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US Army Corps of EngineersResilience as a component ofResilience - Integration – Sustainability - Knowledge
Boni Bigornia, PESouth Pacific Division
Levee Safety Program Manager
Engineering & Construction
9 September 2015
1. Plan, Design, and Build a Project… then Inspect and Perform Maintenance
2. We previously assumed 4 plan formulation criteria are met:
1. Effectiveness2. Efficiency3. Acceptability4. Completeness… Residual Risks?
Pre-Katrina Process
Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force
Hurricane Protection Decision Chronology
National Research Council
American Society of Civil Engineers
1 Systems-based approach2 Risk-based concepts 3 Reassess &
update process & Policy
6 Sustainability5 Adaptive Management
8 Organizational Behavior
11 Enhance Technical Expertise
12 Research
9 Effectively communicate risk7 Improve ICW Program (Levees)
10 Public Strategy Involvement
4 Dynamic Independent Review
Post-Katrina ‘Actions For Change’BehaviorProtocols/
Procedures
GuidanceTools PolicyPrograms
12 Research
9 Effectively Communicate Risk
6 Sustainability
(INTEGRATION)
(KNOWLEDGE)
(SUSTAINABILITY)(RESILIENCE)
Systems Risk ICW (Inspection of Completed Works) Program= New USACE
Levee Safety Program
Communication
Levee Screening Tool (LST)
1. Embankment seepage and piping2. Embankment stability3. Embankment erosion4. Closures5. Floodwall seepage and piping6. Floodwall stability
Contribution to Likelihood of Breach Prior to Overtopping
Performance Type PerformanceIndex
Life SafetyIndex
EconomicIndex
Embankment and Foundation Seepage and Piping
2.97% 3.49% 2.97%
Embankment Stability 0.87% 1.02% 0.87%
Embankment Erosion 6.15% 7.22% 6.15%
Closure Systems 27.68% 15.12% 27.68%
Floodwall Stability 60.48% 70.99% 60.48%
Floodwall Underseepage and Piping
1.84% 2.16% 1.84%
Screening-Level Depth Grid
Egress Route
Sand bag road closure @ RR underpass
Levee
Overtopping location
Recommendations•Non-federal Sponsor should develop and implement an Interim Risk Reduction Measures Plan (IRRMP) in order to analyze floodwall performance and prepare mitigation plans to reduce this risk. •Non-federal Sponsor should prepare an Emergency Action Plan (EAP) to include the following:1) Communication plans to inform the community of potential performance of I-wall.2) An operating plan to erect the sand bag closure and coordinate with Department of Transportation for road closure procedures. USACE should assist with locating the site of the closure structure.3) Evacuation routes•Non-Federal Sponsor should improve flood warning effectiveness by obtaining a reverse-911 notification system and/or establishing a flood-specific warning siren signal and performing regular tests of these systems. •Non-federal Sponsor should re-inspect culverts with appropriate video equipment and submit to USACE for review. Sponsor should replace or slip-line any culvert assessed as unacceptable.
Post-Super Storm Sandy
Risk Analyses… gets further refined with Resilience Analyses
Resilience depends on specific qualities not adequately quantified by risk analysis :
1. Ability to adapt2. System interconnectivity3. Management of Surprise
… so we can’t rely alone on risk analysis to inform us on resilience… more than just infrastructure… it is important to consider the non-engineered systems:
a. Economic – support $; creating, leveraging, and educating on agency programsb. Social – communication, understanding mediac. Cultural – lessons learned from flood fighting, acknowledging climate change
Adaptive Management recognizes that systems are complex
North Atlantic Coast Comprehensive Study(NACCS)
Concepts of Resilience
Prepare
Adapt
Absorb
Recover
Template –Emergency Action Plans
FPMS/PAS Studies
San Lorenzo Right Bank Levee (controlled flow – turf soil over grouted stone spillway)
High Performance Turf Reinforcement Mat (HPTRM)
PL 84-99 rehab considers environment & robustness
SWIFs, WC Deviations, Public-Private Partnerships
PL 84-99 eligibility = f( OM&I, EPP, communication, USACE activities)
Riverside Levees Rehab (stronger –than-original X-Section
South SF Bay -Resilient Levee Prism to allow for increased levee heights
New Protocol for Communication of Risk - LST recommendations
Resiliency ExamplesProgramsProjectsTools
Climate Preparedness & SLR Calculator
Corps Water Management System (CWMS)
Prepare
Absorb
Recover
Adapt