U.S. HistoryU.S. History

The Civil WarThe Civil War

Goal 3: Goal 3: Crisis, Crisis, Civil War, and Civil War, and ReconstructioReconstructio

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1848-18771848-1877

The federal troops at Fort Sumter The federal troops at Fort Sumter began to run out of supplies and began to run out of supplies and were on the brink of starvation. were on the brink of starvation. Lincoln not wanting to anger the Lincoln not wanting to anger the remaining Southern states in the remaining Southern states in the Union decided not to supply them to Union decided not to supply them to avoid violence with the South.avoid violence with the South.

Fort SumterFort Sumter Jefferson Davis, President Jefferson Davis, President

of the Confederate states of the Confederate states issued an attack on Fort issued an attack on Fort Sumter.Sumter.

April 12, 1861, citizens of April 12, 1861, citizens of Charleston were awaken Charleston were awaken to blasts of cannons firing to blasts of cannons firing on the fort. After 4, 000 on the fort. After 4, 000 rounds were fired, the rounds were fired, the federal troops surrendered federal troops surrendered without a single lost of life.without a single lost of life.

This was the start of the This was the start of the Civil War.Civil War.

The Civil War BeginsThe Civil War Begins

When Lincoln called for enlistments in When Lincoln called for enlistments in the Federal Army after the Fort Sumter the Federal Army after the Fort Sumter attack; Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, attack; Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina seceded.and North Carolina seceded.

Maryland, Delaware, Missouri, and Maryland, Delaware, Missouri, and Kentucky (slaves states) stayed in the Kentucky (slaves states) stayed in the Union—counties in the west of Virginia Union—counties in the west of Virginia broke away and formed West Virginiabroke away and formed West Virginia

North vs. SouthNorth vs. South

The Union vs. The Confederate The Union vs. The Confederate States of AmericaStates of America

The Union (USA) The North Blue President: Abraham

Lincoln Capital:

Washington, DC Commander(s):

George McClellan; Ulysses S. Grant

* GOAL: preserve the Union

The Confederate States of America (The Confederacy)

The South Grey President:

Jefferson Davis Capital:

Richmond, Va. Commander:

Robert E. Lee GOAL: preserve states’

rights

AdvantagesAdvantagesSouthern AdvantagesSouthern Advantages

Profits from “King Cotton” Profits from “King Cotton” provided money for the war effortprovided money for the war effort

Great military leaders & a strong Great military leaders & a strong military traditionmilitary tradition

Soldiers fighting for a “cause” Soldiers fighting for a “cause” who were highly motivatedwho were highly motivated

Northern AdvantagesNorthern Advantages Larger population so more fighting Larger population so more fighting

powerpower More factories to produce war goodsMore factories to produce war goods More food productionMore food production Extensive railroad system to Extensive railroad system to

transport goods and troopstransport goods and troops Lincoln was a skilled leaderLincoln was a skilled leader

Anaconda PlanAnaconda PlanThe Union devised a three part The Union devised a three part

plan to conquer the South:plan to conquer the South:1.1. The Union navy would blockade The Union navy would blockade

Southern portsSouthern ports

2.2. Control the Mississippi River to Control the Mississippi River to cut the Confederacy in halfcut the Confederacy in half

3.3. Capture the Confederate Capture the Confederate capital at Richmond, Va.capital at Richmond, Va.

Battle of Bull RunBattle of Bull Run The The Battle of Bull RunBattle of Bull Run was fought was fought

on July 21, 1861 in Virginiaon July 21, 1861 in Virginia Confederacy led by Confederacy led by Thomas Thomas

“Stonewall” Jackson“Stonewall” Jackson (he stood (he stood firm against the Union like a firm against the Union like a “stone wall”)“stone wall”)

The South won!The South won! This was a This was a major morale boostmajor morale boost

ShilohShiloh The Battle of Shiloh was fought The Battle of Shiloh was fought

on April 7, 1862 in on April 7, 1862 in TennesseeTennessee (considered a “western” battle)(considered a “western” battle)

It is significant because it It is significant because it showed the importance of showed the importance of sending out scouts, digging sending out scouts, digging trenches, and building fortstrenches, and building forts

• The battle was a draw

AntietamAntietam The The Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam was on was on

September 17, 1862 in Antietam, September 17, 1862 in Antietam, MarylandMaryland

It was the It was the bloodiest single day battlebloodiest single day battle in US Historyin US History

Northern victoryNorthern victory Lincoln fired Union commander Lincoln fired Union commander

George McClellanGeorge McClellan because he was too because he was too cautious and not aggressive enoughcautious and not aggressive enough

GettysburgGettysburg The Battle of Gettysburg was on The Battle of Gettysburg was on

July 1-3, 1863 in Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863 in Gettysburg, PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

This was This was turning pointturning point of the of the war, because the South never war, because the South never won another battlewon another battle

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address by Lincoln by Lincoln united the nation after this warunited the nation after this war

VicksburgVicksburg The The Battle of VicksburgBattle of Vicksburg was was

fought on July 4, 1863 in fought on July 4, 1863 in Vicksburg, MississippiVicksburg, Mississippi

Union victory!Union victory! The Union accomplished its goal The Union accomplished its goal

of of cutting the Confederacy in twocutting the Confederacy in two by seizing the Mississippi River by seizing the Mississippi River (Anaconda Plan)(Anaconda Plan)

Appomattox Court Appomattox Court HouseHouse

On April 9, 1865, Southern On April 9, 1865, Southern commander Robert E. Lee commander Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union surrendered to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant at commander Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in Appomattox Courthouse in VirginiaVirginia

William Tecumseh William Tecumseh ShermanSherman

Sherman was a Union commanderSherman was a Union commander Believed in the concept of Believed in the concept of total wartotal war

(fighting the civilian population, (fighting the civilian population, because they helped support military because they helped support military effort)effort)

Sherman marched Union troops Sherman marched Union troops through the South, to through the South, to AtlantaAtlanta, , burning everything in his pathburning everything in his path

Effects of the Civil Effects of the Civil WarWar

Established the Established the supremacy of supremacy of federal authorityfederal authority over the states over the states

Eventually, Eventually, slavery was slavery was abolishedabolished, through legislation , through legislation (13(13thth Amendment) Amendment)

No state would ever try to No state would ever try to secedesecede from the Union again from the Union again

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

Jan. 1, 1863Jan. 1, 1863

The Proclamation did not free any The Proclamation did not free any slaves immediately because it slaves immediately because it applied only to areas behind the applied only to areas behind the Confederate line, outside Union Confederate line, outside Union controlcontrol

ConscriptionConscription

a draft that would force certain members of a draft that would force certain members of the population to serve in the armythe population to serve in the army

Confederacy Draft law 1862/Union Draft law Confederacy Draft law 1862/Union Draft law 1863.1863.

Some Southerners said this was a “rich man’s Some Southerners said this was a “rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight” because Southern war but a poor man’s fight” because Southern men could pay to have substitutes serve for men could pay to have substitutes serve for them and slave owners with 20 or more slaves them and slave owners with 20 or more slaves did not have to fightdid not have to fight