US – China Symposium on Industry Participation in Standardization 30 May 2007

Dr. Christine Sloane

Experience with Development of Standards

Fuel Cell Vehicles

Experience with Development of Standards

Fuel Cell Vehicles

Development of Standards is ahead of the product being ready for the marketplace• minor vested commercial interests• easier to seek efficient requirements & measures

Development of Standards is ahead of the product being ready for the marketplace• minor vested commercial interests• easier to seek efficient requirements & measures

Global companies are developing the technology • interest in global products, not national protections• interest in technology-neutral standards to allow rapid

use of changes/advances in technology

Global companies are developing the technology • interest in global products, not national protections• interest in technology-neutral standards to allow rapid

use of changes/advances in technology

Nations with major technology investments recognize benefit of global markets

• opportunity to change from history of different national

requirements to efficient global standards • linked to compelling global drivers

Nations with major technology investments recognize benefit of global markets

• opportunity to change from history of different national

requirements to efficient global standards • linked to compelling global drivers

What is Different?What is Different?

Interim Specs Industry Standards

Concept CarsIs it real?

Demo CarsCan we do it?

Pre-CommercialIs it viable?

ProductionProduction

10s10s 100s100s 1000s1000s CriticalCriticalmassmassGuidelines & Best Practices

Potential Rollout of Fuel Cell VehiclePotential Rollout of Fuel Cell Vehicle Standards & RulemakingStandards & Rulemaking

technology advances & evaluation

validation & experience

Regulationscommercialfeasibility

# vehiclesworldwide

EU nationsEU nationsUN ECEUN ECE

UN GTRUN GTR

US-NHTSAUS-NHTSA

ISOISOSAESAE

Rule Making

The lead forum for development of global vehicle standards for Fuel Cell Vehicles

is SAE International

The lead forum for development of global vehicle standards for Fuel Cell Vehicles

is SAE International

• Participation based on level of expertise & experience (not nationality)

• Strong participation by component suppliers and vehicle manufacturers with fuel cell vehicles in global demonstration fleets

• Strong participation by Japan, US & EU• Global experts convene on frequent & adjustable work

schedules• Work groups accommodate teleconferencing• Harmonization with ISO is accomplished by people with

joint membership who ensure consideration of common information for a data-driven basis for requirements

• Open to participation by experts from China

SAE-- vehicles Fuel Cell Standards Committee• FCV Safety Work Group• FCV Performance Work Group• FCV Interface (fueling) Work Group

Activity in Codes & Standards DevelopmentFor Fuel Cell Vehicles

Activity in Codes & Standards DevelopmentFor Fuel Cell Vehicles

ISO – vehicles & facilities TC 197 Hydrogen Technologies TC 22/ SC 21 Electric Vehicles

ISO TAGs (National voting Tech Advisory Groups)

United Nations-ECE WP 29 GRSP Work Group

NFPA (fueling stations & repair)ICC (fueling stations & repair)

CSA (dispensers)

Facilities(fueling stations, repair & service

FCV Technical Committees in SAEFCV Technical Committees in SAE

Fuel Cell Vehicle Standards Committee

SAE document

Safety WG Vehicle safety J2578

Fuel system safety J2579

Electrical safety J1766

S/V Interface WG 35MPa Receptacle & Nozzle J2600

70MPa Receptacle & Nozzle J2799

Fueling Protocol J2601

Hydrogen fuel quality J2719

Performance WG Fuel cell system J2615

Fuel processor J2616

Fuel cell stack J2617

Fuel cell stack durability J2722

Emission & fuel consumption J2572

Recyclability J2594

Published

Drafti

ng

FCV Technical Committees in ISOFCV Technical Committees in ISO

Electric Road Vehicles

TC22/SC21

Hydrogen Technologies

TC197

Vehicle safety

FCHEV consumption CGH

FCV consumption CGH

Liquid-H2 fueling interface

Hydrogen fuel spec

H2 system safety guidelines

Liquid-H2 storage

Compressed-H2 fueling interface

Compressed-H2 storage

ISO 23272-1,2,3

WI 23828-1

WI 23829-1

ISO 13984

ISO/TS 14687

ISO/TR 15916

DIS 13985

ISO 17268

DIS 15869

(H2 & electrical)

Published

Drafti

ng

SAE J2600 Fueling Connectors700 bar & liq

SAE 1766Electrical System

Crash Integrity

SAE 2579Hydrogen Fuel Handling &

Storage Systems

SAE J2600Compressed Hydrogen

Fueling Connectors

SAE J2578Vehicle Safety

SAE J2615Performance Test for

Fuel Cell Systems

SAE J2616Performance Test for

Fuel Processor Systems

SAE J2617Performance Test forPEM Fuel Cell Stacks

SAE J2601Compressed HydrogenFueling Communication

SAE J2572Exhaust Emissions

Recommended practice

SAE J2594Fuel Cell Recyclability

EPAEmissions

DOT/NHTSACrashworthiness

Of HFCV

DOT/NHTSAFC Vehicle

RegulationsNFPA52

Fuel Systems inFuel Stations

Status of Codes and Standards Status of Codes and Standards for Hydrogen-fueled Vehiclesfor Hydrogen-fueled Vehicles

SAE J2578700bar & liq

ISO 17268

ISO 15916 &

23273-1&2

ISO 23273-3

ISO 13894 LH storage 15869 CGH storage

Corresponding ISO Standards

Corresponding ISO Standards

No activity

In progress

Published

Strengths of a Global Forum Strengths of a Global Forum of Technical Experts for of Technical Experts for

Development of Efficient Standards Development of Efficient Standards

• Expertise -- participation by developers of the technology (who know it best & are accountable for performance)

• Focus on Customer Satisfaction -- public confidence in performance & safety

• Focus on flexibility for continual innovation & minimum cost

Critical Elements of Efficient Standards?Critical Elements of Efficient Standards?

Public safety

Commercial feasibility

Two Types of Safety StandardsTwo Types of Safety Standards

• Performance Standards

• Prescriptive Standards

• New technologies can qualify without change in standards -- allows rapid use of new technologies

• Applied to mass production – mobile products

• Applied to individual or low volume builds

cars

fueling stations

• Performance & safety are verified by (destructive) testing under extremes of real-world conditions

• Performance & Safety are predicted based on history (established materials & constructions)

• Applied to interfaces between applications

Two Types of Safety StandardsTwo Types of Safety Standards

• Performance Standard

• Prescriptive Standard

• Fuel is not leaked after vehicle crashes• sealings, materials & construction• of fuel system are not specified

• Fueling nozzle diameter & sealing are specified

Examples

What do we want from Codes & Standards?What do we want from Codes & Standards?

Public safety

Commercial feasibility

-- to be ready in the 2010 – 2015 timeframe-- to be ready in the 2010 – 2015 timeframe

Commercial feasibility

• Infrastructure compatibility

• International consistency

• Rapid intro of technology

What do we want from Codes & Standards?What do we want from Codes & Standards?

-- to be ready in the 2010 – 2015 timeframe-- to be ready in the 2010 – 2015 timeframe

Commercial feasibility -- rapid introduction of new technology

• Performance standards allow use of new technologies (materials, constructions, designs) without rewriting early standards

• New technologies required to demonstrate safe performance

Risk: premature & prescriptive standards slow advancesSolution: performance standards

What do we want from Codes & Standards?What do we want from Codes & Standards?

-- to be ready in the 2010 – 2015 timeframe-- to be ready in the 2010 – 2015 timeframe

Example: Compressed Hydrogen StorageExample: Compressed Hydrogen Storage

A key challenge for fuel cell vehicles is the development of more efficient and

lower cost hydrogen storage

A key challenge for fuel cell vehicles is the development of more efficient and

lower cost hydrogen storage

• Commercialization will be delayed for years if insertion of new storage technologies into vehicles must wait for revision of Standards and regulations

Therefore, commercial feasibility requires rapid implementation of new storage technologiesTherefore, commercial feasibility requires rapid implementation of new storage technologies

• Therefore, it is critically important that storage standards are performance-based so new technologies can qualify rapidly for use in vehicles

Environmental exposure

Parking Fueling

Cumulative extremes of lifetime stresses (full function and no leakage)

Service-terminating stress

Bonfire

Localizedfire

Impact /Penetration

Framework for Comprehensive Framework for Comprehensive Performance-based Safety Requirements for Performance-based Safety Requirements for

Onboard Hydrogen StorageOnboard Hydrogen Storage

(managed release)

• temperature• cuts & abrasions• chemicals

• static pressure• temperature

• full-fill pressure cycles• rapid drive defueling

Storage Standard Currently Under DevelopmentStorage Standard Currently Under Development

Requires demonstration of safe performance under cumulative extremes of potential use

• regardless of materials used• regardless of method of construction• explicit linkage to extremes of potential use & exposure

Significant change from type of storage standard used for CNG vehicles to move to performance basis

Commercial feasibility

• Infrastructure compatibility

• International consistency

• Rapid intro of technology Performance standards for safe function

What do we want from Codes & Standards?What do we want from Codes & Standards?

-- to be ready in the 2010 – 2015 timeframe-- to be ready in the 2010 – 2015 timeframe

United Nations Global Technical RegulationsUnited Nations Global Technical Regulations for Fuel Cell Vehiclesfor Fuel Cell Vehicles

1. Time to be commercial -- meeting separate requirements per country dilutes effort

2. Cost -- economy of scale

Globally consistent regulations are critically important

• Cost is a challenge for fuel cell vehicles• Low volume vehicles face added costs• Volumes can be raised by deployment across globe• This requires regional and global harmonizationof standards

China is a Participant In the Global China is a Participant In the Global Harmonization of Fuel Cell Vehicle StandardsHarmonization of Fuel Cell Vehicle Standards

• China is a signature party to the 1998 Agreement under the UN ECE, which establishes the framework for UN Global Technical Regulations

• Development of regulations for fuel cell vehicles as Global Technical Regulations is the pathway to globally harmonized regulations

• SAE International and ISO are open to participation by experts from China

• Participants in the UN GTR process can assist by:• working for standards based on performance• resisting pressures to individually establish premature

(prescriptive) requirements

Christine Sloane