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17 September 2007
Presented by:
Dr. Suzy Young
Director
Advanced Science & Technology Directorate
Aviation and Missile Research, Development,
and Engineering Center
Presented to:
7th European Micro Air Vehicle
Conference and Flight
Competition
Toulouse, France
US Army Science &
Technology Challenges for
Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Approved for Public Release. Distribution is unlimited. Review
completed by the AMRDEC Public Affairs Office on 11 Sep 07. FN3288.
2 AMRDEC ASTD HDC Young_Panama_PublicRelease08-07.pptApproved for Public Release
S&T Chain of Command
Deputy Assistant Secretary
For Research & Technology /
Chief Scientist
Dr. Thomas Killion
DAS(R&T)
Ms. Mary Miller
Director Technology
The Honorable Claude M. Bolton, Jr.
ASA(ALT)
LTG N. Ross Thompson, III
Military Deputy ASA(ALT)
SES
SES
Dr. John Parmentola
Director Research &
Lab Mgt
6.2 – 6.3
6.1
AMCGEN Griffin
PEO AVMr. Bogosian
PEO M&SBG Dellarocco
RDECOMMG Robinson
AMRDECDr. McCorkle (SES)
CSAGEN Casey
SES
“the AAE”
S&T Funding
+
AMCOMMG Myles
DirectorAdvanced Science &
Technology DirectorateDr. Young
3 AMRDEC ASTD HDC Young_Panama_PublicRelease08-07.pptApproved for Public Release
PEO Aviation
Redstone TechnicalTest Center
Research, Development, and Engineering Command (RDECOM)
Department of the Army(DA)
Army Material Command(AMC)
Aviation and MissileRDEC (AMRDEC)
Aviation & Missile Life CycleManagement Command (AMCOM)
Redstone Arsenal
AMRDEC
Organizational Relationships
Missile Defense AgencyMarshall Space
Flight Center (NASA)
PEO Missiles & Space
53 Other Tenant Activities
Command
Matrix
Functional
Aviation & Missile
Research, Development
and Engineering Center
(AMRDEC)
4 AMRDEC ASTD HDC Young_Panama_PublicRelease08-07.pptApproved for Public Release
AMRDEC Mission
1) Manage and conduct research, exploratory and advanced development
2) Provide one-stop life cycle engineering and scientific support for aviation and missile weapon systems and UAS/UGV platforms
Huntsville, AL
Aviation Applied Technology
Directorate Ft. Eustis, VA
• Aviation Systems Eng and SOF Support
Joint Research Program OfficeNASA Langley
Hampton, VA
• Aviation R&D
Model and DGV System
in Tunnel
Raw DGV Data
Smoke Image
Rotor Tip Vortices
Model and DGV System
in Tunnel
Raw DGV Data
Smoke Image
Rotor Tip Vortices
Aeroflightdynamics DirectorateNASA Ames–Moffett Field, CA
• Aviation R&D
AMRDEC HQ
Redstone Arsenal
Huntsville, AL
• Missile R&D
• Aviation & Missile Systems Eng
• Aviation & Missile Sustainment Eng and Field Support
5 AMRDEC ASTD HDC Young_Panama_PublicRelease08-07.pptApproved for Public Release
S&T ProgramDevelopment
Future SystemsDevelopment
Fielded Systems Support
AMRDEC provides… Scientific & Engineering
Expertise and Support to PEO’s, PM’s, and Users
Across the Full System Lifecycle
Focus: Lifecycle Support
Production/Ops Support
System Development/Demonstration
Technology DevelopmentATO(D) ATD
Concept Refinement
6 AMRDEC ASTD HDC Young_Panama_PublicRelease08-07.pptApproved for Public Release
Accelerate the Shift From This…
Unmanned Systems:
Scope of Effort
Promotes Common Controls, Data-links, Payloads,
Architecture, Training, & Logistics…Cost Effective Solution
Integrated Approach to
Unmanned Systems
Research and Development
UAS & UGV Systems
Treated Separately in All
Life Cycle Phases
…To This…
7 AMRDEC ASTD HDC Young_Panama_PublicRelease08-07.pptApproved for Public Release
OSGCS – One System Ground Control Station
OSRVT – One System Remote Video Terminal
Raven
MAV
Shadow
Hunter
Warrior
Fire Scout
OSRVTOSGCS
3500 ft
The UAS Family of Systems
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)
Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV)
Small (Manpackable) UGV
Armed Robotic Vehicle – Assault (Light) (ARV-A (L))
MULE-C MULE-TMultifunction Utility/
Logistics and Equipment
Countermine and Transport
Interoperability
Approved for Public Release
Class III
Class IV
Class II Class I
8 AMRDEC ASTD HDC Young_Panama_PublicRelease08-07.pptApproved for Public Release
Area SecurityRoute Recon
Direct Attack/Targeting
IED Operations
Counter Drug
Forest Fire Support
Law Enforcement
Maritime Surveillance
Civil Support/
Weapons of Mass Destruction Teams
Port Surveillance
Nuclear Facility Security
CBRNE
Pipeline Surveillance
Communications Relay
Agro/Bio Terrorism
Border Patrol
Expanding Missions
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• Support OPTEMPO (10-12 times norm)
• Rapid Acquisition Fielding/Best Technology Forward
• Interoperability, commonality, and standardization
• Reduce accident rates by 50% each year
• Weaponization
• Counter UAS
• Flights in the NAS/Homeland Security Support
• Manned Unmanned (MUM) Teaming
Focus Areas in Support of the
Warfighter
10 AMRDEC ASTD HDC Young_Panama_PublicRelease08-07.pptApproved for Public Release
Warfighter Needs
Aviation Capability Gaps*
1. Operational availability / mission reliability / logistical support / parts
obsolescence
2. Aviation survivability against unpredictable and hard to detect threats
3. Communications (extended distances, jamming environment)
4. Aircraft flight performance (range / lift / endurance)
5. Safe operations in obscured conditions and complex terrain
6. RSTA operations (target identification / excessive reporting timelines)
7. A2C2 and air traffic service deployability, supportability, interoperability
8. Effective aviation operations in high task loaded environment (extended
mission durations, NBC, UAS control, etc)
9. Mounted vertical maneuver with FCS-sized loads
10. Aviation weapon system range, lethality, accuracy, flexibility
*Aviation gaps are operational in nature and
may not require significant S&T efforts.
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Aviation S&T
Enabling Capabilities
Priority Areas:
1. System reliability improvements, cost / footprint reductions
2. Improved detection / reaction time against threats
3. Lighter weight, more affordable Aircraft Survivability Equipment (ASE)
4. Sufficient bandwidth / capability / compatibility to meet communications requirements (includes data / imagery transmission and UAS control)
5. Highly efficient and more powerful engines
6. Improved powertrain, lift generation, and control systems
7. Enhanced pilotage and situational awareness
8. Target acquisition and identification at survivable standoff ranges
9. Manned and unmanned teaming enhancements / improved UAS autonomy
10. Real-time deconfliction of airspace
11. Range and mission duration consistent with future operations
12. Affordable, durable, repairable airframes (Next Generation Future Systems)
13. Flight controls and rotors capable of efficiently generating lift and providing optimized flight control and performance across the range of Army aviation aircraft and missions
12 AMRDEC ASTD HDC Young_Panama_PublicRelease08-07.pptApproved for Public Release
AMRDEC Technologies to Support
UAS
• Payloads
– Video / on-board processing / data compression
– Sensors
– Comms relay
– Detection and identification of enemy threats
– SAR / SIGINT / lower echelons
– Weaponization
• Propulsion / Drive Systems
– High reliability heavy fuel engine
– High reliability electric motors
• Condition Based Maintenance
– Health and usage monitoring of critical components
– Reduction of mishaps and supportability costs
• Counter UAS
• Manned and Unmanned teaming / autonomous collaborative operations
• Survivability
• Networking
• Flight in NAS
• Joint / Interagency / Multi-National (JIM)
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UAS Technology Development
What Are We Looking For?
• Small Heavy Fuel Engine (HFE)
• Improved sensors / acquisition / targeting
• Increased autonomous capabilities
• Smaller, lighter, cheaper components
• VTOL improvements (MAV)
• Ground Control Station improvements / human factors
• Datalink / Comms
• Reduce logistics footprint
• Maximize diagnostics / prognostics
• Networking / teaming
• GEO registration / location / TLE
• Training and CONOPS
• Lightweight munitions and launchers
• All weather capability
• ESAD for munitions
• Sense and avoid
• Modular designs
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Ground Rules
• Leverage activities / common goals
• Reduce duplications
• Cost avoidance
• Relevance to Army capability gaps / needs
• Dealing with flat line funding
• Blended unmanned capabilities
• Standardization
• Reliability
• Considers a systems approach
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In Current Operations
What is important?
• Information
• Response Time
• Improvements in situational awareness at the smallest unit level
• All weather, day/night
• Portable
• Low signature
Raven UAV
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• Real world scenarios are driving requirements of MAV development and
fielding
• Accomplish unique military missions, particularly the hover and stare
capability in restricted (e.g urban) environments to provide real-time combat
information
– “Perch and stare” (the ability to land and continue to collect data)
– Unlike unattended ground sensors, the MAV retains the ability to take-off
and fly to another location, or to follow something of interest that is
moving
• Employable in a variety of warfighting environments (for example: in complex
topologies such as mountainous terrain; urban areas; confined spaces; and
high concentrations of civilians)
• Unconventional operations
– Natural disaster observation
– Indoor and outdoor
– Border patrol
• Affordable back-packable systems suitable for
dismounted soldier, Marine, and Special Forces missions
How Does the Micro UAV Meet
Those Military Requirements?
FCS Class IDARPA (Honeywell)
Micro UAV
17 AMRDEC ASTD HDC Young_Panama_PublicRelease08-07.pptApproved for Public Release
Micro UAV Technical Challenges
• Need for lighter surveillance solutions
• Materials (wood, plastic, laminate, metal, etc)
• Payloads/Comms
• Simple avionics/flight control
• More intense integration
• Do more with less
• Position accuracy must be better
• Higher bandwidth required of navigation systems
• Unique flying techniques
• Endurance improvements
• All weather capabilities
• Power and propulsion
Effective integration into DoD operations is the ultimate goal
of these MAV/UAS developmental activities.
Micro-UAV Tested by
USMC and Navy
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Size Matters
Range / Loiter / Endurance
Lightweight / Efficient
High Density
Mission Capabilities / Complexity
Communication / Navigation
MEMS
Autonomous Requirements
Security
Portability
Aerodynamics / Control
Development / Manufacturing
Ruggedness / Reliability /
Durability
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Summary
• Aviation S&T
• A balanced focus that
– Emphasizes operations support & sustainment (cost reductions)
– Maintains focus on improved aircraft / aircrew survivability
– Delivers technologies for current fleet upgrades
– Develops & matures technologies to enable transformation to future fleet
– Advances future concepts
• AMRDEC UAS/MAV S&T
– Ensure AMRDEC efforts are supporting PM UAS/TCM needs
– Ensure S&T efforts satisfy operational gaps
– Ensure correct players are involved
– Avoid duplication of efforts / minimize redundancy / focus efforts
– Potential for new and innovative S&T ideas
Predator / Hellfire
Raven
ShadowMAV
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HSKT ACTD Overview
Concept
ISR supports search by MUM
team; provide strike ACFT C&C1
Brigade Combat Team
(BCT) Commander
option to attack with
organic fires or
Strike/CAS ACFT
3
Strike/CAS ACFT
downloads target
coordinates, releases
weapon
4
AH-64 detects, tracks &
locates target with UAS2
Link 16
Target
destroyed…
immediate BDA
to CDR
5
Legend
Link 16
TCDL
IDM
LINK-16
Hunter UAS:
Precision Target
Location
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FY07 Efforts
WARFIGHTER
IMPACT
• UAV Laser Designation /
Weaponization Follow –On
Effort (ERMP)
• Common Handheld Controller -Weaponized
• VSTUS III – Low-Cost
Stabilized Gimbal UAV
• PlaybookTM
Control of Multiple,
Weaponized UAVs
• Low Cost, Weaponized SUAS
• Multiple Unified Simulation
Environment (MUSE)
Weaponization
C4I
Digital
Payload
C2/Display
Sim
I/F
MUSE/AFSERS Console
Weapons
Launch
Emergency
Operations Center
SUAV Operator
Simulation
Environment
SUAV Ground
Station
911 Call Center
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Modular
Payload=
Multi-Mission
Capability
Multi-Mission Modularity Example
Quick-MEDS /
Quick-STRIKE Capability
PAYLOAD
Re-supply Mission: (Quick-MEDS) Real Time Delivery of Critical Items
Payload Configurations:
Class I: MREs, Water
Class II: Equipment, Tools
Class V: Ammo, Explosives
Class VIII: Medical
Class IX: Batteries
Class X(A): Aircraft Repair Parts
Strike Mission: (Quick-STRIKE) Engage Targets of Opportunity
Payload Configurations:
Shaped Charge/EFP Warhead Armor
Fragmentation Warhead Light Armor/Personnel
Penetration Warhead Buildings
Kinetic Energy (Rod) Warhead Low Collateral Damage
Special Effects Warhead Multiple Defeat Mechanisms
Non-Lethal Warhead Crowd Control