US 1 – MR.LIPMAN

CHAPTER SEVENTHE AGE OF JACKSON & THE COMMON MAN

The “Corrupt Bargain” of 1824

• 3 main candidates in the election:– John Quincy Adams from Massachusetts– Henry Clay of Kentucky – Andrew Jackson of Tennessee All 4 campaigned as Republicans • The Federalist party was dead

No candidate gets majority of electoral college

• Adams elected by House thanks to Clay who is Speaker of House

• Clay then announced as secretary of state – Stepping stone to Presidency

• Jackson’s supporters charged Adams had bribed Clay with the office

• (the “corrupt bargain”)

• The campaign of 1828 – Democratic-Republicans

– Jackson presented as frontier man and commoner • In reality he was a rich planter with slaves

– Attacked Adams as corrupt rich man who had prevented the carrying out of people’s will in 1824 by his corrupt bargain.

• Results of the election of 1828

– South and West went heavily for Jackson

– Showed that new states in the west were becoming much more politically powerful

• Jackson introduced spoils system to reward his supporters but it brought problems:

–Men openly bought positions with campaign contributions

–People who couldn’t read or were just incompetent were given jobs

– Some crooks given jobs who stole money

• Higher tariffs pushed by Jackson supporters in 1828

– Called “Tariff of Abominations” by southerners

– South was most hurt by tariff • North experienced boom in manufacturing • West prospering from rising property values • Old South was hurting– Forced to buy manufactured goods in market

protected by tariffs

• Nullification– Led by vice president John C. Calhoun who will

become S.C. senator• Wrote “The South Carolina Exposition”

• Argued Tariff of 1828 was unconstitutional and thus states could nullify its impact

• openly called for southern states to nullify the tariff

Compromise reached

• Tariff of 1833 reduced rates to be charged

• Force Bill passed at same time – Authorized president to use army and navy to

collect federal tariff duties

– Passed to assert that federal government was supreme, even if South Carolina compromised

The Trail of Tears

• 1828 – Georgia legislature declared Cherokee council illegal – wants their lands

• Cherokees appealed to Supreme Court & win their case

– Jackson refused to recognize the decision • “John Marshall has made his decision; now

let him enforce it.” – Jackson

• Indian Removal Act passed (1830)

– Thousands of Indians would die on forced marches

– Sent to Oklahoma area, where they were to be “permanently” free from whites

– Actual “trail” will take place winter 1837-38 with Van Buren as President

The Removal of Native Americans, 1820-1843

• 2nd National Bank of US a big issue in 1832

– Private corp. & government owned 25%

– President Nicholas Biddle had huge power

– Clay and Webster work political “deal” in 1832 to re-new charter of Bank even though it doesn’t expire until 1836:• Want to force Jackson to take a stand on

bank politically

• Jackson vetoes the bank bill – Increased power of president• Says bank wanted to kill him but he will kill

it.

• Eastern elites agreed with Clay that Jackson was acting like a dictator

• Many commoners agreed with Jackson’s opinions on the bank

• Jackson kills the bank after winning re-election in 1832– Removed federal deposits from Bank of US • Bank slowly bled dry of money

• Biddle retaliates – calls in bank’s loans to cause a financial panicJackson retaliates:– “pet banks” receive federal gov’t money • Chosen because they supported Jackson

– Pet banks and “wildcat” banks flooded market with worthless paper money

• 1836 –Jackson attempts to end speculation in Western land:

– Specie – “hard” money; gold or silver

– Required public lands be purchased with “hard” (gold or silver) money

– Stopped boom based on land speculation in West and led to financial crash in 1837

How some saw

Jackson“King

Andrew the First”

Other Key Issues for Chapter 7 exam

• Missouri Compromise (3 parts)• Erie Canal (When and Where)• American System (“TNT” – CLAY)• 1ST Seven Presidents (in order)• Monroe Doctrine & Adams-Onis Treaty• John Marshall (McCulloch & Gibbons)– Federal Gov’t Supreme & Interstate Commerce