US I CPADo Now

Complete the primary source cartoon analysis handout. (3 minutes)

1)How did the cotton industry impact the wealth of the South and the institution of slavery?

2) Analyze the Missouri Compromise, the Election of 1824, and the Election of 1828.

HW – Complete Chapter 4.4 and 5 Study Guide

Cotton Gin

Impact of the US Cotton Industry in the 1800s

Chapter 5 Section 3

Objectives1) How did the cotton industry impact the

wealth of the South and the institution of slavery?

2)How were African Americans impacted by the cotton industry and why did they rebel? Explain if the rebellions were successful.

The Southern EconomyThrived on the production of major cash crops

Tobacco – Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee.

Rice Paddies – Coastal South Carolina and GeorgiaSugarcane – Louisiana and TexasCotton – inland South Carolina, western Georgia,

Alabama, Mississippi, and into Eastern TexasEli Whitney’s Cotton Gin revolutionized cotton

processingQuickly pulled the seeds out of cotton ballsMills were opening in England and France and they

wanted all the cotton available

Cotton Becomes KingWhy was cotton identified with a king?1792

6,000 bales of cotton produced1860

4 million bales produced Sold for 191 million dollars in Europe – Modern equivalent is billions

of dollars2/3 of the total exports from the United States abroad

Made southern planters richIncreased slavery in the SouthCongress had outlawed slave trade in 1808

Why did number of enslaved people continue to increase?1820-1850 – slavery increased in the South from about 1.5 to 4

million

Industry Lags in the SouthThe south became prosperous from agricultureIt did not industrialize as quickly as the NorthRemained a region of rural villages and plantations

Three large cities: Baltimore, Charleston, and New Orleans

Industry in the SouthCoal, iron, salt, cooper mines, as well as ironworks

and textile millsStill relied heavily on imported goodsThe south accounted for only 16% of the nations

manufacturing total of the US.

Society in the SouthRigid and defined class structurePlanters at the top owned large plantations1850 Census

Of 6 million, 347,725 were slaveholders 37,000 were planters Defined as those who held 20 or more enslaved people Fewer than 8,000 planters held 50 or more people in

slavery; only 11 held 500 or more.

Wealthy landowners represented less than half of one percentDominated regions economy and its political

system

White Rural poor,

(Less than 10%)

Urban Class(Doctors,

Lawyers, and merchants)

Yeoman Farmers(Majority of

White Population

African Americans 93%

Enslaved(3.6 million)

Plantation Owners

(.5 percent)

SlaveryRice and cotton plantations depended on

enslaved laborEnslaved Labor

Considered chattelMajority worked in fieldsOthers worked as skilled workersServants in HomesFew legal rights, could not do the following:

own property, move freely, sign contracts, bring a lawsuit, possess firearms, testify in court, learn to read or write

Plantation LifeTask System Gang SystemEnslaved workers

performed a specific taskHad a choice for the

remainder of the dayCould earn money as

artisansPersonal gardens

Adopted as plantations grew

Organized in labor gangsWorked sunrise to

sunset Plowing, planting,

cultivating, or picking based on the season

Driver acted as the director of the work gang

Often they were enslaved

Southern Social Structure (1800s) – Place Enslaved People, Yeoman Farmers, and plantation owners on the social pyramid.

Frederick DouglasFormerly EnslavedProminent anti-slavery

leader“My natural elasticity was

crushed; my intellect languished; the disposition to read departed; the cheerful spark that lingered about my eye died; the dark night of slavery closed in upon me, and behold a man transformed to a brute.From the Narrative of the

Life of Frederick Douglas

Enslaved Women and ChildrenWomen worked long hard days in the fields or in the

plantation house: maids, nannies, cooksMany responsibilities and scrutiny by plantations

ownersSome enslaved women cared for other enslaved

women’s children in nurseriesWhen family relationships were involved they also

cooked for their familiesYoung children were not able to play with the owner’s

children As soon as they were old enough they were given chores. They were not allowed to attend school There were rare occasions when some children learned to read.

Free African Americans (The South)By 1850, some 225,000 free African Americans resided in

the SouthMost lived in cities in Maryland and VirginiaSome were descendants of indentured servants from the

1700s.Some earned freedom fighting for the American RevolutionOthers were half white children of slaveholdersSome individuals had been freedSome bought freedom for themselves and their familiesAmbiguous freedom – differed from state to state

Some states required licensees to preach and own firearms Cecee McCarty – New Orleans – dry goods – held 32 enslaved

people

Free African American (The North)196,000 freeSlavery was outlawed

Not totally accepted in White SocietyCould organize churches, volunteer

associations, publish newspapers, and earn money from the jobs they held

James Forteen – owned a sail factory and amassed a fortuneDevoted much of his wealth to abolishing

slavery

African American CultureSongs were important

Often criticized slavery and expressed hope for the future, without the slave owners knowledge.

Also played a key aspect in religionAfrican Rhythms influenced Rock, Jazz, Hip

Hop, Ragtime, etc.By early 1800s a large number of African

Americans were Christian Services centered on having a better life in the next

world.

Resistance and RebellionRebellions, work slowdowns, broken tools, set fire to

homes and barnsSome ran away and risked brutal beatings or mutilationsGabriel Prosser

Learned to read and became very religious Inspired by the Israelites struggle for freedom

Planned to capture Richmond – his followers made their own weapons an ammunition

Planned to kill all whites except the French, Methodist, and Quaker residents

Weather thwarted their attackGovernor James Monroe’s state militia captured Poser

Poser and 34 others were hanged

Resistance and Rebellion Cont…Denmark Vesey

Operated a woodworking shop in Charleston, SC

Accused of planning an armed revoltVesey was tried convicted and hanged

Nat TurnerEnslaved minister who led an armed uprisingKilled more than 50 men, women, and children

before state and local troops stopped the uprising.

As a result many state adopted even harsher restrictions on both enslaved an free African Americans.

How does this represent sectionalism in the United States?

Objective ReviewDirections – Write on a separate sheet of

paper.1) How did the cotton industry impact the

wealth of the South and the institution of slavery?

2)How were African Americans impacted by the cotton industry and why did they rebel? Explain if the rebellions were successful.