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URINARY SYSTEM
M E D I C A L T E R M I N O L O G Y
• Is the organ system which
produces, stores and
eliminates waste.
• Is responsible for waste
excretion in the form of
urine
Fluid Intake
• Is necessary in order for the body to
function
• Can be completed by: oral intake,
drinking water or eating food
• intravenous intake receiving fluid through
an IV which is the injection of fluid into
the vein in a hospital
Fun Fact: It is recommended that you drink eight glasses of water per day, which
equals out to approximately 60 to 70 ounces or two quarts.
•Is completed by:•Vomiting, sweating, feces, urine
•Exhaled vapor
• Terms Concerning Urine Output
• polyuria
increased urine output
• oliguria
decreased urine output
• anuria
complete lack of urine secretion
dysuria-
• difficult or painful urination
hematuria-
• blood in the urine
diuresis-
• increased excretion of urine
urinary incontinence-
• involuntary release of urine
urinary retention-
• inability to fully empty the bladder
enuresis
• Involuntary discharge of urine
Pathology (path/o=disease -ology=study of)
Cystitis (cyst/o=bladder -itis=inflammation)
• Urinary Bladder inflammation-simple bladder infection
• Dysuria, frequency, hematuria
Diagnostic Procedures
• UA (urinalysis) urin/o=urine -lysis=to destroy
• Laboratory test consisting of the physical chemical and
microscopic examination of urine
• C&S (urine culture and sensitivity)
• Attempt to grow bacteria on a culture in order to identify it
and then determine which antibiotics to use
nitrites, leukocyte
esterase, and
bacteria highly
suggestive of a
urinary tract
infection
Medications- Cipro, Macrobid- classified as
an antibiotic
• used to treat bacterial infections of the
urinary tract.
Pyridium, Urogesic- classified as an analgesic
• relieves pain-Its non narcotic
UTI-Urinary Tract Infection (urin/o=urine -ary=pertaining
to)
•Infection usually from bacteria. Most often begins with cystitis and
may ascend into ureters and kidneys. Most common in women due
to their short urethra.
Diagnostic Procedures
•UA (urinalysis) urin/o=urine -lysis=to destroy
•C&S (urine culture and sensitivity)
Medications- Cipro, Macrobid- classified as an Antibiotic
Pyridium, Urogesic- classified as an Analgesic
Kidney Stone(nephrolithiasis) nephr/o=kidney –lithiasis=condition of stones
•Presence of calculi in the kidney begins with solidification of salts present in the urine
Diagnostic Procedure
• UA
• C&S
• KUB kidneys, ureters, bladder
X-ray of the abdomen demonstrating the kidneys, ureters, and bladder without
contrast dye
• IVP-(intravenous pyelography) intra=within ven/o=vein -
ous=pertaining to pyel/o=renal pelvis -graph=recording
X-ray procedure in which a dye is injected into a vein and the x-rays are taken
to visualize the renal pelvis as the dye is removed by the kidneys
KUB AND KIDNEY STONES
IVP
RENAL FAILURE (REN/O=KIDNEY -AL=PERTAINING TO)
• Inability of the kidneys to filter waste from the
blood resulting in Uremia (a raised level in the blood of
urea and other nitrogenous waste compounds that are
normally eliminated by the kidneys)
• Maybe Acute or Chronic
• Acute Causes: Chronic
Blood or fluid loss Diabetes
Blood pressure medications Hypertension
Heart attack Polycystic kidney disease
Heart disease
Infection
Hemodialysis• Use of an artificial kidney machine that filters the blood
of a person to remove waste products.
*Use of this technique in patients who have defective kidneys is life saving
Polycystic Kidneys (poly=many cyst=pouch -tic=pertaining to)
is an inherited kidney disorder that causes formation of cysts within the
kidney tissue. Results in destruction of normal kidney tissue and uremia.
Eventually could cause kidney
failure
Diagnostic:• abdominal ultrasound
• abdominal CT scan
• abdominal MRI scan
• intravenous pyelogram:
• With advanced PKD
that causes renal failure,
dialysis and kidney
transplant may be
necessary.
Treatments/Medications:
Some of the treatment options may include:
• pain medication, except Ibuprofen, which is not
recommended as it may worsen kidney disease
• blood pressure medication
• antibiotics to treat UTIs
• a low sodium diet
• diuretics to help remove excess fluid from the body
Lasix or Aldactone: classified as a diuretic
Increases the volume of urine produced by the kidneys
• surgery to drain cysts and help relieve discomfort
Wilm's Tumor• Malignant kidney tumor most often found in children
• Also known as nephroblastoma, it's the most common cancer of the kidneys in children. Wilms'
tumor most often affects children ages 3 to 4 and becomes much less common after age 5.It's not
clear what causes Wilms' tumor, but in rare cases, heredity may play a role.
•Cancer begins when cells develop errors in their DNA. The errors allow the cells to grow and divide
uncontrollably and to go on living when other cells would die. The accumulating cells form a tumor. In
Wilms' tumor, this process occurs in the kidney cells.
•In rare cases, the errors in DNA that lead to Wilms' tumor are passed from a parent to the child. In
most cases, there is no known connection between parents and children that may lead to cancer.
•TREATMENT
•Surgery, chemo, and radiation
MISC:
Urologist- a physician specialized in treating conditions and diseases
of the urinary system and male reproductive system
Nephrologist-specialist in treatment of kidney disorder
Cystoscope- Instrument used to visually examine the bladder
Ditropan: classified as an antispasmodic -reduces bladder spasms in the
bladder