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US History Fall Midterm Review
Unit 7:The Gilded Age
(1870-1900)
USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900
IndustrializationIndustrialization
Reconstruction & Reconstruction & Rise of Jim CrowRise of Jim Crow
Ranching, Mining, FarmingRanching, Mining, Farming
USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900The SouthThe South:
After the failure of Reconstruction in 1877, the
South entered the Jim Crow era
Sharecropping & Segregation
USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The WestThe West:Farmers,
ranchers, & miners
closed the last of the frontier at
the expense of Indians
Mining was the 1st attraction to
the West; Miners created “instant towns” in areas where gold or silver
was discovered
Cattle Ranchers on the “Open Range”
The Farming Bonanza■ In 1862, the U.S. government began the
Homestead ActHomestead Act which encouraged farmers to settle in the West by offering 160 acres of land to families who promised to live there for 5 years
A pioneer sod house
1st transcontinentaltranscontinental railroad connected the west coast to eastern cities in 1869
Chinese workers made up a large percentage of laborers
on the western leg
Irish workers made up a large percentage of laborers on the eastern section
Populists■ Populists were westerners who wanted
–“Free silver” (Bi-metalism)
–Regulation of railroads
–Income tax
–Direction election of senators
Native Native Americans Americans in the West: in the West:
Major Battles & Reservations
• Little Big HornLittle Big Horn—Sioux surrounded & killed US Army division led by Custer
• Wounded KneeWounded Knee—Indians were killed to stop performance of Ghost Dance ritual
Indian tribes retained only a few reservationsreservations
set aside by the U.S. government
USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The NorthThe North:Experienced an industrial revolution,
mass immigration, & urbanization
America became the world’s leader in Railroad, Oil, Steel, Electricity
Vertical & Horizontal Integration
Vertical & Horizontal Integration
“Big Business”■ MonopoliesMonopolies (truststrusts): Companies that
controlled the majority of one industry:–Rockefeller’s Standard
Oil–Carnegie’s
U.S. Steel–Vanderbilt’s
railroads
Working & Living Conditions
“New Immigration” & Urbanization
Robber Barons or Captains of Industry?
Unit 8:The Progressive Era (1890-1920)
The Progressive Era (1890-1920)
■ Social Gospel
■ Jane Addams & settlement houses
■ Women’s Christian Temperance Union
■ Political Reforms:
–City commissions
–Initiative, recall, referendum
Muckraking JournalismThe Jungle led the gov’t to
pass the Meat Inspection Act
in 1906
History of Standard Oil helped push for
the break-up of monopolies
Anti-Trust Reform
Progressive Reform in the States■ Progressives made state governments
more democratic:–Initiatives—citizens (not politicians) can
put an issue on a state ballot & vote to make laws
–Referendums—citizens vote on an issue (such as tax increases) suggested by state legislatures
–Recalls—citizens can remove an elected official by popular vote
–17th amendment allowed for the direct election of Senators
Reforming Society
■Social Reform:
–Jane Addams’ settlement housessettlement houses for poor urban workers
–NAACPNAACP formed to help fight discrimination against blacks
–1818thth Amendment: Amendment: prohibition
–1919thth Amendment: Amendment: gave women the right to vote