US Credit and Payments, 1800–1935 sample pages

7/30/2019 US Credit and Payments, 18001935 sample pages

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9

FIRS ANNUAL REPOR OF HE PROVIDENLOAN SOCIEY OF NEW YORK

First Annual Report o the Provident Loan Society o New York, 279 Fourth Avenue,May 21, 1894December 31, 1895 (N Y: D V P, 1895).

T P L S N Y 1894. P z , I .B - , . H, z - . I M P

M P. F

, I V 3 .T 1892 C

Oz S C N Y. T - .T R W. D F, , : R W. F - J. PM . A ,

R S F AR C. T $100,000 N Y z J. P M C

V. A 5 .

T j . L $328.41. T .


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11

First Annual Report of the Provident Loan Societyof New York, 279 Fourth Avenue, May 21, 1894December 31, 1895 (N Y: D V P, 1895).

OFFICERS.

President.Robert W. de Forest,

62 W S.

reasurer.James Speyer,11 B S.

Secretary.Otto . Bannard,

18 W S.

Executive Committee.

David H. Greer. Charles F. Cox.Johns S. Kennedy. Solomon Loeb.Alred Bishop Mason. J. Kennedy od.

T O S - .

RUSEES.

Class o1897.

Charles C. Beaman. Abram S. Hewitt.William E. Dodge. John S. Kennedy.

Alred Bishop Mason

Class o1898.George F. Baker. John D. Crimmins.Charles F. Cox. Robert W. de Forest.

David H. Greer.


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12 US Credit and Payments, 18001935: Volume 2

Class o1899.Otto . Bannard. James Speyer.Solomon Loeb. J. Kennedy od.

Cornelius Vanderbilt.

Superintendent.Leopold Hecht.

Assistant to the reasurer.Max G. Hop. /

the provident loan society of new york.

FIRST ANNUAL REPORT.

may 21, 1894, to december 31, 1895.

GENERAL RESULTS.

B M 21, 1894, S , D- 31, 1895, , $600,000, $200,000 , . $100,000, , .T R.

T , , that aid canbe given on a strictly business basis by loans o money at one per cent. a month, or one-third o the legal charge made by pawnbrokers on small loans or short time.

I - , S - , q . T /

, - . T .1


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First Annual Report o the Provident Loan Society o New York 13

HE ORGANIZAION OF HE SOCIEY.

T S COz S C N Y M 9, 1892, - z . (A C.) T C Oz S S C f, - 1893 . A M R C, M. S L . T f S

L S N Y S . T ,

C. 295 L 1894, :

AN AC O INCORPORAEHE PROVIDEN LOAN SOCIEY OF NEW YORK.

Te People o the State o New York, represented in the Senate and Assembly, doenact as ollows:

Section 1. O . B, C C. B, H R. B, W

L. B, F R. C, C F. C, J D. C, R. F C-, R W. F, W E. D, C S. F, D H.G, A S. H, J J. H, A I, J., D. W J,

J S. K, S L, S L, A B. M, V Mz,J. P M, O O, / J H. Sf, G H. S,C S. S, J S, W S, J. K , A Wf C V, ,2 , T P L S N Y, S , , .

Section 2. T S j G C L - . I . T A, j , z S, C B- C L S. T C q


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S; ; q S; f S ; q, , S, - f S. N S ,

, S.

Section 3. S S ,

j S , q .

Section 4. T A f .T z A 25, 1894,

C : /

OFFICERS.

President.Robert W. de Forest.

reasurer. Secretary.James Speyer. Otto . Bannard.

RUSEES.

George F. Baker. David H. Greer.Otto . Bannard. Abram S. Hewitt.Charles C. Beaman. John S. Kennedy.Charles F. Cox. Solomon Loeb.

John D. Crimmins. Alred Bishop Mason.Wm. E. Dodge. James Speyer.Robert W. de Forest. J. Kennedy od.

Cornelius Vanderbilt.

F S, $100,000, :


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Name o Subscriber. Amount. Name o Subscriber. Amount.B, G $5,000 B $84,000D F, R W. 5,000 B, O . 1,000D, W. E. 5,000 B, C.C 1,000F, H.C. 5,000 B, A 1,000K, J. S. 5,000 B, J C 1,000L, S 5,000 B, W. F 1,000L, S 5,000 B, W. L 1,000M J. P 5,000 C, W. F. 1,000M, J. P 5,000 H, E. H. 1,000O, O 5,000 H, J.J. 1,000Sf, J H. 5,000 J, F. B. 1,000

S, J 5,000 M, J. 1,000T, F. F. 5,000 N, M 1,000, . K 5,000 P, L. 1,000

V, C 5,000 R, T. F. 1,000W, A. 5,000 S, A. D. 1,000C, J D. 2,000 S, W 500I, A., J. 2,000 Wz, G J. 500C $84,000 $100,000

T - : /

From o Certifcate o Contribution.

HE PROVIDEN LOAN SOCIEY OF NEW YORK.

N ........ $ ........T .................... ......

P L S N Y , , , - S prorata .

S S , .

N Y. .. ......... 189......................................

President.....................................

Secretary.....................................

reasurer.C

.1

89..

ContinentalTr

ustC.oftheCityof

NewYork,R

egistrar.

By....................................

Secretary.


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HE OPERAIONS OF HE SOCIEY.

T S M 21, 1894, U C B, C Oz S. T q, , -q, A 13, 1894, N. 279 F A, .

I S -, $100,000 . O S 5, $100,000 z

S 5 . .S $40,000.

F , S, D, 1894, z D B - 5 . , $100,000, . T : /

U S A.

$000 $000

State o New York.

HE PROV1DEN LOAN SOCIEY

number OF NEW YORK. series. en Year 5% Debenture Bond. a

P P J 1, 1905.I P -, J 1 J 1.

For value receivedthe provident loan society o new york B , C N Y J, 1905, One housand Dollars, U S A, C, , ,

. J J, , , - . T B B, S A, $100,000, B $1000 , B $500 .

I B, . T


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P I B U S, S, C, M S q -, S . T S B , J1, 1898, . T B , S. A , A S, , S, B,

, B j - B , , f .

T B C C C C N Y, .

In Witness Whereo,T P L S N Y S, B P, J, 1895.

the provident loan society o new york.............................................................

President.attest.

......................................................................Secretary. /

O J, 1906, the provident loan society NY B N Y wenty-Five Dollars U S, D B. 20

$25 James Speyer, reasurer. N. .....

T . N q. I - S .

T -, with ollowing important exceptions:

T . , 2 3 . .


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P

.N

S , .

N , , , .

T

S : /

(ace o ticket.)No. ........................

HEPROVIDEN LOAN SOCIEY OF NEW YORK,

279 Fourth Avenue.$.........................................Loan ..........................................1896............................................. Int............Mo............................................. otal.

READOTHERSIDE.

Name........................................................ ...................................................................Address.............................................................................................................................

T . L

.RAE OF INERES. O . , .CONDIION OF LOAN. A -

. TP L S N Y , , , , ; 25 .I . /

OFFICEHOURS:9a.m.5p.m.

S6p.m.


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(Reverse.)

HE LOAN MAY BE RENEWED3

, - .

when making payment by instalment, .

the interest due on the loan .

IF A NON-RESIDEN, HOW O REDEEM.

D , , EXPRESS CO. , E A

.W C. O. D. . T

.W C, D, M O .

A . A ,

, , - .T S

- j , - , , , , .

I , q . T , . S S q- , .

M H H S, B. A , A G . F

. T -- - , / - . M , S .4


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T S 1, 1894, F A D 4, 1895. T S. O , 182 z 123 . T

-. T , , S. T $328.41, - . , j

S . T S .T

S . T S j z .

W S f -,

q . S q S . T : S - , / , .5

INDIREC RESULS.

A S, ; S .

A f S z, f , P-


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, B, Bf. A S N Y, z S, C 326 S N Y 1895.

FUURE POLICY.

T S .

D 6 S , .

N S

, .

ROBER W. de FORES,P. /

TREASURERS REPORT.

FROM MAY 21, 1894, UNIL DECEMBER 31, 1895.(both inclusive.)

SUMMARY.

F :

C C, $100,000.005% D B, . . . 100,000.00 L, . . . . 10,000.00 $210,000.00

loaned, . . $600,000.00 repaid, . . $400,000.00I : 1% .

, $10,309.94 ( f 40% ), z .: 10% $100,000.00, 6 3/8% .

LOANS AND REDEMPIONS.

F M 21, 1894, D 31, 1895, z.: 492 .

T A Loansmade . . . . . . . . . . $607,000.50 35,038 .

T A Loansrepaid . . . . . . . . . 406,771.00 23,789 .

Loutstanding Dec. 31, 1895, $200,229.50 11,249 .


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T average fgures :D , ,T A L . . . . . $17 324/1000T A L . . . . $17 099/1000S A L

D 31, 1895, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $17 800/1000

L $100 432 P, 274 .

T P 71 P . . . $ 1233.74

T P 48 P $826.77

T L , L , S:

I.

Month. Loaned. Redeemed.

Amount oInterestAccrued

to theProvident

LoanSociety.

Amt oInterestReceived

by theProvindt

LoanSociety.N P. A. N P. A.

1894 M 1,256 $12,161.00 67 $451.50 $120.97 $3.87J 2,435 36,536.50 344 4,128.50 465.55 39.85J 2,058 33,408.50 373 5,204.50 742.75 66.85A. 2,066 33,474.50 598 9,220.00 988.97 148.78S. 1,530 25,467.00 1,050 15,944.00 1,086.17 350.25O. 1,573 26,543.50 940 13,341.00 1,210.66 350.30N. 1,368 27,449.50 1,124 17,017.50 1,470.79 501.66D. 1895 1,948 34,115.00 1,081 18,867.50 1,480.41 570.66

J 2,211 39,892.00 817 15,388.00 1,722.31 498.15F. 1,181 22,214.00 859 15,441.00 1,773.57 559.81M 1,322 25,388.50 1,166 20,573.00 1,830.27 808.68A 1,543 25,524.50 1,321 25,271.00 1,835.23 1,136.15

M 1,594 27,304.50 1,636 27,461.50 1,836.28 1,595.15J 2,098 35,026.00 1,660 28,031.50 1,905.19 1,994.62J 2,056 34,705.50 1,598 27,357.50 1,977.95 1,921.44A 1,972 36,511.50 1,717 29,422.50 2,056.52 1,828.85S. 1,528 29,808.00 1,871 34,331.00 2,007.47 2,079.88O. 1,657 33,019.00 1,737 29,755.50 2,039.97 1,874.13N. 1,445 28,113.00 1,875 35,119.00 1,963.67 2,239.61D. 2,197 40,338.50 1,957 34,445.00 2,899.11 2,545.31 35,038 $607,000.50 23,789 $406,771.00 $31,413.81 $21,114.00


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A I A . . . . . . . . . . . . $31,413.81 A I R . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,114.00B I D.31, 1895}. . . . . . . . . . . $10,299.81(z., 11,249 ) /

the inancial result o the

FIRS AUCION SALE OF HE SOCIEY,

Held onDecember, 4, 1895, is Shown by the Following able.

II.AUCION SALE ACCOUN.

NumberofPledges

Sold.

AmountLoanedon

Same.

InterestToDec,

1,

95.

Commissionand

ExpensesofSale,

15%.

TotalAmountdue

totheProvident

LoanSociety.

GrossAmount

realizedatSale.

Surpluson182

Pledgestothe

CreditofPledgors.

Losson123Pledges

fallingonthe

Society.

305 $2,850.00 $497.03 $655.57 $4,002.60 $4,372.45 $698.26 $328.41

O 14 z ,

.Note I. O 14 . . . . . . . $222.00

G z . . . . . . . . . . . 171.16L , , . . . $50 84

Note II. O $698.26, $15.79 .

EXPENSES.

T S 20 E O .

TExtraordinary Expenses (

U C B ), ,, , . T $3,677,35. I

S q, 279 F A, / C M B (

, - ), , .

T Ordinary Running Expenses (including some payments or whole year) $14,057.80, $770, z.:


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III.

Ordinary Running Expenses per month prior to December31, 1895.

R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $167.00S: S C . . . . . . . . . 507.00

W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.00B , S C 18.75I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.00S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.00S E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.25

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $770.00

S J 1, 1896, $800, , , .

T f temporary loans S, , . O 20 J, 1896, S $20,000, $5,000 M 2 7, 1896, A , 1896, . /

T S

INCOME AND EXPENDIURES

M 21, 1894, D 31, 1895.IV.

Dr. INCOME ACOOUN per December31, 1895. Cr.Interest Account.I D. BI N.

$5,000.00933.29

Accrued In West Acct.I,

M, I- 1894, D.31, 1895, $31,413.81

$5,933.29D

S & C$347.43

D K- C.

91.21

D $9,000.00

B J 1,95 225.00 663.64 $5,269.65O ce Fixtures Account.W f

40% $3,677.351,470.94

General Expense Acct. 2,210.31Rent Acct 3,147.38Salary Acct 8,700.11Stolen Property Suspense Acct 15.00Proftand Loss Acct 290.48B 10,309.94

$31,413.81 $31,413.81 /


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V.

BALANCE SHEE per December31st,1895.

Assets. Liabili-ties.

A. P$200,229.50

C A.(C- C)

$100,000.00

A. I

10,299.8151%Debenture Bonds

Acct. 100,000.00

I D.C . 74.92 B C . 2,059.76 J. 1, 1896 $2,500

C K C.

3,753.17N J

1,1895125 2,625.00

O F, $3,677.35 Loan Account.A. 40% f. 1,470.94 2,206.41 D N $5,000.00

I 6.16 5,006.16Pledgors Surplus Acct.D P,

A S$698.26

P 15.79 682.47I A. 10,309.94

A $218,623.57 $ 218,623.57

F , 2 47/100% S, 1%

, S M 21, 1894, D. 31, 1895, $10,309.94, , f 40% .

JAMES SPEYER,. /


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APPENDICES /

APPENDIX A.CONSTITUTION OF THE PROVIDENT LOAN SOCIETY

OF NEW YORK.

(Organized under Chapter295 o the Laws o 1894.)

Article I.

itle.T S he Provident LoanSociety o New York.

Article II.

Objects.I j S ,

.

Article III.

Membership.Section 1. T S:

(1) I .(2) S

z S A 25, 1894.(3) A -

S $500, - B E C.

Section 2. T M C N Y, C C N Y, P P D, P D- C, / P , z.,T C Oz S C N Y, T A I C P, S S. V P, U H C ex-o cio S.


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Article IV.

Management.T f S , S. T B -

j

S, z

S A 25, 1894. U

, M

T F, 1895, 1896 1897, -

.F

,

. O

C Oz S C N Y,

z S.

Article V.

O cers.T S P, S .

T .

T P, S S,

.

T .

T P

.

T , ,

. /

Article VI.

Executive Committee.T , E-

C , P, S ,

ex-o cio . M . T -

B ,

, .


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Article VII.

Meetings.

T S M F

. S P-

S.

R B M

F, A N. S

P B.

N S

C NY, S

S .

N

.

Article VIII.

Vacancies.

T

S,

.

Article IX.

Compensation or Services or Proft.

N S -

. /

Article X.

Funds.

M S -

:1. G q.

2. C C-

,

,

pro rata - .

3. L .


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Article XI.

Interest on Loans made by the Society.T S - -z .

Article XII.

By-Laws.T B-L R C

C S .

Article XIII.

Quorum. S q S.

Article XIV.

Amendments.T C, A I., II., IX., - -

, , , A XI. .

I S j S ,

. /

APPENDIX B.

MEMBERS OF THE PROVIDENT LOAN SOCIETY OF NEW-YORK

B, G F. K J S.B, O . L, S

B, C C. L, SB, H R. M, A BB A M, WB, J C M, JB W. F Mz, VB, W L M, J. PC, W F. N, M


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C, F R. O, OC, C F. P, L.C, J D. R, T F.C, R. F Sf, J H. F, R W. Sz, CD, W. E. S G H.F, H C. S A D.F, C S. S, C S.G, D H. S, JH, E H. S, W

H, A S. T, F F.H, J J. , J. KI, J., A Wz, G J.

J, D. W Wf, AJ, F B. V, C.

EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS.

H. W L. S C N Y.H. A P. F, C C N Y.H. T R, P C P D.H. S W. , P D C.R W. F, Eq. P C Oz S

N Y.R. F C, Eq., P A I C P.

J Fz, Eq., P S S. V P.H R, Eq., P U H C. /

APPENDIX C.

REPORT

of a special committee of the

CHARITY ORGANIZATION SOCIETY,

to consider the advisability of inaugurating aPROVIDENT LOAN COMPANY

o the Executive Committee o theCharity Organization o the City o New York:

T S C


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, - , , , j, - C Oz S j, C R M , 1892.

A, C C C C , - , z , ,

P L C, :

1. T $100,000, $100 , B D ,

/ .* N B D .

2. N , 6 () . .

3. O ,

- , D . N , D

D P L C .

4. S , , .

* T C , , .

T z,

- . /

T . /

T , - , , .


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5. T B D, - , ; , , j D C OzS C N Y.* T B D , / , ; A M - .

I , , C A A, C , , ; , z - , , , C Oz S, A I C P, C A B D .

O , , C P LC -

N Y. C. F. C,Alred Bishop Mason,} Committee.Otto . Bannard,

N Y, M 9, 1892. /

* T C C Oz , . T C S j - . /


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APPENDIX D.

(R The Charities Review M, 1894.)

THE PROVIDENT LOAN SOCIETY OF NEW YORK.ITS ORIGIN AND PURPOSE.

All , M. H G7 z . A z .

B , ,

, , , , , j .

T P L S N Y .

T , -, z , P ,

.B , ,

, , , , . T -, , . T , . I / , .

I , , , , . B , , , , , , , , . H - ,

. A -, , , , , , , , f .

T , , . I q - , G E,


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, . B - , , , , , E 300

; , D. E Wz, D, j, C F, G, , 1290 , C S, B, , 1350, z - .

T , M P, , R P D, P S V.(152190).

T M P ( W U): M P- M P, M P C, , , I ,

-.T j , , /

. T ( I, S,F, A, G, H, .) . T

. T - j ( q ) . O , , , , , ,., , .

T , , , z .

K F W P, 1834, z

R L B, , , z, B - 1826.

, , * R M P,

* A . /


27/31


P, 1891 ( 1778, F ).

rancs.T M P P 1891 38,000,000T 22,000,000M 60,000,000

$12,000,000 2,300,000 f , 30 ($6).

I 12 14

, . I , , , .D 1891, 8 . .O , 825 z ; 78 I, 97 z .

A , , f . T 20 , C P, .

T M P P 3 (60

); , ( , .,) 7 .

T M P P, , , , N Y . W , RP B, N Y, P 24 .

, S N Y 30 . P .

I 188990, R P O B 5,000,000 ($1,200,000) 240,000 j; , 21

($5). I , 10,000,000 , $2,400.000. T 2, 50 .

T - P 12 . . T BR P O , , 1888 1889, 10 .

.


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I C---R, 189192 760,000 95,000 , / 8, $1.85. O 6 . . T ( ); 11 . .

I C F---M 189192 800,000 102,000 , 8 , $1.80. T 3 , 75 . O 7.8 . . T , 12 ., j

$300, .

A M P - B ( 1887 C.R P, $66,000 . $78,000). I , ,

U S, .T B , T W L A,

$90,000, $120,000 , - , , $78. I . .

N Y C, :

First: T S j .

Second: W , z.:30 . , , S 12 . ; , , .

Tird: W , , , , , , S , , .

Fourth: T S , .

Fih: T , , , / ,

z .


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W M. C B ( L F) ,

, , , , , , .

B - z ? W , , ? W , , , N Y C.

James Speyer.


30/31

295

EDITORIAL NOTES

Hill, Notes on Provient Institutions in Arknss,ennessee, n exs

1. mountainous, sterile, and thereore unadapted to social gregariousness:Te uthor o thisreport ws by trining geologist, hence the reerence to the terrin o the region uneriscussion. Te geology o the region is importnt becuse, s Hill notes, it illustrtesthe precriousness o erning living rom the ln in these regions. Tough the low-income worker in urbn res like New York City receive most o the ttention rom

philnthropists regring the lon shrk problem, those in the rurl res were lso onlow-incomes n h uncertin employment n were perhps more in nee o philn-thropic help. At the time this report ws written, such provient fnncil institutions

were virtully nonexistent in the rurl res o the US.2. roughest and most meagre diet: Hill points out the irony tht the rurl worker ws helping

to prouce cotton or export to the mills to estern US, while t the sme time the south-

western regions were hving to import oo rom the estern sttes.3. comorts and inuences o moral refnement: By the lte 1800s, most Ntive Americns

h been orce by the US government to move onto Inin reservtions, where eco-nomic conitions were oen eplorble n poverty ws rmpnt. Te uthor notes thtthe conitions or the griculturl workers in the south-west regions were no better thntht o the Ntive Americns.

4. popular avor: Hill is pointing out tht the problem is not with the existence o provientinstitutions in the urbn res o the south-west, but in the rurl res. Even toy, rurlres o the US re oen less well serve by fnncil institutions thn the urbn res.

First Annual Annual Report o the Provident Loan Society o New York

1. Tis doubt has now been removed:As iscusse in the Introuction to this volume, the

problem conronting low-income working iniviuls is tht their only option or bor-rowing ws either riens, mily or the lon shrk. Lon shrks were oen reerre tos three-percenters, mening tht they chrge n interest rte o 3 per cent per month.

When clculte t n nnul rte, this is ner 40 per cent. Tis high interest rte wslikely not ue to perceive higher eult rte by low-income iniviuls, but instebecuse there ws so little competition in supplying lons, the lon shrks coul chrge higher interest rte. Te existence o non-proft provient lon societies (PLSs) by pro-

viing competition or the lon shrks coul help lower the interest rtes chrge by the


31/31

296 Notes to pages 1250

lon shrks. Tis report notes tht by chrging rte o 1 per cent per month, the PLSswere t lest breking even.

2. together with such persons as they may associate with themselves:Te iniviuls liste s theouners o the PLS re ll prominent n welthy iniviuls in New York City. Perhpsthe best known o these is Cornelius Vnerbilt II, who ws the grnson o the gretAmericn inustrilist n philnthropist, Cornelius Vnerbilt (17941877). Vner-bilt II (184399) ws successul businessmn who h inherite $5 million rom hisgrnther n succeee his grnther s he o the New York Centrl Rilro.

Vnerbilt II ws known s workholic, h stroke in 1896 n ie three yers lter.3. HE LOAN MAY BE RENEWED: Note tht there is no restriction on the number o

times tht lon my be renewe. Tis ws n importnt issue when borrowing rom lon shrk becuse continul renewl o the lon t high interest rtes coul over time

interest the totl mount tht the borrower ws inebte to the lon shrk.4. kept strictly private:For some borrowers, the chritble spect o the PLS might keepsome iniviuls rom borrowing rom the society. By keeping the nmes secret, theintent ws to ssure the borrower tht others woul not fn out bout the lon.

5. obtaining increased capital or this purpose: It ws not the intent o the society to proviell borrowers with n lterntive to the lon shrk. Tis ws not possible ue to the lrgemount o uns tht woul hve been necessry. It woul hve lso increse the moni-toring costs to the society. Te society ws to provie competition n thus inuce thelon shrks to lower their rte o interests, though it ws impossible to obtin inorm-tion on how successul the society my hve been in reucing these rtes.

6. Distance has proved a serious obstacle:As note in the Introuction to this volume, thesociety increse the number o o ces throughout New York City. However, in recent

yers with the estblishment o the internet n vnces in proviing lons online, thesociety cn lon in ll fy sttes without the nee or ctul physicl o ces.

7. Henry George: prominent nineteenth-century politicl economist (183997) who wsbest known or his proposls o single tx on ln vlues. His most mous book ws

Progress and Poverty (1879). Georges ies remin inuentil mong smll group oeconomists even toy.

Brbrook,Provident Societies and Industrial Welare

1. Charon: In Greek mythology, Chron crrie souls o the ecese cross the iviebetween the worl o the living n the worl o the e. Tis is the origin o the tri-tion o plcing coin with the ecese iniviul who woul use it to py Chron ortheir trnsporttion into the erlie. Filure to py the coin conemne the ecese ton unsettle stte between lie n eth.

2. Hadrian: the Romn Emperor rom ad 117 to 138 who is best known or builing H-rins Wll mrking the northern limit o Romn Britin.

3. Romno more: Ltin term mening in the Romn wy or shion.4. Opprobrious or contumelious:hrsh criticism.5. Huguenot:reers to members o the Protestnt Reorme Church o Frnce uring the

sixteenth n seventeenth centuries who were inspire by the writings o the Protestntreormer John Clvin.

6. Post-o ce Savings-banks:Tough postl svings bnks were bolishe in the US in the1930s, there hve been clls to restore this system, especilly s wy to provie semoe or iniviul svings in the ce o fnncil crisis. See P. Jessup n M. Bochnk,

Documents

US Credit and Payments, 1800–1935 sample pages