U.S. ImperialismU.S. Imperialism

The “New” DiplomacyThe “New” Diplomacy

Monroe Doctrine - 1823Monroe Doctrine - 1823

Cornerstone of U.S. foreign policy in the Cornerstone of U.S. foreign policy in the Western HemisphereWestern Hemisphere

U.S. warned Europe – no new colonies in U.S. warned Europe – no new colonies in Western HemisphereWestern Hemisphere

U.S. won’t interfere in Europe or with existing U.S. won’t interfere in Europe or with existing coloniescolonies

Any attempt by Europe to interfere in Western Any attempt by Europe to interfere in Western Hemisphere would be considered a threat to Hemisphere would be considered a threat to the peace and safety of the U.S.the peace and safety of the U.S.

Theodore Roosevelt’s Theodore Roosevelt’s “Big Stick Policy” - “Big Stick Policy” -

DefinedDefined T.Roosevelt’s Corollary to the Monroe DoctrineT.Roosevelt’s Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine U.S. would not allow foreign nations to collect U.S. would not allow foreign nations to collect

debts by forcedebts by force U.S. would intervene and collect the debts for U.S. would intervene and collect the debts for

them them → U.S. acted as International Police → U.S. acted as International Police PowerPower

““Speak softly but carry a big stick; you will go Speak softly but carry a big stick; you will go far”far”

““Policeman of the Western Policeman of the Western Hemisphere” – Hemisphere” – Disadvantage? Disadvantage?

( “Headaches”!)( “Headaches”!)

Theodore Roosevelt and the “Big Theodore Roosevelt and the “Big Stick” policy- Advantages? Stick” policy- Advantages?

(The W. Hem. Leader!)(The W. Hem. Leader!)

Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelt Corollary Advantage? Based on precedent of Advantage? Based on precedent of

Monroe Doctrine; Shows US strength Monroe Doctrine; Shows US strength and leadershipand leadership

Roosevelt and the Roosevelt and the Panama Canal – How can RC Panama Canal – How can RC be used to solve problems?be used to solve problems? Attempts to negotiate a deal with Attempts to negotiate a deal with

Colombia to build a canal through the Colombia to build a canal through the province of Panama failedprovince of Panama failed

Roosevelt supported an uprising in Roosevelt supported an uprising in Panama by sending the US navy to park Panama by sending the US navy to park off the coastoff the coast

Panama Panama → once independent, signed → once independent, signed agreement for US to construct canalagreement for US to construct canal

Construction of the Canal Construction of the Canal was an accomplishment of was an accomplishment of modern technologymodern technology

Importance of the Canal – Importance of the Canal – Advantages?Advantages?

Move navy from Move navy from ocean to ocean - no ocean to ocean - no need for 2 ocean need for 2 ocean fleetfleet

Greatly reduced the Greatly reduced the time for goods to be time for goods to be transportedtransported

US better able to US better able to protect its interestsprotect its interests

Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy- Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy- DefinedDefined

Mildly expansionistMildly expansionist Depended on investors’ dollars rather Depended on investors’ dollars rather

than military powerthan military power Goal: to promote U.S. trade by Goal: to promote U.S. trade by

supporting American businesses supporting American businesses overseas (economic imperialism)overseas (economic imperialism)

Examples of Dollar Examples of Dollar Diplomacy – Advantage? Diplomacy – Advantage?

Disadvantage?Disadvantage? 1911 – attempted to have American bankers 1911 – attempted to have American bankers

included in international plan to invest in included in international plan to invest in railroads in Chinarailroads in China

1912-Taft ordered Marines into Nicaragua 1912-Taft ordered Marines into Nicaragua when civil war threatened to prevent repayment when civil war threatened to prevent repayment of US bank loanof US bank loan

Perspective determines opinion…business Perspective determines opinion…business supportive; anti- imperialists don’t like how it supportive; anti- imperialists don’t like how it makes us look in the world!makes us look in the world!

Wilson’s Moral Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy- DefinedDiplomacy- Defined

A moral approach to foreign affairsA moral approach to foreign affairs Opposed imperialism, the “big stick” and Opposed imperialism, the “big stick” and

dollar diplomacydollar diplomacy U.S. would respect other nations’ rights U.S. would respect other nations’ rights

and would support the spread of and would support the spread of democracydemocracy

Goal: Do the right thing and lead by Goal: Do the right thing and lead by exampleexample

Examples of Moral Examples of Moral Diplomacy- How did it solve Diplomacy- How did it solve problems?problems?

1916 - In the Philippines- territorial status 1916 - In the Philippines- territorial status and promised independenceand promised independence

1917 - Puerto Rico- U.S. citizenship 1917 - Puerto Rico- U.S. citizenship granted to Puerto Rican people; granted granted to Puerto Rican people; granted limited self-governmentlimited self-government

1914 - Panama Canal – Congress 1914 - Panama Canal – Congress repealed law granting U.S. ships repealed law granting U.S. ships exemption from paying tollsexemption from paying tolls

Moral Diplomacy failed- Moral Diplomacy failed- Disadvantages…Disadvantages…

1915 – sent Marines into 1915 – sent Marines into Haiti civil warHaiti civil war

1917 – sent Marines into 1917 – sent Marines into the Dominican Republicthe Dominican Republic

In Mexico – “Watchful In Mexico – “Watchful Waiting” – for Waiting” – for government supporting government supporting civil rights & free civil rights & free elections elections

1914 – U.S. troops sent 1914 – U.S. troops sent to occupy the Mexican to occupy the Mexican port of Vera Cruzport of Vera Cruz

1916 – Pancho Villa 1916 – Pancho Villa raided New Mexico, raided New Mexico, killing 19 Americans; killing 19 Americans; Wilson sent forces into Wilson sent forces into northern Mexico until northern Mexico until 19171917