U.S. CHEMICAL STOCKPILE

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation CA7

U.S. CHEMICAL STOCKPILE

U.S. CHEMICAL STOCKPILE


OBJECTIVES

• Describe types of chemical warfare agents stored in your vicinity

• Describe what nerve and blister agents are and what they look like


CHEMICAL STOCKPILE

• Comprised of chemicals designed and produced for the sole purpose of warfare

• Nerve agents and blister agents

Edgewood Chemical Activity, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation

Storage Facilities States with Storage Facilities Impacted States

CA10

CHEMICAL STOCKPILE LOCATIONS

Anniston Chemical Activity (ANCA)Anniston, AL

Blue Grass ChemicalActivity (BGCA)Richmond, KY

Deseret ChemicalDepot (DCD)Tooele, UT

Edgewood ChemicalActivity (ECA)Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD

Newport Chemical Depot (NECD)Newport, IN

Pine Bluff ChemicalActivity (PBCA)Pine Bluff, AR

Pueblo Chemical Depot (PUCD)Pueblo, CO

Umatilla Chemical Depot (UMCD)Hermiston, OR

WA

IL

CSEPP


Agent stored

Installation GA GB VXSulfur

mustard LewisiteAnniston X X XBlue Grass X X XEdgewood XDeseret X X X X XNewport XPine Bluff X X XPueblo XUmatilla X X X

U.S. STOCKPILE INVENTORY

CSEPP


Umatilla 13.9%Umatilla 13.9%

Deseret 39.4%Deseret 39.4%

Pueblo 9.8%Pueblo 9.8%

Pine Bluff 14.4%Pine Bluff 14.4%

Newport 4.8%Newport 4.8%

Blue Grass 2.0%Blue Grass 2.0%

Anniston 8.4%Anniston 8.4%

Edgewood 6.0%Edgewood 6.0%

Johnston Atoll 1.3%Johnston Atoll 1.3%

U.S. STOCKPILE INVENTORY

AS OF AUGUST 1999


US STOCKPILE INVENTORY

• Deseret Chemical Depot stockpile incineration began August 1996

• Approximately 22.7% of stockpile stored at Deseret successfully destroyed (as of August 1999)

CA13Deseret Chemical Depot, Tooele, UT


STORAGE CONTAINERS

Installation Rockets

CartridgesAnd

projectilesLandmines Bombs

One-toncontainers

Aerialspraytanks

Anniston X X X X

Blue Grass X X

Deseret X X X X X X

Edgewood X

Newport X

Pine Bluff X X X

Pueblo X

Umatilla X X X X X X


STORAGE FACILITIES

• Chemical agents are stored in– concrete igloos

– metal storage buildings

– outdoor storage yards

• In restricted access areas• Entire area surrounded

by security fences and equipped with appropriate security devices

Blue Grass Chemical Activity, Richmond, KY


• Chemical munitions containing explosives must be stored in concrete structures called “igloos”

• Igloos have 2 ft of earth covering all sides except a front wall of reinforced concrete

• Earth cover designed to reduce spread of fragments and fire in unlikely event of an accident within igloo

IGLOOS

Umatilla Chemical Depot, Hermiston, OR


• Deseret Chemical Depot stores aerial spray tanks in metal structures

• These spray tanks have small amounts of explosive devices stored in a container attached to outside of metal shipping and storage container

EXCEPTION OF EXPLOSIVE STORAGE


METAL STORAGE BUILDINGS

• Bulk containers of agent without explosives stored in metal storage buildings

• Bulk containers of VX stored in metal storage buildings at Newport Chemical Depot

• Bulk containers of HD stored in metal storage buildings

at Umatilla Chemical Depot

Newport Chemical Depot, Newport, IN


• Bulk containers of blister agents may be stored in outdoor storage yards surrounded by a security fence

• Bulk H and HD blister agent stored outside at:– Pine Bluff Chemical Depot

– Edgewood Chemical Activity

– Deseret Chemical Depot

• Deseret Chemical Depot also has Lewisite stored outside

OUTDOOR STORAGE YARDS

Edgewood Chemical Activity, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD


TYPES OF AGENTS


GAGA GBGB VXVX

NERVE AGENTS

HH HDHD HTHT LL

BLISTER AGENTS

CA21


• Attack body’s nervous system• Scientific classification: Organophosphate

– organophosphates also include agricultural insecticides malathion and parathion

CA22

NERVE AGENTS

GAGA GBGB VXVX


SPECIFIC NAMES

Symbol Common name Referred to as

VX VX VX

GB Sarin GB or G-agent

GA* Tabun GA or G-agent

*Small amount stored at Deseret Chemical Depot


• Usually liquid in normal state• Becomes volatile and generates vapors if heated• Potential for release if in vapor or aerosol form• All nerve agents currently in liquid form• Most distinguishable factors are physical consistency

and color

NERVE AGENTPHYSICAL

PROPERTIES


VVXX

• Oily liquid; resembles light weight oil• Usually a pale amber color (colorless in pure form)• Odorless• Tasteless• Persistent; designed to cling to whatever it splatters on

– persistence is weather-dependent


G-AGENTS

• GB is usually colorless, watery in pure form• GA may be pale to dark amber• GB has almost no odor• GB is tasteless• GB volatilizes at lower temperature than VX• GB evaporates more rapidly than VX but less than

water


HH HDHD HTHT LL

BLISTER AGENTS (VESICANTS)

• Poisons that destroy individual cells• Blisters most noticeable effect from exposure• Includes sulfur mustard and Lewisite


Symbol Common name Referred to as

H, HD, HT Sulfur mustard H, HD, HT

L* Lewisite Lewisite

*Small amount stored at Deseret Chemical Depot

CA28

SPECIFIC NAMES


• Mustard-garlic-like smell• Liquid or solid form in normal

state• Becomes volatile and generates

vapors if heated– burns well once ignited

• Pale amber brown color in liquid form

• Colorless gas when vaporized

SULFUR MUSTARDPHYSICAL

PROPERTIES

Laboratory bottle of sulfur mustard


LEWISITE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

• Amber to brown liquid– colorless when pure

• About 10 times more volatile than sulfur mustard• Irritating, fruity or geranium-like odor

– little odor when pure

• Persistent• More dangerous as liquid than as vapor

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U.S. CHEMICAL STOCKPILE