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Urinary System
Lecture 7
Anatomy
• Kidneys = bean-shaped organs, located on each side of the spinal column, removal of waste from the blood.
• Nephron = microscopic located in the kidney, urine producing .
• Glomerulus = process begins here, clusters of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron
• Renal pelvis = funnel shaped reservoir & passes it to the urter.
• Hilum = indentation in kidney, ureter leaves.
• Ureters = tubes, carry urine to the bladder.
Anatomy
• Urinary bladder = hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine.
• Urethra = tube, from bladder to the outside of the body, longer in the male.
• Urinary meatus = opening through which the urine passes to the outside.
• Urine = pale yellow liquid waste product, 95% water and 5% nitrogenous waste.
Word Parts
• Cyst/o vesic/o = bladder, sac.• Glomerul/o = Glomerulus.• Meat/o = meatus (opening).• Nephr/o ren/o = kidney.• Pyel/o = kidney.• Ureter/o = ureter.• Urethr/o = urethra. • Albumin/o = albumin• Azot/o = urea, nitrogen
Combining Forms
• Blast/o = developing cell.• Glyc/o = sugar.• Hydr/o = water.• Lith/o = stone, calculus.• Noct/i = night.• Olig/o = scanty, few.• Son/o = sound.• Tom/o = cut, section.• Urin/o = urine.• Ven/o = vein.
Suffixes
• -iasis esis = condition• -lysis = loosening, dissolution, separating• -megaly = enlargement• -orrhaphy = suturing, repairing• -ptosis = drooping, sagging, prolapse• -tripsy = surgical crushing• -uria = urine, urination• -trophy = nourishment, development
Disease & Disorder Terms I
• Cystitis = inflammation of the bladder.• Cystocele = protrusion of the bladder.• Cystolith = stone in the bladder.• Hydronephrosis = abnormal condition of
water in the kidney, from an obstruction.• Nephroblastoma = kidney tumor, developing
cell, (Wilms’ tumor).• Nephrolithiasis = stones in the kidney.• Nephroma = tumor of the kidney. • Nephromegaly = enlargement of the kidney.
Disease & Disorder Terms II
• Nephroptosis = drooping kidney.• Pyelitis = inflammation of the renal pelvis.• Uremia = urine in the blood, toxic
condition.• Ureterocele = protrusion of a ureter.• Ureterostenosis = narrowing of the ureter.• Urethrocystitis = inflammation of the
urethra and the bladder. • Polycystic kidney = kidney contains many
cysts and is enlarged.• Renal calculi = stones in the kidney.
Disease & Disorder Terms III
• Renal hypertension = elevated blood • pressure, resulting from kidney disease.• Urinary retention = accumulation of urine
in the bladder. Inability to urinate.• Urinary suppression = sudden stoppage of
urine formation.• Urinary tract infection (UTI) = infection of
one or more of the urinary tract.
Surgical Terms I
• Cystectomy = excision of the bladder.• Cystolithotomy = incision of the bladder to
remove a stone.• Cystoplasty = surgical repair of the
bladder.• Cystostomy = creating an artificial opening
into the bladder.• Lithotripsy = surgical crushing of a stone.• Nephrectomy = excision of a kidney.
Surgical Terms II
• Pyelolithotomy = incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone.
• Ureterectomy = excision of a ureter.• Urethroplasty = surgical repair of the
urethra.• Urethrotomy = incision in the urethra.• Fulguration = destruction of living tissue
with an electric spark, to remove growths. • Renal transplant = implantation of a donor
kidney. • Lithotrite = instrument used to crush a
stone.
Procedural Terms
• KUB = an x-ray of the abdomen, kindey, ureter & bladder.
• BUN = measure the amount of urea in the blood. Determines kidney function. Increase indicates renal dysfunction.
• Specific gravity = test on urine specimen to measure the concentration or diluting ability of the kidneys.
• Urinalysis (UA) = multiple routine test done on a urine specimen.
Complementary Terms I
• Albuminuria = albumin in the urine, indicates kidney problems.
• Anuria = absence of urine.• Dysuria = difficulty of painful urination. • Glycosuria - sugar (glucose) in the urine. • Hematuria = blood in the urine.• Nocturia = night urination. • Oliguria = scanty urination.• Polyuria = excessive urine.
Complementary Terms II
• Pyuria = pus in the urine. • Urologist = physician who specializes in
the diagnosis and treatment of the urinary system.
• Urology = study of the urinary system. The
reproductive system of the male. • Catheter = flexible, tube-like device for
withdrawing or instilling fluids. • Distended = stretched out.• Diuretic = agent that increases the amount
of urine.
Complementary Terms III
• Enuresis = involuntary urination (bed wetting).
• Hemodialysis = procedure of removing impurities from the blood, because kidney can’t.
• Incontinence = inability to control the bladder and/or bowels.
• Micturate = to urinate of void. • Stricture = abnormal narrowing, urethral
stricture. • Void = to empty or evacuate waste
material.
Abbreviations
• BUN = blood urea nitrogen• cath = catheterization• HD = hemodialysis • KUB = kidney, ureter, and bladder• SG = specific gravity• UA = urinalysis• UTI = urinary tract infection