Nmobb kg 644='

Smhos ba mu~blbfkhos ba abvokeg,bgon mu~blbfkho

lmguamc~uvovs (suc` ms EL,Nmobb+ mgn ba kl,

tbv~on cmvs cblfkgon mccbug~ abv mfbu~ 60 tovcog~

ba ~ò ~b~mh nblos~kc lmvio~ s`mvo kg Ibvom'

Kg amc~ Ibvom ks gb~ m homnkge sbuvco ba ~ò _'S'

mu~b ~vmno nock~' Mccbvnkge ~b _'S' Notmv~log~ba Cbllovco s~m~ks~kcs abv 6440 ~ò _gk~on S~m~os

vocbvnon mg mu~blbfkho ~vmno nock~ ba .>4'5 fkh,

hkbg k~` Jmtmg .=5'6 fkhhkbg k~` Lopkcb .=3'>

fkhhkbg k~` Cmgmnm mgn .=4'= fkhhkbg k~` Eovlmg{

cbltmvon k~` .5'= fkhhkbg k~` Ibvom' ^ò ~vmno

nock~ k~` Ibvom nvbtton f{ ;'1 tovcog~ cbltmvon

k~` ~ò tvoqkbus {omv'5

Lomg`kho Ibvomg cbltmgkos btovm~o mu~blbfkho

lmguamc~uvkge thmg~s kg ~ò _gk~on S~m~os' ^ò

@{ugnmk thmg~ kg Mhmfmlm ks m .='> fkhhkbg kgqos~,

log~ mgn `ms cvom~on mfbu~ 3344 go jbfs' ^ò

Ikm thmg~ kg Eobvekm optoc~on ~b fo kg btovm~kbg f{

644; ks m .='6 fkhhbg kgqos~log~ ~`m~ khh eogovm~o

mttvbpklm~oh{ 6?44 go jbfs'

Amc~ 3: ò A^M cbltvoògskqoh{ mnnvossos gbg,

~mvkaa fmvvkovs kg Ibvom' Ibvom mevoon ~b c`mgeo

~ò ~mpm~kbg s{s~ol ~b mnnvoss _'S' cbgcovgs mfbu~

gbg~mvkaa fmvvkovs'

Akvs~ Ibvom mevoon ~b bqov`muh k~s mu~blb~kqo ~mpm,

~kbg s{s~ol: Ibvom khh sklthka{ k~s ogekgo nksthmco,log~ ~mpm~kbg s{s~ol sb ~`m~ hmveov qo`kchos khh

gb~ fo hkmfho ~b tm{ keòv ~mpos' Ibvom mhsb mevoon

gb~ ~b kg~vbnuco go ogekgo nksthmcolog~ ~mpos ~b

kgcvomso ~ò nkstmvk~{ ba ~mp vm~os fo~oog cm~oeb,

vkos' Ibvom khh eb fo{bgn ~`m~ mgn auv~òv ohklkgm~o

mhhoeon nkscvklkgm~kge mstoc~s ba ~ò stockmh cbg,

sult~kbg mgn qo`kcho ~mpos mgn khh sklthka{ mgn

skegkcmg~h{ vonuco opks~kge ~mp vm~oskllonkm~oh{

cu~~kge sblo kg `mha'

Socbgn Ibvom `ms mevoon ~b tvbqkno stockmh ~vom~,

log~ abv _'S' mu~blmiovs k~` voemvn ~b olksskbgss~mgnmvns'

^`kvn Ibvom khh evmg~ m evmco tovkbn ~b _'S'

mu~blmiovs kg mtth{kge go smao~{ s~mgnmvns mgn

~oc`gkcmh vo}ukvolog~s'

Hms~ mgn lbs~ kltbv~mg~ ~`vbue` qmvkbus ~vmgstmv,

ogc{ tvbqkskbgs ba ~ò A^M Ibvom khh ekqo ~ò _'S'

mu~b kgnus~v{ m qbkco kg ~ò nkscusskbg mgn kltho,

log~m~kbg ba au~uvo s~mgnmvns mgn vo}ukvolog~s'

Amc~ >: ò A^M kgchunos m tbovauh ogabvcolog~loc`mgksl'^ò mevoolog~ mhsb os~mfhksòs stockc

nkstu~o so~~holog~ tvbconuvos abv mu~blbfkhos' Ka

ok~òv cbug~v{ ks abugn ~b fo kg qkbhm~kbg ba ~ò mevoo,

log~ ~ò A^M tvbqknos m ugk}uo ams~,~vmci nkstu~o

so~~holog~ tvbconuvo kg `kc` ~mvkaas ba tmssogeov

cmvs lm{ sgmt fmci ~b tvo,A^M hoqohs' ^ùs togmh,

~kos lm{ fo nkstvbtbv~kbgm~o ~b mg{ mvl cmuson f{

~ò fvomc` ba ~ò cbllk~log~s' ^`ks tvbqknos mg

mnnon kgcog~kqo abv auhh cblthkmgco'

K~ ks m cvom~kqo mgn ugtvoconog~on ogabvcolog~

loc`mgksl s`bkge Ibvoms s~vbge cbllk~log~

~b ~ò mu~b soc~bv' Kg lbs~ A^Ms k~ cmg ba~og ~mio

lbg~`s bv oqog {omvs abv ~ò nkstu~o so~~holog~

tvbcoss ~b vomc` mg bu~cblo' Vocbegkzkge ~ò sog,

5' _'S' ~vmno bs f{ mhh s`kttovs ba vbmn lb~bv qo`kchos (kg fkhhkbgs ba cuvvog~ nbhhmvs+ kg ~ò _'S' lb~bv qo`kcho kgnus~v{nblos~kc mgn kg~ovgm~kbgmh ~vmno cbltkhon f{ ~ò _'S' Notmv~log~ ba Cbllovco Baco ba Movbstmco mgn Mu~blb~kqo Kgnus,~vkos avbl ebqovglog~ mgn kgnus~v{ sbuvcos 6440'


7/12

OPÔVGMH KSS_OS ?;

sk~kqk~kos kg mu~blb~kqo ~vmno mgn ~ò kltbv~mgco ba

vomc`kge m nockskbg ms tvblt~h{ ms tbsskfho ~ò IB,

V_S A^M `ms kg~vbnucon m stoon{ go s{s~ol'

^ò Mu~blb~kqo Ubvikge Evbut ks mgb~òv kggbqm,

~kqo mttvbmc` ~b smaoeumvnkge ~ò _'S' mgn Ibvomg

mu~blb~kqo kgnus~vkos avbl kssuos ~`m~ lm{ mvkso kg~ò au~uvo' K~ khh mc~ ms mg omvh{,mvgkge s{s~ol

ba tb~og~kmh cbgcovgs tkgtbkg~kge mgn mnnvosskge

tb~og~kmh voeuhm~bv{ kssuos foabvo ~ò{ focblo tvbf,

holm~kc' M tmgoh suc` ms ~`ks ks ugtvoconog~on mgn

nolbgs~vm~os Ibvoms cbllk~log~ ~b amkvgoss'

Amc~ ?: Gb~ mhh ba ~ò _'S' mu~b kgnus~v{ ks bt,

tbson ~b ~ò Ibvom,_'S' A^M' Eogovmh Lb~bvs ks

backmhh{ gou~vmh fu~ ms s~m~on kg k~s Kgnus~v{ vmno

Mnqksbv{ Cbllk~~oo votbv~ ~`m~ EL fohkoqos

~`m~ ~ò IBV_S A^M `ms mnnvosson ~ò _'S' mu~b

kgnus~v{s cbgcovgs'0

^ò Mlovkcmg Kg~ovgm~kbgmh Mu~blbfkho Nomhovs Ms,

sbckm~kbg `kc` votvosog~s ==444 mu~b avmgc`ksos

mgn `bso lolfovs tvbqkno lbvo ~`mg ?44444 _'S'

jbfs suttbv~s ~ò IBV_S A^M' ò Mssbckm~kbg ba

Kg~ovgm~kbgmh Mu~blbfkho Lmguamc~uvovs (MKML+

mhsb suttbv~s IBV_S A^M' MKMLs lolfovs mqo

kgqos~on lbvo ~`mg .33 fkhhkbg kg >5 _'S' qo`kcho

thmg~s cbltbgog~ lmguamc~uvkge amckhk~kos mgn

cog~ovs abv vosomvc` mgn noqohbtlog~ `kc` olthb{

mhlbs~ =44444 Mlovkcmgs'

^ò _'S' mu~b tmv~s kgnus~v{ `ms gb~ bttbson ~ò

mevoolog~'

Amc~ 1: ò IBV_S A^M ks ~ò bgh{ Ubvhn vmno

Bvemgkzm~kbg (U^B+cbgsks~og~ m{ abvmvn kg

~ò mu~blb~kqo soc~bv' Bttbgog~s ba ~ò IBV_S

A^M `mqo tvbtbson mg mh~ovgm~kqo mttvbmc` fmson

bg m tvbnuc~,stockc vocktvbcmh ~vmnkge voeklo tu~

abvmvn kg m ho~~ov avbl sblo lolfovs ba ~ò @buso

ba Votvosog~m~kqos mgn ~ò Sogm~o ~b Tvosknog~

Eobveo U' Fus` kg Lmvc` 6445'

^`ks sb,cmhhon Lmvc` 6445 tvbtbsmh aom~uvos ~ò

abhhbkge oholog~s: Akvs~ k~ tvbtbsos abv ~ò mu~b,

lb~kqo soc~bv m cmv,abv,cmv vocktvbcmh mtthkcm~kbg

ba ~ò IBV_S A^M ~mvkaa cbgcosskbgs' ^`m~ ks abv

oqov{ mnnk~kbgmh cmv s`ktton f{ ~ò _gk~on S~m~os ~b

Ibvom Ibvom khh eo~ m ~mvkaa fvomi bg bgo qo`kcho

s`ktton ~b ~ò _gk~on S~m~os' Socbgn ~`ks tvbtbsmh

cbg~mkgs m tugk~kqo ogabvcolog~ loc`mgksl ~`m~

buhn mtth{ gb~ jus~ ~b ~ò mu~blb~kqo soc~bv fu~

~b mhh tvbnuc~s'

_gnov ~`ks tbv~kbg ba ~ò tvbtbsmh ~ò _gk~on S~m~os

cbuhn ugkhm~ovmhh{ sgmt fmci ~mvkaas m~ mg{ ~klo ka k~

cbgsknovon ~`m~ Ibvom ms gb~ auhhhkge k~s bfhkem,

~kbgs bv ms ugnovcu~~kge ~ò _gk~on S~m~os k~`

~ò uso ba b~òv s~ots suc` ms ~oc`gkcmh fmvvkovs' K~

buhn ~òg fo Ibvoms fuvnog ~b tvbqo ~`m~ k~ `mn

gb~ ~miog mg{ suc` s~ots'

^ò Ibvomg mgn _'S' goeb~km~bvs nkn gb~ kgchuno

~òso oholog~s focmuso ~ò{ mvo kgcbgsks~og~ k~`

fb~` ~ò hm mgn tbhkc{ ba ~ò U^B mgn ~ò stkvk~

ba avoo ~vmno'

Akvs~ ~ò tvbnuc~,stockc vocktvbcmh ~mvkaa tvbtbsmh

btovm~os ms m ~mvkaa vm~o }ub~m (^V]+' ^`m~ ks ~òvo

buhn fo nu~{,avoo ~vom~log~ abv ~ò gulfov ba

Ibvomg mu~bs ~`m~ cbvvostbgnon ~b ~ò kgcvomso kg

optbv~s ba _'S' mu~blbfkhos' V]s mvo kgcbgsks~og~

k~` Mv~kcho PK ba ~ò Eogovmh Mevoolog~ bg ^mv,

kaas mgn ^vmno (EM^^+ òg mtthkon ~b kgnus~vkmh

ebbns'

Avbl ~ò ~vmno tbhkc{ tovstoc~kqo ~ò mh~ovgm~kqo

tvbtbsmh ks fmnh{ mon' Jus~ ms Ibvom buhn gb~eo~ ~mvkaa tvoaovogcos abv cmvs ~`m~ k~ s`kts kg opcoss

ba cmvs s`ktton f{ ~ò _gk~on S~m~os k~ ks ug}uos,

~kbgmfho ~`m~ Ibvomg kg~ovos~ evbuts buhn nolmgn

~`m~ ~ò _gk~on S~m~os gb~ emkg tvkqkhoeos kg cbvg

bkhsoons tbuh~v{ tbvi ck~vus bv cov~mkg ~{tos ba

lmc`kgov{ mgn còlkcmhs ughoss Ibvom mhsb optbv~on

o}ukqmhog~ mlbug~s ba ~`bso stockc ebbns cmhcu,

hm~on bg m tvbnuc~,f{,tvbnuc~ fmsks'

^ò tvbnuc~,stockakc vocktvbcmh ~vmnkge scòlo

buhn btog m Tmgnbvms fbp ba lmgmeon ~vmno' K~

ks m skltho mgn hbge,s~mgnkge tvbtbsk~kbg ~`m~ ~ò

lmvio~ mccoss mgn gm~kbgmh ~vom~log~ tvbqkskbgs ba

~ò EM^^ mgn U^B nb gb~ eumvmg~oo lmvio~ s`mvos

ba mg{~`kge' Vm~òv k~ ks cblto~k~kqo bttbv~ugk~kos

~`m~ mvo tvb~oc~on'

0' Kgnus~v{ ^vmno Mnqksbv{ Cbllk~~oo bg Mu~blb~kqo O}uktlog~ mgn Cmtk~mh Ebbns (K^MC 6+ 65 Mtvkh 6445'


8/12

14 ^@O IBVOM OCBGBLKC KGS^K^_Ô

Socbgn ~ò tvbtbsmh abv m ugkhm~ovmh ogabvcolog~

loc`mgksl ks m voto~k~kbg ba ~ò bhn Soc~kbg 34= ba

~ò vmno Mc~ ba =;5> `kc` ms abugn khhoemh kg k~s

bvkekgmh abvl f{ m U^B nkstu~o tmgoh' K~ tvbtbson

mg ogabvcolog~ loc`mgksl fmcion ut f{ m nkstu~o

so~~holog~ tvbcoss ~`m~ voqovsos ~ò fuvnog ba tvbba

mgn buhn vo}ukvo Ibvom ~b tvbqo ~ò goem~kqo ~`m~ks ~`m~ k~ ms gb~ eukh~{'

K~ ks m augnmlog~mh tvocot~ ba hm ~`m~ ~ò tmv~{ ms,

sov~kge ~ò khhoemhk~{ ba mg mc~kbg `ms ~ò fuvnog ba

tvbqkge k~s cmso' ^`ks ugkhm~ovmhks~ tvbtbsmh `b,

oqov buhn ugnovlkgo ~ò tvkgckthos ba nuo tvbcoss

mgn ~ò vuho ba hm ~`m~ ~ò _gk~on S~m~os mevoos mvo

~ò lbs~ augnmlog~mh mstoc~s ba ~ò U^B s{s~ol'

Sklth{ tu~ k~`bu~ ~ò IBV_S A^M _'S' mu~b

lmguamc~uvovs khh cbg~kguo ~b amco ~ò smlo ~mvkaa

mgn gbg~mvkaa fmvvkovs' Uk~` ~ò IBV_S A^M _'S'mu~blmiovs khh bf~mkg kltbv~mg~ mccoss ~b ~ò

Ibvomg mu~blb~kqo lmvio~ ~`vbue` ~ò ohklkgm~kbg

ba m kno vmgeo ba ~mvkaa mgn gbg~mvkaa lomsuvos

ogabvcomfho ugnov m ugk}uo mgn optonk~on nkstu~o

so~~holog~ loc`mgksl';

Kg k~s kgnotognog~ s~un{ ~ò _gk~on S~m~os Kg~ov,

gm~kbgmh ^vmno Cbllksskbg (_SK^C+ cbgvlon

~`m~ ~ò volbqmh ba ~ò 0 tovcog~ ~mvkaa bg _'S' tms,

sogeov cmvs buhn hkioh{ `mqo m tbsk~kqo oaaoc~ bg

_'S' optbv~s tb~og~kmhh{ ogmfhkge _'S' optbv~ovs ~b

hbov ~òkv tvkcos focmuso ba ~ò ~mvkaa ohklkgm~kbg'Lbvobqov ~ò _SK^C optoc~s m goehkekfho kltmc~

bg _'S' olthb{log~ ms mg{ kgcvomso kg _'S' kl,

tbv~s ba Ibvomg tmssogeov cmvs buhn fo slmhh kg

tovcog~meo ~ovls'

^vmno Smqos ~ò Nm{

^ò vocog~ ugtvoconog~on ehbfmh gmgckmh ~uvlbkh

`ms hon ~b ~ò cbgcovg ~`m~ lmg{ cbug~vkos khh fo

~olt~on ~b vosbv~ ~b tvb~oc~kbgksl ~b voqk~mhkzo ~òkv

nblos~kc lmvio~s' Mh~`bue` ~`m~ lke`~ fo ugnov,

s~mgnmfho k~ buhn gb~ fo oaaoc~kqo' ò amc~ ks ~`m~

~vmno kg m amkv mgn avoo lmvio~ thm{s mg kltbv~mg~

vbho kg ocbgblkc s~mfkhk~{' Igbkge ~`ks ~ò Evbut

ba ôg~{ (E,64+ homnovs vocbgvlon ~ò stkvk~ ba

avoo ~vmno mgn ~ò lmvio~,ocbgbl{ s{s~ol nuvkge m

sullk~ kg Ums`kge~bg N'C' kg Gbqolfov 6440'

M~ ~`m~ sullk~ Tvosknog~ Hoo L{uge,fmi cmhhonabv m s~mgns~khh abv bvhn ~vmno mgn kgqos~log~

fmvvkovs' Abhhbkge `ks homn ~ò 6= homnovs m~ ~ò

Mskm,Tmckc Ocbgblkc Cbbtovm~kbg loo~kge òhn

kg Tovu bg 63 Gbqolfov 6440 ognbvson ~ò E,64

mevoolog~ ~b vosks~ nblos~kc tvossuvo ~b tvb~oc~

kgnus~vkos f{ voavmkgkge abv =6 lbg~`s avbl vmkskge

go fmvvkovs ~b kgqos~log~ bv avbl kltbskge go

optbv~ vos~vkc~kbgs bg ~vmno kg ebbns mgn sovqkcos'

Kg ~ò socbgn E,64 loo~kge òhn kg Hbgnbg bg 6

Mtvkh 644; ~ò homnovs vomavlon ~ò cbllk~log~

lmno kg Ums`kge~bg ~b voavmkg avbl vmkskge go

fmvvkovs ~b kgqos~log~ bv ~b ~vmno kg ebbns mgnsovqkcos avbl kltbskge go optbv~ vos~vkc~kbgs bv

avbl kltholog~kge U^B,kgcbgsks~og~ lomsuvos ~b

s~kluhm~o optbv~s'

Skgco ~ò `buskge mgn gmgckmh cvksos ovut~on kg

lkn,6445 ~òvo `ms foog m nochkgo kg gmh nblos,

~kc nolmgn' ^ò optbv~ fbbl `ms smqon ~ò _'S'

ocbgbl{ avbl vocosskbg nuvkge ~ò tms~ {omv b,

oqov mgn nostk~o ~ò vocog~ gmgckmh ~uvlbkh k~ ks

hkioh{ ~b cbg~kguo nbkge sb' ò fbbl kg optbv~s ms

eogovm~on m~ homs~ ~b lkhhkbg go mgn ke`,tm{kge

jbfs mfbu~ mha ba ~òl avbl kgcvomson abvokeg smhosf{ ~ò fohomeuovon lmguamc~uvkge soc~bv'

^ò Bvemgkzm~kbg abv Ocbgblkc Cbbtovm~kbg mgn

Noqohbtlog~ abvosoos cbg~kguon lbnos~ optmg,

skbg ba ~ò _'S' ocbgbl{ nuvkge 64404; k~`

04 tovcog~ ba ~ò klto~us cblkge avbl ~vmno kl,

tvbqolog~'=4

Vocog~h{ ~vmno ms foog m fuhmvi abv ~ò _'S' ocbgb,

l{ ms k~ ms shbon mgn omnon kg~b vocosskbg' Nuvkge

~ò {omv tvkbv ~b ~ò vocog~ gmgckmh cvksks optbv~s ovo

eogovm~kge gomvh{ mhh _'S' ocbgblkc evb~`'==

;' Soo IBV_S A^M: Bttbv~ugk~kos abv Mu~blb~kqo Optbv~s IBV_S A^M Amc~s Baco ba ~ò _gk~on S~m~os ^vmno Votvo,sog~m~kqo Bc~bfov 6440 'us~v'ebq"msso~s"Nbculog~RHkfvmv{"Amc~RSòo~s"6440"msso~RuthbmnRho?44R=?641'tna'

=4' Soo C' Avon Foves~og ^vmno Smqos ~ò Nm{ Ums`kge~bg Tbs~( =5 Sot~olfov 6440'

==' Kg~ovgm~kbgmh Ogemeolog~: ò _'S' C`mlfovs Meognm ~b @oht Mlovkcmgs Cblto~o mgn Ukg kg ~ò Ubvhnkno Ocbgbl{(Ums`kge~bg N'C': _'S' C`mlfov ba Cbllovco Nocolfov 6440+ 0'


9/12

OPÔVGMH KSS_OS 1=

Optbv~s mqo foog mg kgcvonkfh{ tbovauh sbuvco ba

ocbgblkc evb~` tvbstovk~{ mgn cblto~k~kqogoss

kg ~ò _'S' ocbgbl{' K~ ks m s{lfbh ba _'S' btog,

goss homnovs`kt mgn ogemeolog~ kg ~ò bvhn ~`m~

k~s ~vmno suvthus k~` ~ò cbug~v{ tmv~govs ba ~ò ==

A^Ms kg abvco evo avbl .3'0 fkhhkbg kg 6444 ~b .6=

fkhhkbg kg 6445'

^ò Nocolfov 6440 votbv~ _'S' Kg~ovgm~kbgmh

^vmno kg Ebbns mgn Sovqkcos f{ ~ò _'S' Cogsus

Fuvomu s`bs ~`m~ _'S' optbv~s ba ebbns mgn sov,

qkcos evo f{ =6 tovcog~ kg 6440 ~b .='0> ~vkhhkbg

mgn ~`m~ ~ò _'S' ebbns mgn sovqkcos ~vmno nock~

(.3;'; fkhhkbg+ ms ~ò hbos~ lbg~`h{ nock~ skgco

Aofvumv{ 6443'

Qkebvbus ~vmno khh òht ~ò bvhn vocbqov' Abv ~`m~

~b `mttog ~ò _gk~on S~m~os khh `mqo ~b tvbqkno

s~vbge homnovs`kt mgn m chomv cbllk~log~ ~b e`~tvb~oc~kbgksl'=6

Klthkcm~kbgs ba ~ò IBV_S A^M

Mh~`bue` m fmskc bfjoc~kqo ba ~`ks A^M kgk~km~kqo ks ~b

socuvo ehbfmh lmvio~ mccoss abv Ibvomg kgnus~vkos sb

~`m~ ~ò{ cmg emkg mg oneo bqov cblto~k~bvs ~`m~ ks

gb~ ~ò sbho tuvtbso ba ~ò mevoolog~' ò fvbmnov

ebmh ks ~b utevmno ~ò Ibvomg ocbgbl{ f{ btogkge

~ò nblos~kc lmvio~ ~b btog cblto~k~kbg'

^vmno mgn kgqos~log~ hkfovmhkzm~kbg fvkge mfbu~`keòv ehbfmh s~mgnmvns mgn m ~vmgstmvog~ fuskgoss

ogqkvbglog~ nvkqkge Ibvom ~b mc`koqo evom~ov oa,

ckogc{ mgn sovqkge ms ~ò mstkvon stvkgefbmvn ~b

focblkge mg mnqmgcon ocbgbl{ mnòvkge ~b ehbfmh

vuhos' ^ò nomh khh mhsb sovqo ms ~os~klbg{ ~b Ib,

voms ugs`mimfho cbllk~log~ ~b ocbgblkc evb~`

~`vbue` btog lmvio~s'

Abv ~ò _gk~on S~m~os ~ò IBV_S A^M khh lmio

Ibvom mg oqog lbvo m~~vmc~kqo thmco ~b nb fuskgoss

optmgnkge ocbgblkc bttbv~ugk~kos abv _'S' lmgu,

amc~uvovs bviovs mgn amvlovs'

M cbgevosskbgmhh{ lmgnm~on s~un{ f{ ~ò _SK^C

cbgchunon ~`m~ ugnov ~ò IBV_S A^M _'S' optbv~s

ba ebbns ~b Ibvom buhn hkioh{ kgcvomso f{ mfbu~

.=4 fkhhkbg tvklmvkh{ kg mevkcuh~uvmh tvbnuc~s lm,c`kgov{ ohoc~vbgkcs mgn ~vmgstbv~m~kbg o}uktlog~'

Kg mnnk~kbg ~ò s~un{ gb~on ~`m~ _'S' optbv~s kg

sovqkcos buhn kgcvomso ms m vosuh~ ba Ibvomg cbl,

lk~log~s ugnov ~ò IBV_S A^M mgn ~`m~ c`mgeos

kg ~ò voeuhm~bv{ ogqkvbglog~ buhn mhsb òht ~b

kgcvomso fkhm~ovmh ~vmno mgn kgqos~log~ bs'

F{ mttvbqkge ~ò IBV_S A^M Cbgevoss khh

cvom~o go bttbv~ugk~kos abv tvbstovk~{ abv _'S'

bviovs fuskgossos mgn cbgsulovs mgn ~ò _'S'

ocbgbl{ khh fo s~voge~ògon'=3

Ibvom ks m hmveo mgn evbkge lmvio~ abv _'S' optbv~,

ovs mgn m ebbn ocbgblkc mgn tbhkc{ tmv~gov ba ~ò

_gk~on S~m~os' ^ò IBV_S A^M ekqos ~ò _gk~on

S~m~os m avmlobvi abv m fo~~ov lbvo btog thmco

~b nb fuskgoss k~` m s~vbge ocbgblkc abb~`bhn kg

Mskm'=>

Ibvom ks m qk~mh abvco abv s~mfkhk~{ m~ m ~klo ba evom~

c`mhhogeo mgn c`mgeo bg ~ò Ibvomg togkgsuhm mgn

kg ~ò fvbmnov Gbv~òms~ Mskm voekbg' ò IBV_S

A^M khh s~voge~òg ~ò cvk~kcmh _'S' s~vm~oekc tmv~,

govs`kt k~` Ibvom' F{ fbbs~kge ocbgblkc ~kos mgnfvbmnogkge mgn lbnovgkzkge ~ò hbge,s~mgnkge mhhk,

mgco k~ tvblksos ~b focblo ~ò tkhhmv ba ~ò fkhm~ovmh

mhhkmgco abv ~ò gop~ ?4 {omvs ms ~ò Lu~umh Noaogso

^vom~{ `ms foog abv ~ò tms~ ?4 {omvs'=?

Cbs~ ba Kgmc~kbg

Amkhuvo ~b vm~ka{ ~ò IBV_S A^M buhn `mqo sovk,

bus cbgso}uogcos' _'S' cbltmgkos buhn hbso lmv,

=6' Lv' Bfmlms vmno Meognm (onk~bvkmh+Go [bvi ^klos( == Lmvc` 644;'

=3' Mccbvnkge ~b ~ò Ums`kge~bg ^klos bg => Gbqolfov 6440 ~òvo s`buhn fo gb aomv ~`m~ _'S' cbltmgkos khh vohbcm~o ~bIbvom m~ ~ò optogso ba _'S' bviovs focmuso Ibvom ks gb~ m hb,meo gm~kbg' ^ò IBV_S A^M khh cvom~o jbfs abv fb~`Mlovkcmgs mgn Ibvomgs'

=>' @ohtkge _'S' Cbltmgkos Optbv~ _'S' Notmv~log~ ba Cbllovco 'optbv~' ebq'

=?' IBV_S A^M Amc~s Baco ba ~ò _gk~on S~m~os ^vmno Votvosog~m~kqo Bc~bfov 6440'


10/12

16 ^@O IBVOM OCBGBLKC KGS^K^_Ô

io~ s`mvo kg Ibvom' Ibvoms A^M goeb~km~kbgs k~`

~ò O_ mvo optoc~on ~b gks` kg Lm{ 644;'=1

M hbge nohm{ bv vojoc~kbg ba ~ò IBV_S A^M

buhn `mqo mg mnqovso lmcvbocbgblkc kltmc~ bg

fb~` cbug~vkos' ^ò lbs~ oqknog~ oaaoc~ ba m nohm{

bv vojoc~kbg buhn fo bg ~ò skzo mgn tm~~ovgs ba~vmno mgn kgqos~log~ bs' ^ò nohm{s kltmc~

buhn fo evom~ov bg ~`bso soc~bvs tvklon ~b emkg

~ò lbs~' Kg ~ò _gk~on S~m~os mevkcuh~uvo buhn

aooh ~ò kltmc~ ms `ke` Ibvomg ~mvkaas bg avuk~s mgn

qoeo~mfhos mgn }ub~ms bg nmkv{ tvbnuc~s mgn lom~s

buhn cbg~kguo'

Vonuc~kbg kg Ibvoms vos~vkc~kbgs bg gmgckmh tvb,

aosskbgmh mgn b~òv sovqkcos buhn s~mhh maaoc~kge

_'S' tvbqknovs oaabv~s ~b kgcvomso ~òkv tvosogco kg

~`m~ lmvio~'

Kg mnnk~kbg ~b ~ò kltmc~ bg ~vmno mgn kgqos~log~

bs m hbge nohm{ bv vojoc~kbg ba ~ò IBV_S A^M

cbuhn òke`~og ~ogskbgs kg ~ò fkhm~ovmh ocbgblkc

vohm~kbgs`kt' ^ò IBV_S A^M ms kg~ognon ms m

loc`mgksl ~b mnnvoss bv vosbhqo kssuos ~`m~ `mqo

`mltovon ~ò vohm~kbgs`kt abv lmg{ {omvs mgn ms m

abvul ~b mgnho au~uvo ocbgblkc kssuos foabvo ~ò{

~`vom~og ~ò bqovmhh vohm~kbgs`kt' Ka ~ò IBV_S A^M

cbhhmtsos ~ò tbhk~kcmh ogqkvbglog~ suvvbugnkge

_'S',Ibvom ocbgblkc vohm~kbgs cbuhn sbuv lmi,

kge k~ lbvo nkacuh~ abv kssuos ~b fo mnnvosson mgn

vosbhqon'=5

[os( Uo Cmg

K~ ks bton ~`m~ ~ò go tvosknog~ mgn ~ò _'S' ~vmno

votvosog~m~kqo khh mnnvoss ~ò cbgcovgs ~`m~ homqo

sblo ugcblabv~mfho k~` suttbv~kge vm~kcm~kbg ba

~ò IBV_S A^M'

^ò ~vmno tmc~ buhn fo ebbn abv ~ò _'S' ocbgbl{

mgn _'S' bviovs' Vojoc~kge k~ buhn sogn mg ug,

ohcblo lossmeo ~b mhhkos mvbugn ~ò bvhn ~`m~ ~ò

_gk~on S~m~os ks mg ugvohkmfho tmv~gov mgn nostk~o mhh

~`m~ k~ tvomcòs nbos gb~ vomhh{ fohkoqo kg btogkge

lmvio~s ~b ~vmno'

^ò Cog~ov abv Mlovkcmg Tvbevoss Mc~kbg Augn

mnqkson kg k~s C`mgeo abv Mlovkcm: M Tvbevosskqo

Fhuotvkg~ abv ~ò >>~` Tvosknog~~`m~ focmuso ba

optoc~m~kbgs mhvomn{ vmkson ka ~ò IBV_S A^M kslks`mgnhon ~òvo cbuhn fo m qov{ no~vklog~mh oaaoc~

bg ~ò bqovmhh _'S' tbsk~kbg kg Mskm'

Nuvkge ~ò loo~kge fo~oog Tvosknog~ Fmvmci

Bfmlm mgn Tvosknog~ Hoo L{uge,fmi bg 6 Mtvkh

644; bg ~ò sknohkgos ba E,64 loo~kge ~ò ~b

tvosknog~s mevoon ~`m~ ~ò IBV_S A^M cbuhn

fvkge fogo~s ~b fb~` cbug~vkos mgn cbllk~~on ~b

bvikge ~beo~òv ~b c`mv~ m m{ abvmvn' K~ ks buv

`bto ~`m~ ~ò ~b cbug~vkos bvi optonk~kbush{

~b vomc` mg mevoolog~ bg ~ò tognkge kssuos kg m

lu~umhh{ mccot~mfho lmggov fmson utbg ~ò stkvk~ba s~voge~ògkge ~ò fkhm~ovmh mhhkmgco'

[os o cmg mgn o lus~ sokzo ~`ks lblog~ ~b lmio

buv vohm~kbgs`kt ~ò fos~ k~ cmg fo' Mg bttbv~ugk~{

suc` ms ~`ks ks gb~ hkioh{ ~b cblo memkg' òvo ks gb

lbvo ~klo ~b ms~o'

Tvbstoc~s abv 644;

^òvo ks gb fvbmn cbgsogsus ~`m~ 644; khh soo m

ehbfmh vocosskbg' Kg suc` mg ogqkvbglog~ k~ ks os,

sog~kmh ~`m~ kg~ovgm~kbgmh ocbgblkc cbbtovm~kbg fosus~mkgon mgn s~voge~ògon' Bgo ba ~ò fos~ m{s

~b nb ~`m~ buhn fo omvh{ vm~kcm~kbg ba ~ò IBV_S

A^M'

Ibvom ma~ov optovkogckge qov{ vmtkn ocbgblkc no,

qohbtlog~ bqov ~ò tms~ mha cog~uv{ mgn succossauh

vocbqov{ avbl ~ò gmgckmh cvksks kg =;;5 cuvvog~h{

`bhns m s~vbge tbsk~kbg ms m tvkgcktmh kgnus~vkmh

tbov' @mqkge ~`ks optovkogco Ibvom Mskms >~`,

hmveos~ mgn ~ò bvhns =3~`,hmveos~ ocbgbl{ `ms

foog ~v{kge ~b sovqo ms ~ò lonkm~bv bv ~ò fvkneo

hkgikge noqohbton mgn noqohbtkge cbug~vkos'

=1' ò O_ ks Ibvoms socbgn,hmveos~ ~vmnkge tmv~gov ma~ov C`kgm' vmno fo~oog Ibvom mgn ~ò O_ vomcòn .;0 fkhhkbg kg 6440mgn ~ò O_ ks ~ò hmveos~ abvokeg kgqos~bv kg Ibvom'

=5' Lmvi Lmg{kg Cmg ~ò _'S' mgn Sbu~` Ibvom Skge k~`bu~ IBV_S2 ^ò Ocbgblkc mgn S~vm~oekc Oaaoc~s bg ~ò IBV_SA^M (tvosog~m~kbg m~ ~ò =;~` _'S',Ibvom Mcmnolkc S{ltbskul Go [bvi _gkqovsk~{ =1=0 Sot~olfov 6440+ =?=1'


11/12

OPÔVGMH KSS_OS 13

_h~klm~oh{ ~ò _gk~on S~m~os khh fo ~ò cog~vmh

thm{ov kg fvkgekge mfbu~ ~ò vocbqov{ ba ~ò bvhn

ocbgbl{' Ibvomg fuskgossos mgn ~ò ebqovglog~

mvo bt~klks~kc ~`m~ ~ò go _'S' mnlkgks~vm~kbg khh

lbqo }ukcih{ mgn nockskqoh{ ~b cvom~o mgn kltho,

log~ m thmg ~b vosbhqo ~ò ehbfmh gmgckmh cvksks'

Ms o mqo nbgo abv lbvo ~`mg m mha cog~uv{ Ibvom

khh cbg~kguo ~b s~mgn s`buhnov ~b s`buhnov k~` ~ò

_gk~on S~m~os ms chbso mhhkos k~` cbllbg ebmhs

bvikge ~beo~òv bg ehbfmh kssuos `kho nootogkge

buv fkhm~ovmh ~kos'

Lv' @mg ks Lkgks~ov Cbugsohbv m~ ~ò Votufhkc baIbvoms olfmss{ kg Ums`kge~bg( N'C' ^ò qkos kg

~`ks mv~kcho votvosog~ `ks bg mgn gb~ gocossmvkh{~`bso ba ~ò olfmss{ bv ~ò Ibvomg ebqovglog~'


12/12

TVOSBV^ONS^MGNMVN

_'S'TBS^MEO

TMKN

TOVLK^#3555

UMS@KGE^BG(NC

IbvomOcbgblkcKgs~k~u~o

=044IS~voo~(G'U'Suk~o=4=4

Ums`kge~bgN'C'(64441

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U.S.-Korea Economic Relations: View From Seoul