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Immigration and SlaveryUS History I – Unit 1
Goals for today:•Understand the origins of early American colonists
• Learn the names of the colonies and key cities
Migration from England90% of colonists came from EnglandHalf of the English immigrants were
INDENTURED SERVANTSPrior to 1660, most immigrants left
Europe because of religious or political turmoil
After 1660, economies improved and political and religious conflicts diminished
Scottish and Scotch-IrishScottish immigration soared because of the
creation of Great Britain in 1707Scots became colonial officials, governors, and
wealthy merchantsFirst stream came from the Scottish LowlandsSecond stream came from the Scottish
HighlandsThird stream came from Ulster in Northern
Ireland (Scotch-Irish)250,000 Scotch-Irish immigrated to the colonies
in the 1700s
The Germans100,000 Germans immigrated to the colonies
during the 1700sAlmost all came from the Rhine ValleyThese immigrants felt pushed from Europe by
war, taxes, and religious persecutionGermans primarily settled in the
Pennsylvania and Maryland coloniesIn Pennsylvania, a German immigrant could
obtain a farm six times larger than a typical farm in Germany
QuestionsFor what reasons did Scots and Germans
emigrate from their homelands?What is an indentured servant?ASSIGNMENT DUE FRIDAY, AUGUST 19
Research your own family treeBegin with yourself at the bottom and work as
high as you canBe sure to include the country in which each of
your family members were bornGo as far back as you can
How it should look:
Jesse DanielsSeptember 30, 1983Alton, IL USA
James Daniels, Jr.August 19, 1952Calexico, CA USA
Jacqueline GilkersonJuly 28, 1952Little Rock, AR USA
James Daniels, Sr.USA
Charlotte RoadyUSA
Jack GilkersonUSA
Katherine WeckerUSA
Slavery in the Colonies BeginsIn the early 1600s, Africans were treated
much like indentured servantsFreed blacks could own land, vote, and many
had slaves of their ownBy mid-1600s, the colonies began to pass
laws supporting the permanent slavery of Africans
Other laws stated that the children of slaves were born into the institution
These laws were supported by the racist idea that people of African origin were inferior to whites
The Transatlantic Slave TradeAlmost 1.5 million slaves were being
dispersed throughout the British Empire250,000 alone came to the colonies via the
West IndiesTraders purchased slaves from African chiefs,
who usually took them by force or as prisoners of war
Slaves came to America as part of a three part voyage called the TRIANGULAR TRADE
The Middle PassageShippers carried slaves across the Atlantic to
North America along a route known as the MIDDLE PASSAGE
The voyage could last two months or more and the slaves were separated from family, branded with hot irons, placed in shackles, and jammed into overcrowded dark holes below deck
At least 10% of the captured slaves crossing the Atlantic died en route
Here is a visual adaptation of the horrific journey
Slavery in the North and SouthEnslaved Africans were a small minority in
New England and the Middle ColoniesMost enslaved in the North worked as
deckhands, sailors, and house servantsIn the Southern colonies, slaves were used to
raise labor-intensive crops like tobacco, rice, indigo, or sugar
In South Carolina, slaves outnumbered whites
Most slaves worked 12 hour days with the bare minimum needed to survive
Rebels and Runaways1739 – Stono, SC – 100 slaves killed 20
whites before suffering defeat and executionMany escaped either to Native American
villages or to Florida (Spain welcomed runaway slaves in order to weaken the British Empire)
Many more stayed on the plantations and resist by working slowly, feigning illness, pretending ignorance, or breaking tools
A few slaves did earn their freedom, either by purchasing it or by being set free
QuestionsWhat was the Triangular Trade?What was the Middle Passage?How did the laws concerning enslaved
Africans sent to the 13 colonies change in the 1700s?
How did slavery differ in the North and the South?
In which American colonies did most enslaved Africans live? Why?