U.S. CHINA MARITIME TRADE FLOWS · 2020. 7. 14. · The Seattle Customs Port District, including the ports of Seattle and Tacoma, is in a similar position with China now making up

1

U.S. – CHINA MARITIME TRADE FLOWS

THROUGH PACIFIC PORTS

AND

THE PASO DEL NORTE HINTERLAND CORRIDORS

JUNE 2018

2

EAST ASIAN-NORTH AMERICAN MARITIME

3

AND HINTERLAND TRADE ROUTES

4

Table of Contents I. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 5

II. Los Angeles Customs Port District................................................................................................... 7

A. Port Cargo Profile .................................................................................................................................................. 11

B. China Exports to and Imports from the Los Angeles Port District by Vessel ............................................ 13

C. Imports from and Exports to Eastern Asia by Water through the Los Angeles Customs Port District

connected to El Paso and New Mexico by Rail ................................................................................................ 14

D. Imports from and Exports to Eastern Asia by Water through the Los Angeles Customs Port District

connected to El Paso and New Mexico by Truck ............................................................................................ 16

III. San Francisco Customs Port District ............................................................................................. 18


B. China Exports to and Imports from San Francisco Port District by Vessel ................................................ 22

C. Imports and Exports from Eastern Asia by Water through the San Francisco Customs Ports District


D. Imports and Exports from Eastern Asia by Water through the San Francisco Customs Ports District


IV. San Diego Customs Port District ................................................................................................... 27


B. China Exports to and Imports from San Diego Port District by Vessel ...................................................... 31

C. Imports and Exports from Eastern Asia by Water through the San Diego Customs Ports District


D. Imports and Exports from Eastern Asia by Water through the San Diego Customs Ports District


V. Seattle Customs Port District .......................................................................................................... 36


B. China Exports to and Imports from Seattle Port District by Vessel ............................................................. 42

C. Imports and Exports from Eastern Asia by Water through the Seattle Customs Port District connected

to El Paso and New Mexico by Rail .................................................................................................................... 43

D. Imports and Exports from Eastern Asia by Water through the Seattle Customs Port District connected

El Paso and New Mexico by Truck ..................................................................................................................... 45

VI. Houston - Galveston Customs Port District .................................................................................. 47


B. China Exports to and Imports from the Houston - Galveston Port District by Vessel ............................ 51

C. Imports and Exports from Eastern Asia by Water through the Houston – Galveston Customs Port

District connected to El Paso and New Mexico by Rail .................................................................................. 52

D. Imports and Exports from Eastern Asia by Water through the Houston – Galveston Customs Port

District connected to El Paso and New Mexico by Truck .............................................................................. 54

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I. Introduction In recent years, maritime trade between the United States and China has grown significantly. Pacific

coast ports, as the primary gateways for this trade, are handling greater volumes of trade with China

more than ever and their overall trade with China now constitutes a large percentage of their total

trade activity. For example, trade with China now accounts for almost 50% of total trade for the Los

Angeles Customs Port District, which includes the Port of Los Angeles and the Port of Long Beach.

The Seattle Customs Port District, including the ports of Seattle and Tacoma, is in a similar position

with China now making up 40% of its overall trade.

Principal U.S. Ports Trade with China and the World, 2017 (Million USD)

Note: Trade refers to total value of exports and imports. Source: U.S. Census Bureau. At the same time, these exports and imports that flow into and out of these Pacific ports pass through inland, hinterland trade routes, creating valuable supply chains throughout numerous communities in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, and North America in general. Consequently, these ports function as critical maritime-terrestrial interfaces that connect industrial and market activity deep within these countries to China and its hinterland industrial corridors. Geographic conditions, though, exercise a determinative role in the nature and structure of these hinterland supply chains. The landscape of the United States and North America offers relatively few options for the efficient east-west transcontinental shipment of goods across the Rocky Mountains. Two of the most efficient hinterland trade routes extend from the Los Angeles Customs Port District, eastward through El Paso, Texas, and to the northeast through Albuquerque, New Mexico, to Gulf, Midwest, and Atlantic markets. Moreover, along both of these two routes, El Paso and Albuquerque occupy a midway point between two major maritime market regions, namely, the Gulf and the Midwest, that few other hinterland trade routes in the world can offer. In order to better understand the potential and value that the hinterland trade routes passing through El Paso and Albuquerque can contribute to the commodity flows arising from US-China trade, and therefore to these Pacific ports, the present report provides a comparative and historical view of the nature of these trade flows within the port and hinterland rail and truck networks. The report describes the Pacific ports, their facilities, the historical growth of imports from and exports to China by commodity, and provides a detailed analysis of these same commodity flows across the hinterland rail and highway networks that connect these ports to El Paso and Albuquerque. Such an analysis strives to facilitate and foster improved linkages and mutual benefit, not only between Pacific ports and hinterland industrial activities in North America, but to the overall US-China trade relationship as well.

Customs Port District China World Percentage of Total

Los Angeles $190,648.2 $397,664.7 47.9%

Seattle $33,161.9 $82,830.3 40.0%

San Francisco $17,328.0 $69,316.0 25.0%

Houston - Galveston $16,314.3 $177,209.0 9.2%

San Diego $28.6 $7,060.9 0.4%

Total $257,481.0 $734,081.9 35.1%

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This report analyzes historical trends in import and export activity through major Pacific Customs Port Districts (i.e., Los Angeles, Seattle, San Francisco, San Diego, as well as the Gulf Port of Houston-Galveston) and the subsequent commodity flows by rail and interstate through the critical hinterland corridors passing through El Paso, Texas, and Albuquerque, New Mexico. The key findings of this report are the following: U.S.-China Trade through Customs Port Districts

The Customs Port Districts analyzed in this report—Los Angeles, Seattle, San Francisco, San Diego, and Houston-Galveston—handled approximately $734 billion in overall trade with the world in 2017. China accounted for 35.1% of this trade with $257 billion.

In 2017, Los Angeles Customs Port District traded a total of $190 billion with China. This figure comprised the largest share of total trade activity with China compared to the other ports’ total trade with China, at 47.9%.

While the leading traded commodities by vessel across all these customs port districts with the world were “Motor Cars and Vehicles for Transporting Persons” and “Crude Oil from Petroleum and Bitumionous Minerals,” the leading import and export commodities with China through these ports were “Automatic Data Process Machines,” “Video Monitors and Projectors,” “Toys,” and “Furniture.”

U.S.-East Asian Commodity Flows by Rail

The value of commodity exports to and imports from Eastern Asia through the port districts that are then connected to El Paso and Albuquerque by rail are much smaller than the value of shipments by truck to these cities.

The top imported commodities from Eastern Asia by rail through these customs port districts that are then connected to the El Paso and Albuquerque hinterland trade corridors are “Electronics” and “Plastics/Rubber” (through the Los Angeles and Houston – Galveston Customs Port Districts), “Fertilizers” (through the San Francisco Customs Port District), and “Base Metals” (through the Los Angeles Customs Port District). The top exported commodities by rail are “Waste/Scrap” (through the Los Angeles Customs Port District), and “Fertilizers” (through the San Francisco Customs Port District).

China uses the logistical infrastructure in the U.S. (both rail and interstate) to enrich its supply chains for manufacturing in North America. An example of this use is by exporting goods such as “Electronics” to the United States through the Los Angeles Customs Port District to its manufacturing operations in Ciudad Juárez through El Paso.

U.S.-East Asian Commodity Flows by Interstate Highway

The goods that are exported through these ports coming from New Mexico and El Paso involve mainly raw materials, such as “Animal Feed,” “Other Foodstuffs,” and “Machinery.”

The top commodity imported from Eastern Asia through the major ports in California headed to New Mexico and El Paso by truck is “Electronics.”

A large portion of the imports from Eastern Asia are “Electronics” through the major ports in California. These “Electronics” arrive in El Paso where they are exported to the manufacturing base in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. The processed goods are then imported through El Paso and shipped often as finished goods to distribution centers across the country.

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II. Los Angeles Customs Port District

The Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach are the two principal maritime ports in the Los Angeles Customs Port District, and both ports are located in Los Angeles County, on the San Pedro Bay, twenty miles south of downtown Los Angeles. The Port of Los Angeles possesses 7,500 acres, with 43 miles of waterfront. The Port of Long Beach possesses 3,200 acres, with 31 miles of waterfront. Both ports have a variety of cargo terminals, including automobile, break-bulk, container, dry and liquid bulk, and warehouse facilities. The Port of Los Angeles is an independent, self-supporting department of the City of Los Angeles. The Board of Harbor Commissioners oversees the management and operation of the Port of Los Angeles. Harbor Commissioners are appointed by the Mayor of Los Angeles and confirmed by the Los Angeles City Council and serve five-year terms. The Executive Director of the Harbor Commission administers all policies developed by the Comission’s Board and provides leadership regarding the daily operation of the port. The Port of Long Beach is a public agency managed and operated by the City of Long Beach Harbor Department. The port is governed by the Long Beach Board of Harbor Commissioners, whose five members oversee the management and operation of the port, are appointed by the Mayor of Long Beach and confirmed by the Long Beach City Council and serve six year terms. The Board of Harbor Commissioners is responsible for setting policy for the port and managing the Harbor Department.

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Terminal Facilities:

The Port of Los Angeles complex includes over 15 cargo terminals, such as seven active public container terminals, three public break-bulk terminals, a roll-on/roll-off terminal, a scrap metal terminal, a dry bulk terminal, and seven liquid bulk terminals. According to the Port of Los Angeles, the break bulk and container terminals listed below are the principal terminals in the complex [See map above].

Principal Break Bulk Terminals:

1. Pasha Stevedoring and Terminals 2. Pasha Stevedoring and Terminals

Principal Container Terminals:

3. West Bain Container Terminal (China Shipping) 4. West Basin Container Terminal (Yang Ming) 5. TraPac, Inc. 6. Yusen Terminals, LLC. 7. Everport Terminal Services 8. Eagle Marine Services, Ltd. 9. APM Terminals Pacifc, Ltd.

The Port of Long Beach complex includes over 20 cargo terminals that handles all cargo types including containerized, break-bulk, dry bulk, liquid bulk, and roll-on/roll-off. The principal terminals are listed below [See map above].

Principal Break Bulk Terminals:

1. National Gypsum Co. 2. Cemex USA, G-P Gypsum 3. Koch Carbon Inc., Mitsubishi Cement, Mortons Salt, Chemoil Marine Terminal,

Cooper/T. Smith Stevedoring, SSA/Crecent, and POLB Standby Berth 4. International Transportation Service, Metro Ports 5. Vopak Terminal 6. Total Terminals International, SA Recycling LLC, Tesoro Fremont Forest, and

Weyerhauser Co.


7. SSA Terminals 8. SSA Terminals 9. LB Container Terminal (LBCT) 10. International Transportation Service (ITS) 11. Pacific Container Terminal (PCT) 12. Total Terminals International (TTI), SA Recycling LLC, Tesoro Fremont Forest, and

Weyerhaeuser Company

9

Freight Rail and Interstate Highway Access:

The Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach contain two principal intermodal facilities, such as the Southern California International Gateway (SCIG), and the Intermodal Container Transfer Facility (ICTF) [See map above].

Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach Intermodal Facilities:

A. Intermodal Container Transfer Facility (ICTF) B. Southern California International Gateway (SCIG)

The Alameda Corridor, a 20 mile freight expressway, also connects the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach to the transcontinental rail yard in downtown Los Angeles.

Major State and Interstate Highway System Access: I-5, I-10, I-15, US 101, SR 47, SR 60, SR 57, SR 91, and SR 138.

Major Trading Partners and Distances to Paso del Norte Hinterland Corridors:

China, Hong Kong, Japan, and South Korea.

Distance to Asian Ports: 5,700 – 6,500 nautical miles.

Distance to El Paso, Texas: 815 miles.

Distance to Albuquerque, New Mexico: 805 miles.

10

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2003 2008 2013 2017

Exports Imports

Los Angeles Customs Port District (All Ports):Maritime Vessel Exports and Imports with China (Percentage of Total Trade)

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

$50

$150

$250

$350

$450

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Global Exports and Imports Exports and Imports with China


Los Angeles Customs Port District (All Ports):Maritime Vessel Exports and Imports (Billion USD)

11

A. Port Cargo Profile

1200

1600

2000

2400

Port of Los Angeles Vessel Calls

Total Containers Tankers

General Cargo Bulk Roll-On/Roll-Off

0

100

200

300

400

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Source: The U.S. Maritime Administration.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Port of Long Beach Vessel Calls

Total Containers Tankers

Bulk Roll-On/Roll-Off General Cargo

Gas (LPG/LNG)


12

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Port of Los Angeles Cargo Breakdown (Million Metric Tons)

General Cargo Liquid Bulk Dry Bulk

Source: Port of Los Angeles.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Port of Long Beach Cargo Breakdown (Million Metric Tons)

General Cargo Liquid Bulk Dry Bulk

Source: Port of Long Beach.

13

B. China Exports to and Imports from the Los Angeles Port District by Vessel

$0.0

$0.5

$1.0

$1.5

$2.0

$2.5

$3.0

$3.5

$4.0

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Motor Cars and Vehicles for Transporting Persons (8703)Cotton, not Carded or Combed (5201)Motor Cars and Vehicles for Transporting Persons (8703)Waste and Scrap of Paper or Paperboard (4707)Parts and Access for Motor Vehicles (8708)


Los Angeles Port District: Leading Export Commodities to the World and China (Billion USD)

Note: Commodity descriptions and codes in parenthesis follow the Harmonized Commodity Description System.

To World

To China

$0

$2

$4

$6

$8

$10

$12

$14

$16

$18

$20

$22

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Motor Cars and Vehicles for Transporting Persons (8703)Automatic Data Process Machines (8471)Video Monitors and Projectors (8528)Toys (9503)Furniture (9403)


Los Angeles Port District: Leading Import Commodities from the World and China (Billion USD)


From World

From China

14

C. Imports from and Exports to Eastern Asia by Water through the Los Angeles Customs Port

District connected to El Paso and New Mexico by Rail

$0

$1

$2

$3

$4

$5

$6

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Total Electronics Plastics/Rubber Machinery

Source: Freight Analysis Framework.

Note: Eastern Asia includes China (Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan) Mongolia, North Korea, and South Korea.

Leading Rail Import Commodities from Eastern Asia to El Paso (Million USD)

$1.0

$1.2

$1.4

$1.6

$1.8

$2.0

$2.2

$2.4

$2.6

$2.8

$3.0

$3.2

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Waste/ Scrap



Leading Rail Export Commodities from El Paso to Eastern Asia (Million USD)

15

Leading Rail Export Commodities from New Mexico to Eastern Asia (Million USD) Data not available

$0.0

$0.4

$0.8

$1.2

$1.6

$2.0

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Total Base Metals Paper Articles Waste/Scrap


Note: Eastern Asia includes China, Hong Kong, Japan, Macao, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan.

Leading Rail Import Commodities from Eastern Asia to New Mexico (Million USD)

16

D. Imports from and Exports to Eastern Asia by Water through the Los Angeles Customs Port

District connected to El Paso and New Mexico by Truck

$0

$500

$1,000

$1,500

$2,000

$2,500

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Total Electronics Machinery Plastics/Rubber



Leading Truck Import Commodities from Eastern Asia to El Paso (Million USD)

$0

$30

$60

$90

$120

$150

$180

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Total Animal Feed Electronics Other Agricultural Products



Leading Truck Export Commodities from El Paso to Eastern Asia (Million USD)

17

$0

$3

$6

$9

$12

$15

$18

$21

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Total Electronics Machinery Textiles/Leather



Leading Truck Import Commodities from Eastern Asia to New Mexico (Million USD)

$0

$30

$60

$90

$120

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Total Other Foodstuffs Basic Chemicals Chemical Products



Leading Truck Export Commodities from New Mexico to Eastern Asia (Million USD)

18

III. San Francisco Customs Port District

The Port of Oakland is the major maritime port in the San Francisco Customs Port District. The port is located in Alameda County, Northern California, on the eastern shore of the San Francisco Bay. The Port of Oakland possesses 900 acres, with 19 miles of waterfront and is equipped to handle a variety of cargo terminals, such as containers, bulk, break-bulk, and roll-on/roll-off. The Port of Oakland is an independent department of the City of Oakland, and is governed by a seven member Board of Port Commissioners, nominated by the Mayor of the City of Oakland and appointed by the City Council for four-year terms, with no term limits.

19


The Port of Oakland has a variety of cargo terminals, such as container, bulk, break-bulk, and roll-on/roll-off. The principal terminals in this port handle container cargo, such as the TraPac Terminal, Oakland International Container Terminal (OICT), the Ben E. Nutter Terminal, and the Matson Terminal.


1. Trapac Terminal 2. Matson Terminal 3. Oakland International Container Terminal (OICT) 4. Ben E. Nutter Terminal 5. Charles P. Howard Terminal


The Port of Oakland contains three principal intermodal facilities, such as the Union Pacific (UP) and Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF), which provide double stack intermodal container service for maritime cargo eastward over the Donner Route into and beyond Nevada.

Port of Oakland Intermodal Facilities:

A. Union Pacific and BNSF Intermodal Rail Facilities B. Seaport Logistic Complex and Outer Harbor Intermodal Terminal (OHIT) C. BSNF Oakland International Gateway

Major State and Interstate Highway System Access: I-80, I-580,I-238, I-980, and I-880. Major Trading Partners and Distances to the Paso del Norte Hinterland Corridors:

China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.


Distance to El Paso, Texas: 1,200 miles.

Distance to Albuquerque, New Mexico: 1,075 miles.

20

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2003 2008 2013 2017

Exports Imports

San Francisco Customs Port District (All Ports):Maritime Vessel Exports and Imports with China (Percentage of Total Trade)


$0

$10

$20

$30

$40

$50

$60

$70

$80

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017



San Francisco Customs Port District (All Ports):Maritime Vessel Exports and Imports (Billion USD)

21


0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

San Francisco Bay Area Ports Vessel Calls

Total Containers Bulk

Tankers Roll-On/Roll-Off General Cargo

Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration.

Note: The Port of Oakland is a container port and reports trade volume in Twenty-foot Equivalent Units (TEUs).

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Port of Oakland Containerized Cargo (Million TEUs)

Source: Port of Oakland.

Note: The Port of Oakland is a container port and reports trade volume in Twenty-foot Equivalent Units (TEUs).

22

B. China Exports to and Imports from San Francisco Port District by Vessel

$0.5

$2.0

$3.5

$5.0

Nuts, Fresh or Dried (0802)Waste and Scrap of Paper or Paperboard (4707)Motor Cars and Vehicles for Transporting Persons (8703)Mach/apps for Manufactoring of Semiconductor Boules (8486)Photo Film in Rolls Sensitized, Unexposed (3702)


San Francisco Port District: Leading Export Commodities to the World and China (Billion USD)

To World

To China

$0.0

$0.5

$1.0

$1.5

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


$0.0

$0.4

$0.8

$1.2

$1.6

$2.0

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Crude Oil from Petroleum and Bituminous Minerals (2709)Automatic Data Process Machines (8471)Parts for other Office Machines (8473)Furniture (9403)Electric Apparatus for Line Telephony (8517)

San Francisco Port District: Leading Import Commodities from the World and China (Billion USD)


$2.0

$4.0

$6.0

$8.0

$10.0

$12.0

$14.0


From World

From China

23

C. Imports and Exports from Eastern Asia by Water through the San Francisco Customs Ports

District connected to El Paso and New Mexico by Rail

Leading Rail Import Commodities from Eastern Asia to El Paso (Million USD) Data not available

Leading Rail Export Commodities from El Paso to Eastern Asia (Million USD) Data not available

24

Leading Rail Import Commodities from Eastern Asia to New Mexico (Million USD) Data not available

$0.0

$0.2

$0.4

$0.6

$0.8

$1.0

$1.2

$1.4

$1.6

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Total Fertilizers Alcoholic Beverages Plastics/Rubber



Leading Rail Export Commodities from New Mexico to Eastern Asia (Million USD)

25

D. Imports and Exports from Eastern Asia by Water through the San Francisco Customs Ports

District connected to El Paso and New Mexico by Truck

$0

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Total Electronics Motorized Vehicles Plastics/Rubber



Leading Truck Import Commodities from Eastern Asia to El Paso (Thousand USD)

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

$600

$700

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Total Other Foodstuffs Electronics



Leading Truck Export Commodities from El Paso to Eastern Asia (Thousand USD)

26

$2

$3

$4

$5

$6

$7

$8

$9

$10

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Printed Products



Leading Truck Import Commodities from Eastern Asia to New Mexico (Thousand USD)

$0

$1

$2

$3

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Other Foodstuffs



Leading Truck Export Commodities from New Mexico to Eastern Asia (Million USD)

27

IV. San Diego Customs Port District

The Port of San Diego is the major maritime port in the San Diego Customs Port District, located in San Diego County, California, approximately 96 miles southeast of Los Angeles and ten miles north of the international border with Mexico. The Port of San Diego possesses almost 220 acres of maritime facilities, with 34 miles of waterfront, and has two principal cargo terminals. The Port of San Diego is governed by a seven member Board of Port Commissioners appointed by the City Councils of the five member cities of the port: Chula Vista, Coronado, Imperial Beach, National City, and San Diego. Each city appoints one member except San Diego, which appoints three members for a period of four years.

28


The Port of San Diego includes two principal cargo terminals. The Tenth Avenue Marine Terminal is a multi-purpose eight berth facility that handles refrigerated commodities, fertilizer, cement, break-bulk commodities, and forest products. The National City Marine Terminal processes vehicle cargo [See map above].


1. 10th Avenue Marine Terminal 2. National City Marine Terminal


Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) provides primarily automobile rail service north and south along the coast, interfacing in Los Angeles with the Transcontinental Route, a Primary California freight corridor heading eastward.

Port of San Diego Intermodal Facilities:

A. Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) Vehicle Facility

Major Interstate and State Highway System Access: I-5 and I-8. Major Trading Partners and Distances to Paso del Norte Hinterland Corridors:

Japan, Germany, South Korea, and China.




29

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2003 2008 2013 2017

Exports Imports

San Diego Customs Port District (All Ports):Maritime Vessel Exports and Imports with China (Percenage of Total Trade)


$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017



San Diego Customs Port District (All Ports):Maritime Vessel Exports and Imports (Billion USD)

$4,000

$5,500

$7,000

$8,500

$10,000

30


Port of San Diego Cargo Breakdown (Million Metric Tons) Data not available

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Port of San Diego Vessel Calls

Total Roll-On/Roll-Off Containers

General Cargo Tankers Bulk


31

B. China Exports to and Imports from San Diego Port District by Vessel

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Nuclear Reactors, Boilers, and Machinery, and Parts (84)

Nuclear Reactors, Boilers, and Machinery, and Parts (84)

Electric Machinery, Sound Equipment, and Television Equipment (85)



San Diego Port District: Leading Export Commodities to the World and China (Million USD)

To World

To China

$3,500

$5,750

$8,000

Vehicles, Except Railway or Tramway, and Parts (87)

Articles of Iron or Steel (73)

Ships, Boats and Floating Structures (89)

Electric Machinery, Sound Equipment, Television Equipment, and Parts (85)

Nuclear Reactors, Boilers, Machinery, and Parts (84)



From World

From China

$0

$20

$40

$60

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

San Diego Port District: Leading Import Commodities from the World and China (Million USD)

32

C. Imports and Exports from Eastern Asia by Water through the San Diego Customs Ports District

connected to El Paso and New Mexico by Rail

$0

$1

$2

$3

$4

$5

$6

$7

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Total Precision Instruments Other Foodstuffs



Leading Rail Import Commodities from Eastern Asia to El Paso (Thousand USD)

$0

$10

$20

$30

$40

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Total Waste/Scrap Motor Vehicles



Leading Rail Export Commodities from El Paso to Eastern Asia (Thousand USD)

33

Leading Rail Import Commodities from Eastern Asia to New Mexico (Million USD) Data not available


34

D. Imports and Exports from Eastern Asia by Water through the San Diego Customs Ports District

connected to El Paso and New Mexico by Truck

Leading Truck Export Commodities from El Paso to Eastern Asia (Million USD) Data not available

$0.2

$0.4

$0.6

$0.8

$1.0

$1.2

$1.4

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Total Electronics




35

Leading Truck Import Commodities from Eastern Asia to New Mexico (Million USD) Data not available

Leading Truck Export Commodities from New Mexico to Eastern Asia (Million USD) Data not available

36

V. Seattle Customs Port District

37

The Ports of Seattle and Tacoma are the two major maritime ports in the Seattle-Tacoma Customs Port District. Together they maintain a marine cargo operating partnership known as the Northwest Seaport Alliance. The Northwest Seaport Alliance owns a total of 1,754 acres, including 993 acres in the Port of Tacoma and 760 acres in the Port of Seattle.

The Port of Seattle is located in King County, Washington, on Elliot Bay, south of downtown Seattle, and the Port of Tacoma is located in Pierce County, Washington, on Commencement Bay, east of downtown Tacoma. Both ports possesss a variety of cargo terminals, including break-bulk and container.

The Port of Seattle and the Port of Tacoma are both special–purpose municipal corporations of the State of Washington, and establish port policies by a five-member Commission elected by the respective voters of each county. Terminals Facilities:

The Port of Seattle includes nine terminals, of which only is a public break-bulk terminal, and seven container terminals [See map above].

Principal Break Bulk Terminal:

1. Terminal 10


2. Terminal 5 3. Terminal 18 4. Terminal 46 5. Terminal 30 6. Terminal 104 (Transload Facility) 7. Conglobal Terminal 8. Terminal 115

The Port of Tacoma also includes nine terminals, of which one is break bulk and seven are

container terminals.

Principal Break Bulk Terminal:

1. Husky Terminal 2. West Hylebos Log Facility


3. West Sitcum Terminal 4. East Sitcum Terminal 5. Husky Terminal 6. Tote Terminal 7. Washington United Terminal 8. Blair Terminal 9. Pierce County Terminal 10. Totem Ocean Trailer Express Terminal

38

Freight, Rail, and Interstate Highway Access:

The Ports of Seattle and Tacoma contain five principal intermodal facilities, such as the Union Pacific Intermodal Facility and the Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) Facility [See map above].

Port of Seattle Intermodal Facilities:

A. Union Pacific (ARGO) Intermodal Facility B. BNSF Seattle International Gateway (SIG) Intermodal Facility C. BNSF Tukwila Intermodal Facility

Port of Tacoma Intermodal Facilities

A. Port of Tacoma, Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) South Yard B. Port of Tacoma, Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) North Yard

Major Interstate and State Highway System Routes Access: Seattle: US I-5, I-90, SR-99, SR-519, and SR-99; Tacoma – US I-5, SR-167, and SR-509.


China, Canada, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Australia (Top 5).

Distance to Asian Ports: 5,000-5,800 nautical miles.

Distance to El Paso, Texas: 1,700 miles.

Distance to Albuquerque, New Mexico: 1,430 miles.

39

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2003 2008 2013 2017

Exports Imports

Seattle Customs Port District (All Ports):Maritime Vessel Exports and Imports with China (Percentage of Total Trade)


$10

$30

$50

$70

$90

$110

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017



Seattle Customs Port District (All Ports):Maritime Vessel Exports and Imports (Billion USD)

40


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Port of Seattle Vessel Calls

Total Containers Bulk General Cargo Tankers


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Port of Tacoma Vessel Calls

Total Containers Roll-On/Roll-Off

Bulk Tankers General Cargo

Gas (LPG/LNG)


41

0.2

0.4

0.5

0.7

0.8

1.0

1.1

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: Northwestern Seaport Alliance.

24.0

25.0

26.0

27.0

Northwestern Seaport Alliance Cargo Breakdown by Type (Million Metric Tons)

Container Cargo Breakbulk Liquid Bulk Autos

Note: The Northwestern Seaport Alliance includes the Ports of Seattle and Tacoma.

42

B. China Exports to and Imports from Seattle Port District by Vessel

$0.0

$0.5

$1.0

$1.5

$2.0

$2.5

$3.0

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Soybeans, whether or not broken (1201)Soybeans, whether or not broken (1201)Motor Cars and Vehicles for Transporting Persons (8703)Wood in the Rough, Stripped or not of Sapwood (4403)Fish, Frozen (no Fish Fillets or other Fish Meat) (0303)



To World

To China

$0

$1

$2

$3

$4

$5

$6

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Parts and Access for Motor Vehicles (8708)

Video Game Consoles, Arcade, and Parlor Games (9504)

Toys Nesoi; Scale Models; Puzzles (9503)

Electric Apparatus for Line Telephony (8517)

Furniture (9403)



Seattle Port District: Leading Import Commodities from the World and China (Million USD)

Seattle Port District: Leading Export Commodities to the World and China (Million USD)

From World

From China

43

C. Imports and Exports from Eastern Asia by Water through the Seattle Customs Port District

connected to El Paso and New Mexico by Rail

$0

$1

$2

$3

$4

$5

$6

$7

$8

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Total Nonmetallic Minerals Mixed Freight Newsprint/ Paper




$0

$5

$10

$15

$20

$25

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Total Nonmetallic Minerals Animal Feed




44

Leading Rail Import Commodities from Eastern Asia to New Mexico (Thousand USD) Data not available

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Total Other Foodstuffs Plastics/Rubber



Leading Rail Export Commodities from New Mexico to Eastern Asia (Thousand USD)

45

D. Imports and Exports from Eastern Asia by Water through the Seattle Customs Port District

connected El Paso and New Mexico by Truck

$0

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

$300

$350

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Total Motorized Vehicles Machinery Non metal Mineral Products



Leading Truck Import Commodities from Eastern Asia to El Paso (Thousand USD)

$0

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

$300

$350

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Total Machinery Other Foodstuffs Electronics



Leading Truck Export Commodities from El Paso to Eastern Asia (Thousand USD)

46

Leading Truck Export Commodities from New Mexico to Eastern Asia (Thousand USD)

Data not available

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$140

$160

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Total Plastics/ Rubber Furniture Miscellaneous Manufacturing Products



Leading Truck Import Commodities from Eastern Asia to New Mexico (Thousand USD)

47

VI. Houston - Galveston Customs Port District

The Port of Houston is the primary port in the Houston-Galveston Port District, located in Harris County, Texas, beginning five miles east of Houston and terminating fifty-two miles east, in the Gulf of Mexico. The port handles all types of cargo including containers, dry bulk, liquid bulk, break-bulk, roll-on/roll-off, and refrigerated and project cargo.

The Port of Houston is a cooperative entity consisting of both the governmental Port Authority, which operates the major public terminals along Houston Ship Channel, and the more than 150 privately owned companies. The Port Authority is governed by a seven member Commission. The City of Houston and Harris County jointly appoint the Chair of the Commission. The other six members are appointed by Harris County and the City of Pasadena. These members serve two year terms.

48


The Port of Houston is equipped to handle all types of cargo including containers, dry bulk, liquid bulk, break-bulk, roll-on/roll-off, and refrigerated and project cargos. The public Barbours Cut and Bayport container terminals comprise the majority of Gulf Coast container trade. The other public terminals handle bulk, break-bulk, project, and roll-on/roll-off cars.

Houston Port Break Bulk Terminals:

1. Southside Warves 2. Bulk Material Handling

Houston Port Container Terminals:

3. Barbours Cut Terminal 4. Bayport Terminal

Freight, Rail, and Interstate Highway Access:

The Port of Houston contains two principal intermodal facilities, such as the Union Pacific Settegast Yard and the Union Pacific and BNSF Intermodal Facilities. The Port of Houston terminals at Barbours Cut and Bayport represent the most modern intermodal facilities on the Gulf Coast [See map above].

Port of Houston Intermodal Facilities:

A. Union Pacific Settegast Yard B. Union Pacific and BNSF Intermodal Rail Facilities

The Port Terminal Railroad Association (PTRA) – provides access to the industries along the Houston Ship Channel for all railroads entering Houston. It is an Association of the Port of Houston Authority of Harris County, Houston Belt & Terminal Railway Co., and three Class I railroads: Union Pacific, BNSF Railway, and Kansas City Southern Railway.

Major State Highway System Routes: Houston – I-10, I-45, I-610, Beltway 8, Hwy 225, Hwy 146 Galveston – I-45, Hwy 3, and Hwy 146.


China, Mexico, Brazil, and Germany.

Distance to Asian Ports: 10,100 – 10,900 nautical miles (via Panama Canal).



49


0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2003 2008 2013 2017

Exports Imports

Houston-Galveston Customs Port District (All Ports):Maritime Vessel Exports and Imports with China (Percentage of Total Trade)


$0

$3

$7

$10

$14

$17

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017



Houston-Galveston Customs Port District (All Ports):Maritime Vessel Exports and Imports (Billion USD)

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

50

2

5

8

11

14

17

20

23

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Port of Houston Cargo Breakdown by Type (Million Metric Tons)

Containerized Break Bulk General Cargo

Source: Port of Houston.

51

B. China Exports to and Imports from the Houston - Galveston Port District by Vessel

$0.0

$0.1

$0.2

$0.3

$0.4

$0.5

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Crude Oil from Petroleum and Bituminous Minerals (2709)

Toys (9503)

Furniture (9403)

Seats (except Barber, Dental) (9401)

Houston-Galveston Port District: Leading Import Commodities from World and China (Billion USD)



From World

From China

$15.0

$40.0

$65.0

$90.0

$0.0

$0.4

$0.8

$1.2

$1.6

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Oil (not Crude) from Petroleum and Bituminous Minerals (2710)Crude Oil from Petroleum and Bituminous Minerals (2709)Petroleum Gases and other Gaseous Hydrocarbons (2711)Grain Sorghum (1007)

Houston-Galveston Port District: Leading Export Commodities to World and China (Billion USD)


To World

To China


$3.0

$23.0

$43.0

52

C. Imports and Exports from Eastern Asia by Water through the Houston – Galveston Customs

Port District connected to El Paso and New Mexico by Rail


Data not available

$3.0

$3.5

$4.0

$4.5

$5.0

$5.5

$6.0

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Plastics/Rubber




53


$0

$4

$8

$12

$16

$20

$24

$28

$32

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Total Electronics Plastics/Rubber Articles-Base Metal



Leading Rail Import Commodities from Eastern Asia to New Mexico (Million USD)

54

D. Imports and Exports from Eastern Asia by Water through the Houston – Galveston Customs

Port District connected to El Paso and New Mexico by Truck

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$140

$160

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Total Textiles/Leather Electronics Machinery




$0

$80

$160

$240

$320

$400

$480

$560

$640

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Total Electronics Machinery Chemical Products



Leading Truck Commodities from El Paso to Eastern Asia (Thousand USD)

55

$0

$2

$4

$6

$8

$10

$12

$14

$16

$18

$20

$22

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Total Electronics Machinery Textiles/Leather



Leading Truck Import Commodities from Eastern Asia to New Mexico (Million USD)

$0

$3

$6

$9

$12

2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025

Electronics



Leading Truck Export Commodities from New Mexico to Eastern Asia (Thousand USD)

Documents

U.S. CHINA MARITIME TRADE FLOWS · 2020. 7. 14. · The Seattle Customs Port District, including the ports of Seattle and Tacoma, is in a similar position with China now making up