1

U.S. History Since 1878 1st Nine Weeks

Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1 Which of the following is a common characteristic of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution?A They aim to protect the civil rights of African Americans.B They guarantee a high standard of living for workers.C They offer economic concessions to southern landowners.D They strengthen the authority of state governments.

2 According to the 14th Amendment, state governments mustA Conduct judicial review of Supreme Court decisions.B Ensure that every citizen has a job.C Obtain the approval of Congress to pass laws.D Protect the individual rights of all citizens.

3 Read the excerpt below and use the information to answer the following question.

Black Codes was a name given to laws passed by southern governments established during the presidency of Andrew Johnson. These laws imposed severe restrictions on freedmen, such as prohibiting their right to vote, forbidding them to sit on juries, and limiting their right to testify against white men. They were also forbidden from carrying weapons in public places and working in certain occupations. —National Archives and Records Administration

Southern states passed the codes described in the above excerpt in order to A decrease the number of northern representatives in Congress.B increase the labor supply for factory jobs in the North.C limit the effects of the Reconstruction Amendments.D improve relations with the Democratic Party.

4 Jim Crow Laws were laws thatA denied citizenship to Asian immigrants.C separated the races.B promoted discrimination against women.D taxed voters.

2

5 Read the excerpt below from a dissenting opinion on the Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson and then use the information to answer the question that follows.

If a State can prescribe, as a rule of civil conduct, that whites and blacks shall not travel as passengers in the same railroad coach, why may it not so regulate the use of the streets of its cities and towns as to compel white citizens to keep on one side of a street and black citizens to keep on the other? ... Further, if this statute of Louisiana is consistent with the personal liberty of citizens, why may not the State require the separation in railroad coaches of native and naturalized citizens of the United States, or of Protestants and Roman Catholics?

Which statement is consistent with this dissenting opinion?A Segregation is undesirable in a democratic society.B Implementation of this ruling would take many years.C Decisions on segregation are best decided by state governments.D Religious differences are more of a concern than racial differences.

6 As a result of increased immigration to the United States in the late 19th century, many immigrant families lived in tenements becauseA Adequate housing was scarce on the Great Plains.B There was a lack of affordable housing in overcrowded cities.C The U.S. government provided them with free housing.D They wanted to avoid living in ethnic neighborhoods.

7 Use the information provided in the box to answer the following question.

- Increased coal mining - Increased petroleum refining - Development of the Bessemer process - Development of the incandescent light bulb

What do the events in the list have in common?A They are results of the policy of Dollar Diplomacy.B They are results of the policy of Manifest Destiny.C They are factors contributing to the rise of industrialization.D They are events contributing to the increase of agricultural production.

8 During the late 19th century, factory owners often hired child workers because childrenA could be paid lower wages. C required little supervision.B had received job training at school. D were able to work after school.

9 One of the goals of the 1887 Dawes Severalty Act wasA the assimilation of Native Americans into American society as landowning farmers.B to provide homesteaders with land east of the Mississippi River.C the creation of industrial jobs for Native Americans.D to create reservations for Native Americans.

3

10 Analyze the content of the Venn diagram below and then use that information to answer the following question.

Which phrase best completes the missing information in the center of the Venn diagram?A Opposed the Supreme Court decision in Brown v Board EducationB Opposed racial discrimination against African AmericansC Believed minorities should unite in a violent revolution to gain equalityD Believed African Americans should start a nationalist movement

4

11 Analyze the information and images of the men and their shadows below then answer the question that follows.

Which group of people is most likely represented in the creation of the above 1893 cartoon?A union leaders C political bossesB philanthropists D nativists

12 The Chinese Exclusion Act showed thatA Black Americans had more rights than Asian Americans.B Americans were determined to limit immigration from Asia.C the Progressives welcomed immigrants from all nations.D discrimination was declining in the U.S.

5

13 Analyze the details in the illustration below and use that information to answer the following question.

According to the cartoon, United States immigration policy hasA favored highly skilled immigrants from developing countries.B consistently stimulated cultural pluralism.C periodically varied between openness and restriction.D encouraged the entrance of radical political groups.

14 Read the summary below then use that information and your knowledge of history to answer the following question.

US Immigration Trends 1870-1916More than 25 million people migrated to the United States between 1870 and 1916. Immigration, along with natural increase, caused the U.S. population to grow dramatically, rising from about 40 million to about 100 million during this time period.

Why was the population boom described in the above excerpt important to American industrialization at the turn of the twentieth century?A It resulted in increased use of natural resources.B It provided a larger labor force and consumer market.C It increased jobs in the fields of marketing and advertisement.D It encouraged a variety of cultural influences in economic innovation.

6

15 In the 1880s, Samuel Gompers helped found the American Federation of Labor, which focused on the interests of skilled workers.

Which statement below describes an early success of the American Federation of Labor?A It forced business owners to improve working conditions.B It negotiated with business owners to provide health benefits.C It gained federal government protection for striking workers.D It convinced the federal government to establish social programs.

16 A consequence of the Haymarket Riot and the Homestead Steel Strike resulted inA less support for labor organizations.B public sympathy for the strikers.C increased government support for labor unions.D better working conditions and paid vacations.

17 Read the following quote and use the information along with your knowledge of history to answer the question that follows.“I ascribe (credit) the success of Standard Oil Company to its consistent policy of making the volume of its business largely through the merit and cheapness of its products.”

Which captain of industry is identified in this quote?A Cornelius Vanderbilt C J.P. Morgan B Andrew Carnegie D John D. Rockefeller

18 Read the excerpt below and use the information to answer the question that follows.

There was never the least attention paid to what was cut up for sausage; there would come all the way back from Europe old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white--it would be dosed with borax and glycerine, and dumped into the hoppers, and made over again for home consumption.

- The Jungle, Chapter 14Upton Sinclair

Which statement explains how Upton Sinclair’s novel describing the meatpacking industry contributed to shaping perceptions about federal government power?A He called for national training standards for workers.B He encouraged farmers to form a government agency.C He demonstrated the need for a national food supplier.D He influenced public demand for government regulation of food.

19 What female reformer established Hull House to help the poor?A Jane Addams C Mother CabriniB Nellie Bly D Carrie Nation

7

20 •••• 17th Amendment

•••• 19th Amendment•••• Direct primary elections

• • • • Initiative, referendum and recall

What was the immediate effect of the Progressive era reforms listed above?A Shareholders began to elect corporate officers.B Big business came under greater government control.C Citizens had a larger role in selecting their elected representatives.D Political bosses in large cities gained greater control over local government.

21 Analyze the details in the cartoon below which depicts President Theodore Roosevelt’s involvement with a national scandal and then answer the following question.

A NAUSEATING JOB, BUT IT MUST BE DONE

How did President Roosevelt’s response to this scandal influence national policy?A The government became involved in protecting individuals from big businesses.B The government became involved in providing welfare for individuals.C The government began providing agricultural subsides.D The government began protecting natural resources.

22 Alfred T. Mahan’s book The Influence of Sea Power on History helped push the U.S. toward a position of world power byA convincing government officials to strengthen the U.S. Navy.B discouraging colonialism and trade with other nations.C preaching isolationism as a way to defend against foreign aggression.D arguing for the elimination of the army in favor of the navy.

8

23 Study the details in the illustration below and use that information to answer the question that follows.

The cartoon above expresses the growing desire of the U.S. in the latter half of the 19th century toA acquire new territory. C continue the policy of isolationism.B concentrate on domestic issues. D reestablish the Monroe Doctrine.

24 A major reason the U.S. began to seek colonies during the late 1890s was that theA Cold war rivalry between the U.S. and the former Soviet Union had heightened.B Expansion of American industry made acquiring new markets and additional resources

desirable.C Population pressures within the U.S. had become more severe.D The Monroe Doctrine required such action.

9

25 Analyze the map below then use the information along with your knowledge of history to answer the following question.

What conclusion is illustrated by the 1898 events on the above map?A Increased U.S. foreign aid to the developing countries in South AmericaB Increased U.S. public support for the construction of a canal through Central AmericaC Decreased U.S. economic influence in the Western HemisphereD Decreased U.S. naval presence in the Caribbean Sea

26 During the early twentieth century, one way political bosses gained voter support was byA campaigning for women’s suffrage.B advocating the use of poll taxes.C making improvements in urban infrastructure.D providing public assistance for former slaves.

10

27 Read the information provided in the flow chart below and use that information along your knowledge of history to answer the question that follows.

European powers established spheres of

influence in China, giving them control of

Chinese trade.

→The United States

advocated the Open Door Policy, allowing the United States to trade with China.

→ ?

Which sentence completes the diagram by analyzing how the interest in international affairs affected United States foreign policy?A The United States applied political pressure to impose democratic traditions.B The United States utilized military force to protect trade.C The United States sought to secure dominance in the hemisphere.D The United States fought to protect freedom of the seas.

28 Read the excerpt from a speech by Senator Orville Platt in October 1899 and use the information to answer the question that follows.

When the Stars and Stripes float over the court houses and school houses of the Philippine Islands, they will not signify despotism [tyranny], but justice, security, and the rights of man. Our flag floating there will symbolize liberty, regulated and governed by law, and the largest measure of self-government consistent with the welfare of its people.

Which statement explains why Senator Platt’s justification of the Philippine occupation helped the imperialists prevail?A The cost of withdrawing United States occupation forces was too high.B Opponents of United States imperialism understood benefits of new markets.C Imperialists claimed United States rule and would result in an expansion of democracy.D The natural resources in the region would be threatened if the United States withdrew.

11

29 Study the details in the illustration below and use that information to answer the following question.

What is the subject of the cartoon above?A Immigration C U.S. territorial expansionB The Spanish American War D WWI

30 Which of the following headlines is the best example of Yellow Journalism as practiced in the late 1890s?A Anti-Imperialists Oppose War with SpainB USS Maine Split by Enemy’s Secret Infernal MachineC Oklahoma Sunk in Pearl HarborD Several Sailors Die in Maine Sinking

12

31 The U.S. supported a revolution in Panama at the turn of the 20th century in order toA stop human rights abuses in Latin American countries.B prevent the spread of communism in Latin America.C secure the right to build a canal through Central America.D end European colonialism in Central America.

32 President Theodore Roosevelt’s “Big Stick Diplomacy” is associated with theA exercise of international police power by the U.S.B loaning of military technology to the U.S. allies.C use of economic sanctions against enemies of the U.S.D withdrawal of the U.S. from international organizations.

33 Which statement presents a justification of American imperialism during the late nineteenth century?A Leaders believed distant territories were important to long-term national security.B Leaders believed the country should avoid getting entangled in European affairs.C Leaders believed it was necessary to trade with Europe for military technology.D Leaders believed it was wrong to impose American ideals on other cultures.

34 Read the excerpt below and use that information to answer the question that follows.

I stand for the square deal....Now, this means that our government, national and state, must be freed from the sinister influence or control of special interests. Exactly as the special interests of cotton and slavery threatened our political integrity before the Civil War, so now the great special business interests too often control and corrupt the men and methods of government for their own profit. We must drive the special interests out of politics. That is one of our tasks today. Every special interest is entitled to justice - full, fair, and complete....but not one is entitled to vote in Congress, to a voice on the bench, or to representation in any public office. The Constitution guarantees protection to property, and we must make that promise good. But it does not give the right of suffrage to any corporation.

-from a campaign speech by Theodore Roosevelt during the 1912 presidential election

From the above excerpt, it can be concluded that Roosevelt warned againstA too much regulation of business.B the dangers of financial speculation.C the unequal treatment of minority groups.D businesses gaining control over government.

13

35 Read the excerpt below then use the information along with your knowledge of history to answer the following question.

…If every country washed by the Caribbean Sea would show the progress in stable and just civilization which with the aid of the Platt amendment Cuba has shown since our troops left the island, and which so many of the republics in both Americas are constantly and brilliantly showing, all question of interference by this Nation with their affairs would be at an end. Our interests and those of our southern neighbors are in reality identical. They have great natural riches . . . While they thus obey the primary laws of civilized society they may rest assured that they will be treated by us in a spirit of cordial and helpful sympathy. We would interfere with them only in the last resort, and then only if it became evident that their inability or unwillingness to do justice at home and abroad had violated the rights of the United States or had invited foreign aggression to the detriment of the entire body of American nations. It is a mere truism to say that every nation, . . . which desires to maintain its freedom, . . . must ultimately realize that the right of such independence cannot be separated from the responsibility of making good use of it. Excerpt from Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, 1904

Based on the above excerpt, what did the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine state that the United States would do if it became necessary to protect our rights?A The United States would permanently station troops in the Philippines and other Pacific

islands.B The United States reserved the right to intervene in the affairs of the western hemisphere.C The United States had the right and duty to expand its colonial possessions in Asia.D The United States would provide military aid to Europe to resist communism.

36 Read the Statements listed in the box below then use the information along with your knowledge of history to answer the following question.

Statement 1: The U.S. oil industry boomed due to oil deposits found in conquered territories.

Statement 2: Rebuilding its devastated army cost the United States an enormous amount of money.

Statement 3: The acquisition of new territories allowed for the expansion of U.S. commercial trade.

Statement 4: Territorial losses forced the United States to purchase expensive natural resources from other countries.

Which statement would most likely be found in a history of economic impact of the Spanish-American War on the United States?A Statement 1 C Statement 3B Statement 2 D Statement 4

14

37 Read the excerpt below from the Hawaiian citizens in 1897 and use that information to answer the following question.

To His Excellency William McKinley, President, and the Senate, of the United States of America....

We, the undersigned, native Hawaiian citizens...who are members of the Hawaiian Patriotic League of the Hawaiian Islands, and others who are in sympathy with the said League, earnestly protest against the...(addition) of the said Hawaiian Islands to the said United States of America in any form or shape.

- Petition, 1897

Based on this excerpt, what were the citizens of Hawaiian protesting in the 1897 Petition?A the forced annexation of the islands as a U.S. territory after the overthrow of Hawaiian

monarchyB the classification of the islands as a protectorate after the Hawaiian government signed a

treaty with the United StatesC the granting of the U.S. statehood to the islands after they were purchased from the

Hawaiian monarchD the colonization of the islands by political refugees from the United States

38 Analyze the graphic organizer below and use the information to answer the question that follows.

Which of the following best completes the diagram above?A Expansion of Global Trade C End of Racial SegregationB Beginning of the Cold War D Start of the Industrial Revolution

15

39 Examine the magazine cover below then use the information along with your knowledge of history to answer the question that follows.

This cover from a nineteenth-century magazine illustrates that the United States was beginning to change from aA slave-owning society to one without slavery.B mostly urban society to a mostly rural one.C mostly rural society to a mostly urban one.D a direct democracy to a representative one.

16

40 Read the following excerpt then use the information to answer to following question.

The opponents of . . .recall, however they may phrase their opposition, in reality believe the people can not be trusted. On the other hand, those of us who espouse these measures do so because our deep-rooted belief in popular government, and not only in the right of the people to govern, but in their ability to govern; and this leads us logically to the belief that if the people have the right, the ability, and the intelligence to elect, they have as well the right, ability, and intelligence to reject or to recall . . . ---California Governor Hiram Johnson, inaugural address, 1911

What conclusion about reform can be drawn from Governor Johnson’s speech?A It provided citizens with more resources to run for office.B It created new eligibility requirements for candidates for public office.C It made elected officials more directly accountable to their constituents.D It required elected officials to communicate regularly with the public.

17

Short Answer

41 You will be given a separate paper for this portion of your test which will be worth 15 points.

ID: A

1

U.S. History Since 1878 1st Nine WeeksAnswer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1 ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 1:1A 2 ANS: D PTS: 1 STA: 1:1A 3 ANS: C PTS: 1 STA: 1:1.B 4 ANS: C PTS: 1 STA: 1:1B 5 ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 1:3.G 6 ANS: B PTS: 1 STA: 1:2A 7 ANS: C PTS: 1 STA: 1:3 8 ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 1:3C 9 ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 1.2:B 10 ANS: B PTS: 1 STA: 1:3H 11 ANS: D PTS: 1 STA: 1:2.A 12 ANS: B PTS: 1 STA: 1:2A 13 ANS: C PTS: 1 STA: 1:2A 14 ANS: B PTS: 1 STA: 1.3.E 15 ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 1.3.E 16 ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 1:3E 17 ANS: D PTS: 1 STA: 1:3A 18 ANS: D PTS: 1 STA: 1:3.C 19 ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 1:3D 20 ANS: C PTS: 1 STA: 1:3F 21 ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 2.2 22 ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 2:1A 23 ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 2:1 24 ANS: B PTS: 1 STA: 2:1A 25 ANS: B PTS: 1 STA: 2:1 26 ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 1.2 27 ANS: B PTS: 1 STA: 2:1.D 28 ANS: C PTS: 1 STA: 2:1.D 29 ANS: B PTS: 1 STA: 2:1B 30 ANS: B PTS: 1 STA: 2:1B 31 ANS: C PTS: 1 STA: 2.1.D 32 ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 2:D 33 ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 2.1 34 ANS: D PTS: 1 STA: 2.2 35 ANS: B PTS: 1 STA: 2.1.2 36 ANS: C PTS: 1 STA: 2.1 37 ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 2.1.A 38 ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: 2.1 39 ANS: C PTS: 1 STA: 1.2

ID: A

2

40 ANS: C PTS: 1 STA: 1.3

SHORT ANSWER

41 ANS: Possible Answers: Students may use the following in their chart above

“Atlanta Compromise”1st Black PH D from HarvardAccused of being an “Uncle Tom”Born a slave Classical higher educationEmphasized jobs and training for blacksFounded Tuskegee Institute Gain economic security before equal rights Gradual equalityGrandfather ClauseIda B. WellsImmediate equalityJim Crow LawsKKKLiteracy TestsNAACPNiagara MovementPlessy v. FergusonPoll TaxPopular with whites especially President RooseveltStrongly opposed segregation The Souls of Black Folk (1903)

PTS: 15 STA: 1.3.H