US History: US History: Imperialism NotesImperialism NotesChapter 12Chapter 12

America Looks Abroad:America Looks Abroad:

French forced to leave French forced to leave Mexico:Mexico: Maximilian’s Army Maximilian’s Army defeated defeated

and he is executedand he is executed

Acquisition of Alaska:Acquisition of Alaska: William SewardWilliam Seward – –

Secretary of StateSecretary of State Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny 1867 – Czar of Russia 1867 – Czar of Russia

offers to sell Alaskaoffers to sell Alaska Buys Alaska for 7.2 Million Buys Alaska for 7.2 Million

DollarsDollars

Empire Building:Empire Building:

ReciprocityReciprocity – Mutual lowering of tariffs in order to – Mutual lowering of tariffs in order to open up new marketsopen up new markets Provisions included in McKinley TariffProvisions included in McKinley Tariff

Annexation of Hawaii:Annexation of Hawaii: American MissionariesAmerican Missionaries American sugar growersAmerican sugar growers Monarchy – Monarchy – Queen LiliuokalaniQueen Liliuokalani

Keep control of Hawaii in native handsKeep control of Hawaii in native hands President Cleveland refuses to President Cleveland refuses to

use American troops to overthrow use American troops to overthrow the Hawaiian government the Hawaiian government

Great Britain:Great Britain:

Civil War DamagesCivil War Damages:: Charles SewardCharles Seward Britain owes US 2 Billion DollarsBritain owes US 2 Billion Dollars Allowing Confederate ships to use portsAllowing Confederate ships to use ports

Venezuela - British Guiana BoundaryVenezuela - British Guiana Boundary Cleveland wants to end boarder dispute Cleveland wants to end boarder dispute United States is sovereign in the AmericasUnited States is sovereign in the Americas We would settle the boarder disputeWe would settle the boarder dispute War is possible – Settled with arbitrationWar is possible – Settled with arbitration

Strengthening the NavyStrengthening the Navy

Crisis in Venezuela – Crisis in Venezuela – Need for a stronger Need for a stronger militarymilitary

Naval Advisory Naval Advisory BoardBoard – 1881 – 1881

Congress Authorizes Congress Authorizes the expansion of the the expansion of the NavyNavy

Spanish American War:Spanish American War:

Cuban Crisis:Cuban Crisis: Cubans fight for freedom from SpainCubans fight for freedom from Spain Spanish order Cubans into concentration Spanish order Cubans into concentration

campscamps Seizure of American propertySeizure of American property President Cleveland – Orders Strict President Cleveland – Orders Strict

NeutralityNeutrality – Not taking sides – Not taking sides American Public Opinion – Favors Cuban American Public Opinion – Favors Cuban

IndependenceIndependence

Yellow Journalism:Yellow Journalism:

McKinley – Having “no more backbone than a McKinley – Having “no more backbone than a chocolate éclair”chocolate éclair”

Exaggerate Spanish atrocities in CubaExaggerate Spanish atrocities in Cuba Death and abuse of women and childrenDeath and abuse of women and children

Remember the Maine!Remember the Maine! Feb 1898 - Feb 1898 - USS MaineUSS Maine

Explodes and Sinks Explodes and Sinks Papers claim sunk by SpainPapers claim sunk by Spain Demand US declare Demand US declare

war on Spain war on Spain

War with Spain:War with Spain:

Congress prepares for war:Congress prepares for war: Money, Troops, ShipsMoney, Troops, Ships

Congress Declares WarCongress Declares War – April 25 – April 25thth 1898 1898

Philippines:Philippines:

Teddy RooseveltTeddy Roosevelt takes takes control of the Navycontrol of the Navy Orders the Pacific Fleet to Orders the Pacific Fleet to

the Philippinesthe Philippines Admiral DeweyAdmiral Dewey – Ordered – Ordered

to keep the Spanish fleet to keep the Spanish fleet from leaving Manila Bayfrom leaving Manila Bay

Destroys Spanish FleetDestroys Spanish Fleet Army of Occupation sent Army of Occupation sent

from San Franciscofrom San Francisco

Cuba:Cuba:

Call for 200,000 volunteersCall for 200,000 volunteers Only 28,000 regular troopsOnly 28,000 regular troops

Troops sent to Cuba in JuneTroops sent to Cuba in June Wool Uniforms – Not Wool Uniforms – Not

PreparedPrepared Ammunition, medical Ammunition, medical

supplies, food rationssupplies, food rations Rough RidersRough Riders Formed: Formed:

Teddy RooseveltTeddy Roosevelt – – Resigned from Dept of Resigned from Dept of NavyNavy

College athletes, cowboys, College athletes, cowboys, miners, lawyersminers, lawyers

Rough Riders:Rough Riders:

Battle of San Juan Battle of San Juan HillHill:: Hill overlooking Hill overlooking

SantiagoSantiago Rough Riders take Rough Riders take

hill on foot (Horses hill on foot (Horses still in Florida)still in Florida)

1010thth US Calvary – US Calvary – African American African American SoldiersSoldiers

Naval Battles:Naval Battles:

Admiral William Admiral William SampsonSampson

Blockade Blockade Santiago Santiago HarborHarbor

Spanish ships sunk Spanish ships sunk trying to break the trying to break the blockadeblockade

Surrenders on July Surrenders on July 3rd3rd

End of the War:End of the War:

Spain and US sign Spain and US sign Peace Treaty Peace Treaty August 12August 12thth 1898 1898 5,000 American 5,000 American

dead (disease, dead (disease, food poisoning)food poisoning)

America’s America’s “Splendid Little “Splendid Little War”War”

US Becoming a World US Becoming a World Power:Power:

PhilippinesPhilippines – Peace – Peace treaty left Philippines in treaty left Philippines in US ControlUS Control Annex the Philippines??Annex the Philippines?? McKinley – Decides to McKinley – Decides to

AnnexAnnex Filipino Resistance:Filipino Resistance:

AguinaldoAguinaldo - Angry - Angry because they helped because they helped the US win the US win

US Problems trying to US Problems trying to civilized Philippinescivilized Philippines

Cuba:Cuba:

Teller AmendmentTeller Amendment – Pledged to withdrawal from Cuba – Pledged to withdrawal from Cuba US army remained in Cuba to protect US interestsUS army remained in Cuba to protect US interests

Platt AmendmentPlatt Amendment:: Cuba should not make any treaty with another nationCuba should not make any treaty with another nation US keeps right to buy or lease naval stationsUS keeps right to buy or lease naval stations Cuba’s national debt must not be greater than they can Cuba’s national debt must not be greater than they can

paypay US can intervene to protect Cuban independenceUS can intervene to protect Cuban independence Cuba remains a US Protectorate 1901 - 1934Cuba remains a US Protectorate 1901 - 1934

Puerto Rico:Puerto Rico:

Taken during the Taken during the WarWar

No commitment to No commitment to withdrawalwithdrawal

Keep as a US Keep as a US TerritoryTerritory

Election of 1900:Election of 1900:

William Jennings BryanWilliam Jennings Bryan – – DemocratDemocrat ImperialismImperialism

McKinleyMcKinley – Republican – Republican Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt – –

Vice PresidentVice President Overwhelming Victory for Overwhelming Victory for

RepublicansRepublicans McKinley assassinated by McKinley assassinated by

an Anarchist – Opposes all an Anarchist – Opposes all forms of governmentforms of government

Roosevelt Becomes Roosevelt Becomes President:President:

““Speak softly and carry a Speak softly and carry a big stick”big stick”

Panama CanalPanama Canal – – Supported Panama Supported Panama independence rebellion – independence rebellion – Gain control of Panama Gain control of Panama to build canalto build canal Longer more expensive Longer more expensive

route (Columbia)route (Columbia) Canal Finished in 1914 – Canal Finished in 1914 –

Largest engineering project Largest engineering project in historyin history

Roosevelt:Roosevelt:

VenezuelaVenezuela: Defend : Defend against European against European aggression – Blockade of aggression – Blockade of Ports by Germany and Ports by Germany and BritainBritain

Roosevelt CorollaryRoosevelt Corollary:: Addition to the Monroe Addition to the Monroe

DoctrineDoctrine US could or should US could or should

intervene in chronic intervene in chronic problems in the problems in the AmericasAmericas

Roosevelt:Roosevelt:

Dominican RepublicDominican Republic:: US takes over US takes over

collecting Dominican collecting Dominican customscustoms

11stst application of application of CorollaryCorollary

Used money to help Used money to help the country and pay the country and pay debtsdebts

Used US military to Used US military to carry out plancarry out plan

Asia:Asia:

China – Open Door China – Open Door PolicyPolicy:: China be Partitioned China be Partitioned

(divided) by European (divided) by European nationsnations

US opposed partitioningUS opposed partitioning Open DoorOpen Door – Preserving – Preserving

equal trading opportunities equal trading opportunities All Ports (no matter All Ports (no matter

who controlled) would who controlled) would remain open to traderemain open to trade

Boxer Rebellion:Boxer Rebellion:

BoxersBoxers – Chinese secret – Chinese secret societysociety

Rebellion breaks out with Rebellion breaks out with Chinese aidChinese aid

Wipe out foreign influence:\Wipe out foreign influence:\ Killed missionaries, Killed missionaries,

diplomats and familiesdiplomats and families US Military hold out in US Military hold out in

BeijingBeijing Issues Second Open Door Issues Second Open Door

NotesNotes US pledge to keep China US pledge to keep China

intactintact

Russo-Japanese War:Russo-Japanese War:

1893 – Japan takes 1893 – Japan takes Korea Formosa as Korea Formosa as Protectorate and Protectorate and intentions to take intentions to take ManchuriaManchuria

Russia established in Russia established in ManchuriaManchuria

1904 War breaks out1904 War breaks out 1905 – Roosevelt brokers 1905 – Roosevelt brokers

peace treaty between peace treaty between nationsnations

Treaty of Portsmouth:Treaty of Portsmouth:

Japan would not get Japan would not get IndemnityIndemnity – Money – Money payment from Russia for war damagespayment from Russia for war damages

Japan get ManchuriaJapan get Manchuria Changes Balance of Power is AsiaChanges Balance of Power is Asia

Japan is new power – not RussiaJapan is new power – not Russia Roosevelt – Use of Arbitration rather than Roosevelt – Use of Arbitration rather than

war to settle chargeswar to settle charges