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US 2/US 81 SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY
EXISTING and FUTURE CONDITIONS
Grand Forks, NDFebruary 2019
AGENDA
• Study Goals• Steering Committee Issues and Concerns
• Existing Conditions• Future Conditions• Environmental Conditions• Alternatives Brainstorming
Known Issues and Conflicts;Intersection skew makes turning movements for trucks difficult. Mill spur railroad crossing creates traffic blockages and queueing issues. Opportunities for improved pedestrian, bicycle and transit conditions.
Study Area Pg. 1
What are the key issues andconcerns to
you?
Existing Conditions
Typical Sections Pg. 2
Right‐Of‐Way
US2/Gateway Drive : 70 feetUS 81/Washington Street : 20 feet on east side, 60 feet of west side
Pg. 3
Infrastructure
Pg. 4
Access M
anagem
ent
Pg. 5
Unsignalized drivewaysIncrease crash rate by 2%Reduces corridor travel speed by 0.25 MPH
Desired Access Spacing 660 feet8 access/mile
Existing Access Spacing33 accesses66 access/mile (8x Standard)
Safety12 crashes between 1975‐1994No crashes since 1994
Crossing Exposure90,600500,000 threshold for grade separation
Crash Prediction0.028 crashes per year (FRA)5th highest rate in City7th highest rate in County
Mill Spur Crossing
Train Activity
4 to 5 trains per dayConsistent Between City and FRA Data10 MPH average, 20 MPH maxNDSM to add unit trains
Rail Delay Estimates89 Hours/Day2,670 Hours/Month32,396 Hours/YearMeet FHWA Grade Separation Guidance
Pg. 6,7
44
54
6
4 4SU
NDAY
MONDAY
TUESD
AY
WEDNESD
AY
THURSD
AY
FRID
AY
SATURDAY
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
14.00%
16.00%
18.00%
20.00%
1AM
2AM
3AM
4AM
5AM
6AM
7AM
8AM
9AM
10AM
11AM
12AM
1PM
2PM
3PM
4PM
5PM
6PM
7PM
8PM
9PM
10PM
11PM
12PM
Vehicular Distribution (%) Train Distribution (%)
Average train blockage is 2:31Brain damage in four to six minutes when heart stopsAltru Hospital provides emergency service to East Grand Forks and surrounding area
Emergency Responders Pg. 8
Average train blockage is 2:31Fires can double every 60 secondsGoal to reach every address within four minutes
Emergency Responders Pg. 8
Pedestrian Amenities Pg. 9,10
Only controlled crossing at 3rdStreet underpassADA conflicts at crosswalks, utilities and drivewaysMinimal to no buffer
Connections3rd Street and Red River Greenway to the eastColumbia Road to the west
No traffic control to cross US 2/Washington StreetUnderpass at 3rd Street
Bicycle Amenities Pg. 10
CAT Route 2Hourly service
Stops5th Street/10th AveHugo’s on 20th StHome of Economy when scheduled in advance
Requires vehicular, pedestrian, and bicycle system efficiency
Transit Amenities Pg. 10
Traffic Volum
es
Pg. 12
Traffic Variation
Monthly Variation Yearly Variation
2013 2015 2018
AADT Trucks
Daily Volume Profile
Truck TrafficLevel One Freight System with international connectionsSkewed intersections1,200‐1,500 trucks per day
Trucks per day > 1,500 during sugar beet harvest seasonNDSM processes/ships 5M pounds of products daily
Pg. 11
Intersection Existing Traffic Control
Warrants Met (Hours Met/Required)
1A 1B 2 3 20th Street Signal 0/8 0/8 0/4 0/1 US 81/ Washington Street Signal 8/8 8/8 4/4 1/1 Mill Road/5th Street Signal 0/8 8/8 4/4 1/1 4th Street Thru/Stop 0/8 0/8 0/4 0/1 3rd Street/11th Ave Signal 0/8 1/8 1/4 0/1 Warrant 1a: Minimum Vehicular Volume Warrant 3: Peak Hour Vehicular Volume Warrant 1b: Interruption of Continuous Traffic Warrant 9: Intersection Near a Grade
Crossing Warrant 2: Four‐Hour Vehicular Volume
Existing Traffic Control AnalysisTraffic Control Warrants based on MUTCDRemoval of unwarranted signals reduces
All crashes by 24%Injury crashes by 54%Right angle crashes by 24%Rear end crashes by 29%
Pg. 13
Traffic Ope
ratio
ns
Existing Traffic Ope
ratio
ns
Pg. 15
Queueing Between Washington Street and N 5th Street/Mill Road
Existing Train Event O
peratio
ns
Pg. 16
0.00%2.00%4.00%6.00%8.00%
10.00%12.00%14.00%16.00%18.00%20.00%
1 AM
2 AM
3 AM
4 AM
5 AM
6 AM
7 AM
8 AM
9 AM
10 AM
11 AM
12 AM
1 PM
2 PM
3 PM
4 PM
5 PM
6 PM
7 PM
8 PM
9 PM
10 PM
11 PM
12 PM
Vehicular Distribution (%) Train Distribution (%)
One 2:31 train event causes 4 hours of delay under current traffic conditions
Travel Tim
e and Re
liability
Pg. 18
30
29
51
31
34
66
30
60
0 50 100 150
Morning Eastbound
Morning Westbound
Evening Eastbound
Evening Westbound
Train Event (10 Min) Eastbound
Train Event (10 Min)Westbound
Train Event (1 hour) Eastbound
Train Event (1 hour) Westbound
Travel Time (Seconds)
Free Flow
AdditionalTravel Time
0 0
122
9696102
92
108
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Eastbo
und With
Train
Westbou
ndWith
Train
Eastbo
und No
Train
Westbou
nd No
Train
Travel Tim
e (Secon
ds)
Evening Midday
Crash History
28 Crashes/Year78% Intersection Crashes
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Intersection Rear End AM or PM PeakHours
Following TooClosely
Injury Angle Failed To Yield Truck Left Turn Sideswipe Speed
52% Rear‐End Crashes38% Peak Hour Crashes
Pg. 20,19
20th Street Intersection
12 crashes in last five years33% rear end crashes on east approach25% westbound left‐turn crashes (Protected/Permitted)
Left Turn25%
Angle8%
Rear End50%
Sideswipe0%
Other17%
Left Turn Angle Rear End Sideswipe Other
Unwarranted signal control increasesAll crashes by 24%Injury crashes by 53%Right angle crashes by 24%Rear end crashes by 29%
20th Street to Washington Street
17 crashes in last five yearsAbove critical crash rate41% during AM/PM peak hoursLong queues and dense access spacingsQueues block sight lines
Left Turn23%
Angle18%
Rear End35%
Other24%
Left Turn Angle Rear End
Sideswipe Other
Pg. 21
US 81/Washington Street Intersection
45 crashes in last five years60% rear end crashes
30% during AM or PM peak hour30% between 11 AM to 1 PM
Angle18%
Rear End60%
Sideswipe18%
Other4%
Left Turn Angle Rear End Sideswipe Other
8 crashes involving trucks0 Crashes involving Pedestrians or BikesLong queues and dense access spacings30% rear end crashes during peak hours
Mill Road/5th Street Intersection
41 crashes in last five yearsAbove critical crash rate
50% rear end crashes65% During AM or PM peak hours52% occurred on east approach
Angle32%
Rear End56%
Other12%
Left Turn Angle Rear End Sideswipe Other
Future Conditions
Traffic Forecasts
MPO Travel Demand ModelNo train increases projected
2030 Traffic Forecasts Pg. 22
Traffic Forecasts
MPO Travel Demand ModelNo train increases projected
2045 Traffic Forecasts Pg. 23
Future Traffic Co
ntrol A
nalysis
Intersection Existing Traffic Control
Warrants Met (Hours Met/Required)
1A 1B 2 3 20th Street Signal 0/8 1/8 0/4 0/1 US 81/ Washington Street Signal 8/8 8/8 4/4 1/1 Mill Road/5th Street Signal 8/8 8/8 4/4 1/1 4th Street Thru/Stop 0/8 0/8 0/4 0/1 3rd Street/11th Ave Signal 0/8 1/8 1/4 1/1 Warrant 1a: Minimum Vehicular Volume Warrant 3: Peak Hour Vehicular Volume Warrant 1b: Interruption of Continuous Traffic Warrant 9: Intersection Near a Grade
Crossing Warrant 2: Four‐Hour Vehicular Volume
Intersection Existing Traffic Control
Warrants Met (Hours Met/Required)
1A 1B 2 3 20th Street Signal 0/8 6/8 0/4 0/1 US 81/ Washington Street Signal 8/8 8/8 4/4 1/1 Mill Road/5th Street Signal 8/8 8/8 4/4 1/1 4th Street Thru/Stop 0/8 0/8 0/4 0/1 3rd Street/11th Ave Signal 0/8 1/8 1/4 1/1 Warrant 1a: Minimum Vehicular Volume Warrant 3: Peak Hour Vehicular Volume Warrant 1b: Interruption of Continuous Traffic Warrant 9: Intersection Near a Grade
Crossing Warrant 2: Four‐Hour Vehicular Volume
YEAR 2030 YEAR 2045Pg. 24,25
2045
Traffic Ope
ratio
ns
Pg. 30
Heavy Queuing on Several Approaches
2030
and
2045 Train Events Ope
ratio
ns
Pg. 27
One 2:31 train event causes 7 hours of delay under current traffic conditions
2045
Travel Tim
e and Re
liability
Pg. 32
0 0
250
129129
178
126
151
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Eastbo
und
With
Train
Westbou
ndWith
Train
Eastbo
und No
Train
Westbou
nd No
Train
Travel Tim
e (Secon
ds)
Evening Midday
50
63
174
61
65
128
61
91
0 50 100 150 200 250
Morning Eastbound
Morning Westbound
Evening Eastbound
Evening Westbound
Train Event (10 Min) Eastbound
Train Event (10 Min) Westbound
Train Event (1 hour) Eastbound
Train Event (1 hour) Westbound
Free Flow
Additional Travel Time
2045
Train Event Ope
ratio
ns
One train event: 4 hours of vehicle delay today7 hours by 2045
Future unit trains
2045 Queuing Issues
PM Peak Train Event
Funding Availability
>$150,000,000 in Unfunded Grand Forks Projects42nd Street and DeMersAvenue (~$25‐30M)Gateway Drive/US 2 and Glasston (~$28M)
Environmental Conditions
CapacityCorridor travel timeIntersection delays and queueingTravel time reliability
Social Demands and Economic Development
NDSM unit trainsCritical truck movement
Roadway DeficienciesAt‐grade rail crossing8X recommended access spacings
Modal InterrelationshipsGaps in pedestrian and bicycle facilities
SafetyIntersection and link crash ratesEMS response timeRail crossing exposure
Purpose and Need Statement
Unlikely ImpactsFloodplainsSurface WaterSection 6F
Affected Environment
Land Use
Potential ImpactsHazardous Waste SitesSocial and Economic ImpactsNoise
Affected Environment
Pedestrians and BicyclistsEnvironmental JusticeHistoric and Archaeological Preservation
Section 4f
Potential Positive ImpactsSocial and Economic ImpactsPedestrians and BicyclistsEnvironmental Justice
Affected Environment
Alternative Brainstorming
At‐Grade Improvements
2010 Grand Forks Mill Spur Feasibility Study
Rerouting Skewed Movements
Grand Forks‐East Grand Forks Freight Rail Access Study
Reroute the Mill Spur
2010 Grand Forks Mill Spur Feasibility Study2016 Glasston Subdivision Railroad Crossings Mitigation Study
Grade Separated Crossing
Grand Forks‐East Grand Forks Freight Rail Access Study